Accessing Data in the Cloud

2021 ◽  
pp. 441-476
Author(s):  
Ian Walden
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Domestic Jurisdiction ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Governing Law

This chapter describes the legal framework governing law enforcement access to data in a cloud environment, giving particular attention to developments in the European Union, the United States, and international law, specifically the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention (Cybercrime Convention). The Convention addresses the investigation and prosecution of cybercrime within the domestic jurisdiction, as well as facilitating international co-operation against transborder cybercrimes. The provisions represent a certain consensus among the signatories about the appropriate exercise of law enforcement powers in cyberspace, including a cloud environment. However, the exercise of law enforcement agency (LEA) powers raises a number of jurisdictional questions. Each of these issues presents a boundary issue for LEAs, cloud service providers, and cloud users; a boundary between lawful and unlawful behaviours or regulated and unregulated activities. The chapter looks at how and when those boundaries apply and what mechanisms and procedures have been adopted, or are proposed, to address the needs of LEAs in a cloud environment.

scholarly journals EU Law and Mass Internet Metadata Surveillance in the Post-Snowden Era

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Ni Loideain
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
The Eu

Legal frameworks exist within democracies to prevent the misuse and abuse of personal data that law enforcement authorities obtain from private communication service providers. The fundamental rights to respect for private life and the protection of personal data underpin this framework within the European Union. Accordingly, the protection of the principles and safeguards required by these rights is key to ensuring that the oversight of State surveillance powers is robust and transparent. Furthermore, without the robust scrutiny of independent judicial review, the principles and safeguards guaranteed by these rights may become more illusory than real. Following the Edward Snowden revelations, major concerns have been raised worldwide regarding the legality, necessity and proportionality standards governing these laws. In 2014, the highest court in the EU struck down the legal framework that imposed a mandatory duty on communication service providers to undertake the mass retention of metadata for secret intelligence and law enforcement authorities across the EU. This article considers the influence of the Snowden revelations on this landmark judgment. Subsequently, the analysis explores the significance of this ruling for the future reform of EU law governing metadata surveillance and its contribution to the worldwide debate on indiscriminate and covert monitoring in the post-Snowden era.

scholarly journals A Generic Model for Identifying QoS Parameters Interrelations in Cloud Services Selection Ontology during Runtime

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Babu Rajendiran ◽  
Jayashree Kanniappan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Cloud Service Provider ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Computer Based

Nowadays, many business organizations are operating on the cloud environment in order to diminish their operating costs and to select the best service from many cloud providers. The increasing number of Cloud Services available on the market encourages the cloud consumer to be conscious in selecting the most apt Cloud Service Provider that satisfies functionality, as well as QoS parameters. Many disciplines of computer-based applications use standardized ontology to represent information in their fields that indicate the necessity of an ontology-based representation. The proposed generic model can help service consumers to identify QoS parameters interrelations in the cloud services selection ontology during run-time, and for service providers to enhance their business by interpreting the various relations. The ontology has been developed using the intended attributes of QoS from various service providers. A generic model has been developed and it is tested with the developed ontology.

scholarly journals Addressing Semantics Standards for Cloud Portability and Interoperability in Multi Cloud Environment

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Chithambaramani Ramalingam ◽  
Prakash Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Programming Interfaces ◽  
Multi Cloud

The increasing demand for cloud computing has shifted business toward a huge demand for cloud services, which offer platform, software, and infrastructure for the day-to-day use of cloud consumers. Numerous new cloud service providers have been introduced to the market with unique features that assist service developers collaborate and migrate services among multiple cloud service providers to address the varying requirements of cloud consumers. Many interfaces and proprietary application programming interfaces (API) are available for migration and collaboration services among cloud providers, but lack standardization efforts. The target of the research work was to summarize the issues involved in semantic cloud portability and interoperability in the multi-cloud environment and define the standardization effort imminently needed for migrating and collaborating services in the multi-cloud environment.

scholarly journals An Efficient Framework to Improve QoS of CSP using Enhanced Minimal Resource Optimization based Scheduling Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Ravi Mahadevan ◽  
Neelamegam Anbazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Resource Optimization ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Scheduling Policy ◽  
Minimal Resource

<span>Online Nowadays, the enterprises &amp; individuals are contributing their workloads on cloud service providers which are going to increase on daily basis. There are   large amount CSP are available to offer virtualized and dynamic resource on pay and use basis. However, there are almost CSP failed to maintain quality of service (QOS) and minimal resource optimization. Some of the existing approaches are highly dedicated on scheduling policy but, it does not considered reliable services with optimized QOS. To offer best solution of above problem, the framework proposes Enhanced Minimal Resource Optimization based Scheduling Algorithm to minimize the resources and maintain the QOS.  The method avoids delay in Request-Response model in cloud environment. To avoid overload for resource allocation, the proposed design utilized optimized scheduling policy.  Proposed mechanisms utilized optimized service brokering policy to reduce the delay response in cloud environment. The framework also help cloud user to prefer best CSP according to their prior services. The method offers rising trend of resource based structure to reduce the placement churn extensively. Proposed system utilized efficient scheduling policy to transmit data request to CSP with minimal data processing time. The entire utilization is to improve the QOS of cloud service provider in the features of multi-dimensional resource. Based on experimental evaluations, proposed technique improves the CPT (Computation Processing Time) 301.72 milliseconds, BU (Bandwidth Utilization) 20 Mbps, CPUU (CPU Utilization) 5% &amp; MRU (Memory Resource Utilization) 3% on given input parameters compare than existing methodology.</span>

scholarly journals Efficient and Cost-effective Service Broker Policy Based on User Priority in VIKOR for Cloud Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammed Radi ◽  
Ali Alwan ◽  
Abedallah Abualkishik ◽  
Adam Marks ◽  
Yonis Gulzar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Broker

Cloud computing has become a practical solution for processing big data. Cloud service providers have heterogeneous resources and offer a wide range of services with various processing capabilities. Typically, cloud users set preferences when working on a cloud platform. Some users tend to prefer the cheapest services for the given tasks, whereas other users prefer solutions that ensure the shortest response time or seek solutions that produce services ensuring an acceptable response time at a reasonable cost. The main responsibility of the cloud service broker is identifying the best data centre to be used for processing user requests. Therefore, to maintain a high level of quality of service, it is necessity to develop a service broker policy that is capable of selecting the best data centre, taking into consideration user preferences (e.g. cost, response time). This paper proposes an efficient and cost-effective plan for a service broker policy in a cloud environment based on the concept of VIKOR. The proposed solution relies on a multi-criteria decision-making technique aimed at generating an optimized solution that incorporates user preferences. The simulation results show that the proposed policy outperforms most recent policies designed for the cloud environment in many aspects, including processing time, response time, and processing cost. KEYWORDS Cloud computing, data centre selection, service broker, VIKOR, user priorities

Broker-based optimization of SLA negotiations in cloud computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharti ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Bhanu Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Sla Negotiation ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing provisions and allocates resources, in advance or real-time, to dynamic applications planned for execution. This is a challenging task as the Cloud-Service-Providers (CSPs) may not have sufficient resources at all times to satisfy the resource requests of the Cloud-Service-Users (CSUs). Further, the CSPs and CSUs have conflicting interests and may have different utilities. Service-Level-Agreement (SLA) negotiations among CSPs and CSUs can address these limitations. User Agents (UAs) negotiate for resources on behalf of the CSUs and help reduce the overall costs for the CSUs and enhance the resource utilization for the CSPs. This research proposes a broker-based mediation framework to optimize the SLA negotiation strategies between UAs and CSPs in Cloud environment. The impact of the proposed framework on utility, negotiation time, and request satisfaction are evaluated. The empirical results show that these strategies favor cooperative negotiation and achieve significantly higher utilities, higher satisfaction, and faster negotiation speed for all the entities involved in the negotiation.

Security of the Cloud

2015 ◽  
pp. 363-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Begain ◽  
Michal Zak ◽  
Wael Alosaimi ◽  
Charles Turyagyenda
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Edos Attacks ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cloud Users

The chapter presents current security concerns in the Cloud Computing Environment. The cloud concept and operation raise many concerns for cloud users since they have no control of the arrangements made to protect the services and resources offered. Additionally, it is obvious that many of the cloud service providers will be subject to significant security attacks. Some traditional security attacks such as the Denial of Service attacks (DoS) and distributed DDoS attacks are well known, and there are several proposed solutions to mitigate their impact. However, in the cloud environment, DDoS becomes more severe and can be coupled with Economical Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attacks. The chapter presents a general overview of cloud security, the types of vulnerabilities, and potential attacks. The chapter further presents a more detailed analysis of DDoS attacks' launch mechanisms and well-known DDoS defence mechanisms. Finally, the chapter presents a DDoS-Mitigation system and potential future research directions.

Security of the Cloud

2018 ◽  
pp. 1511-1554
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Begain ◽  
Michal Zak ◽  
Wael Alosaimi ◽  
Charles Turyagyenda
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Edos Attacks ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cloud Users

The chapter presents current security concerns in the Cloud Computing Environment. The cloud concept and operation raise many concerns for cloud users since they have no control of the arrangements made to protect the services and resources offered. Additionally, it is obvious that many of the cloud service providers will be subject to significant security attacks. Some traditional security attacks such as the Denial of Service attacks (DoS) and distributed DDoS attacks are well known, and there are several proposed solutions to mitigate their impact. However, in the cloud environment, DDoS becomes more severe and can be coupled with Economical Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attacks. The chapter presents a general overview of cloud security, the types of vulnerabilities, and potential attacks. The chapter further presents a more detailed analysis of DDoS attacks' launch mechanisms and well-known DDoS defence mechanisms. Finally, the chapter presents a DDoS-Mitigation system and potential future research directions.

Cloudy days ahead: Cross-border evidence collection and its impact on the rights of EU citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-250
Author(s):  
Lawrence Siry
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the development of cloud storage and the ease of cross-border communication have rendered the area of evidence collection particularly difficult for law enforcement agencies (LEAs), courts and academics. Evidence related to a criminal act in one jurisdiction might be stored in a different jurisdiction. Often it is not even clear in which jurisdiction the relevant data are, and at times the data may be spread over multiple jurisdictions. The traditional rules related to cross-border evidence collection, the mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) regimes, have proved to be out-dated, cumbersome and inefficient, as they were suited for a time when the seeking of cross-border evidence was more infrequent. In order to tackle this problem, the United States has enacted the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act, which gives extraterritorial e-evidence collection powers to US courts. Simultaneously, the European Union (EU) has proposed similar sweeping changes which would allow for LEAs in Member States to preserve and collect cloud-based evidence outside of the MLAT system. This article critically evaluates these developments from the perspective of the impact on the rights of EU citizens.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Cross-Domain Identity Authentication Scheme Based on Proxy Resignature in Cloud Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yongyang Lv ◽  
Wenju Liu ◽  
Ze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Replay Attacks ◽  
Man In The Middle ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Computing Performance

Based on proxy resignature, the signature transformation between trust domains of different cryptographic systems is realized with the help of the cloud authentication center, so as to achieve cross-domain access between users and cloud service providers in heterogeneous environment. Hierarchical ID tree realizes the uniqueness of identity in communication, and the security of heterogeneous cross-domain identity authentication is enhanced by the two-factor authentication of “password + key” and temporary identity replacing real identity. The security of the scheme is proved under the CK model, which can anonymously trace entity identity, resist replay attacks, replacement attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks, and the simulation experiment is carried out. By searching it in related fields, no paper on heterogeneous cross-domain identity authentication based on proxy resignature has been published yet. The results of this paper show that the proposed scheme has better computing performance and higher security.

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