Mixing It

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Webster
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War, people arrived in Britain from all over the world as troops, war workers, nurses, refugees, exiles, and prisoners of war—chiefly from Europe, America, and the British Empire. Between 1939 and 1945, the population in Britain became more diverse than it had ever been before. Through diaries, letters, and interviews, Mixing It tells of ordinary lives which in wartime conditions were often extraordinary. Among the stories featured are those of Zbigniew Siemaszko and ‘Johnny’ Pohe. Siemaszko’s epic journey to Britain began on a horse-drawn sleigh, in a village in Kazakhstan to which he had been deported by the Soviet Union, eventually taking him to the Polish army in Scotland via Iran, Iraq, and South Africa. Pohe, from New Zealand, was the first Maori pilot to serve in the RAF. He was captured after he had to ditch his plane, took part in what was subsequently called the ‘Great Escape’, and was one of fifty escapees who were recaptured and murdered by the Gestapo. This is the first book to look at the big picture of large-scale movements to Britain and the rich variety of relations between different groups. When the war ended, awareness of the diversity of Britain’s wartime population was lost and has played little part in public memories of the war. Mixing It recovers this forgotten history. It illuminates the place of the Second World War in the making of multinational, multiethnic Britain and resonates with current debates on immigration.

British Communists, the British Empire and the Second World War

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Second World War ◽  
British Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Second World

For a few years after its foundation in 1920 the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) attempted, energetically prompted by the Comintern, to work in solidarity with anticolonial movements in the British Empire. But after the Nazi victory in Germany the Comintern's principal concern was to defend the Soviet Union and the liberal democracies against the threat of fascism. British communists criticized the British Government for failing to defend the Empire against the threat from its imperial rivals. After the entry of the Soviet Union into the war in 1941 they vigorously supported the British war effort, including the defense of Empire. This was not though simply a manifestation of chauvinism. British communists believed that imperialism was suffering a strategic defeat by “progressive” forces and that colonial freedom would follow the defeat of fascism. These chimerical notions were greatly strengthened by the allies' promises of postwar peace, prosperity and international cooperation. In the last year or so of war British communists were clearly worried that these promises would not be redeemed, but nevertheless supported British reassertion of power in such places as Greece, Burma and Malaya. For the great majority of British communists, these were secondary matters when seen in the context of Labour's election victory of 1945 and its promised program of social-imperialist reform.

scholarly journals De oostfronttekeningen van Frans Van Immerseel

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Frank Seberechts
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Important Message ◽  
Second World

De graficus Frans Van Immerseel is reeds voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog actief in het Vlaams-nationalisme. Hij sluit zich in het begin van de bezetting aan bij de Algemeene SS-Vlaanderen. Wanneer in de zomer van 1941 de Duitse troepen aan de veldtocht in de Sovjetunie beginnen, meldt hij zich als vrijwilliger voor het Vlaamsch Legioen.Van Immerseel wordt aangesteld tot oorlogsverslaggever aan het oostfront. Hij levert illustraties bij de artikels die over de veldtocht verschijnen in de collaboratiepers, zoals Volk en Staat, De SS Man en De Arbeidskameraad. Zijn tekeningen betreffen verschillende onderwerpen: het leven van de Duitse en de Vlaamse soldaten achter het front, soldaten in actie tijdens de gevechten, portretten van Vlaamse oostfrontvrijwilligers, portretten van Sovjetrussische krijgsgevangenen en schetsen van al dan niet door de oorlog getroffen gebouwen en landschappen. Zijn werk sluit nauw aan bij de visie van het nationaal-socialisme op de kunst, terwijl het voorts een belangrijke propagandistische boodschap draagt. De soldaten stralen heldhaftigheid en kracht uit, terwijl de geportretteerde Sovjetburgers uitdrukking moeten geven aan hun veronderstelde culturele en raciale inferioriteit. Meestal ondersteunen de tekeningen de bijdragen waarbij ze verschijnen, maar vele worden verschillende malen gebruikt bij telkens andere artikels.Van Immerseels werk verschijnt tot begin 1943 in de pers. Daarna valt hij in ongenade door de problemen die hij in het Vlaamsch Legioen kent en worden zijn tekeningen niet meer gepubliceerd.________The East Front drawings by Frans Van ImmerseelThe graphic artist Frans Van Immerseel was already active in Flemish Nationalism before the Second World War. At the beginning of the occupation he joined the General SS-Flanders. When the German troops started the campaign in the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941 he signed up as a volunteer for the Flemish Legion.Van Immerseel was appointed war reporter at the East Front. He produced illustrations for articles appearing about the campaign in the collaboration press, such as Volk en Staat (‘People and State’), De SS Man (‘The SS Man’) and De Arbeidskameraad (‘The Labour Comrade’). His drawings concerned various subjects: the life of the German and Flemish soldiers behind the front line, soldiers in action during battles, portraits of Flemish East Front volunteers, portraits of Soviet Russian prisoners of war and drawings of buildings and landscapes both unscathed and damaged by the war. His work followed the vision of National Socialism on art very closely and it also carried an important message of propaganda. The soldiers portrayed heroism and strength, whilst the depicted Soviet citizens were to express their supposed cultural and racial inferiority. Usually his drawings illustrated the contributions along side which they were published, but many of them were used a number of times for several different articles.The work of Van Immerseel was published until the beginning of 1943. Afterwards he fell into disfavour because of the problems he encountered in the Flemish Legion and his drawings were no longer published.

scholarly journals Нерепатрійовані: судові процеси над військовополоненими на Дніпропетровщині (друга половина 1940-х рр.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Світлана Сергіївна Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
Final Sentence ◽  
Detention Camps ◽  
Second World

One of the results of the Second World War was the presence of a large number of the Germans, Austrian, Romanian and other prisoners of war on the territory of the Soviet Union. Their  were actively used in the postwar reconstructions. The article is devoted to the analysis of personal histories of the former enemy soldiers who were kept in the USSR after 1945 and then they were convicted in the 1940's. The main sources are the materials of the Security Service of Ukraine in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast archives. The mentioned above archival materials show that, despite the prosecution, the final sentence for prisoners of war was the same and they had to spend 25 years in labor camps. Particular attention is paid to the cases of George Ionescu, Rudolf Petri, Paul Edgard, Joseph Lecker and Johann Pikanski. In 1945–1950 they were held in detention camps No. 315 or 460, which were located on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk region. Each of these persons chose their own surviving strategy in the camp – escape attempt, avoiding work, finding opportunities to obtain information about the outside world, honestly abiding by rules or  sabotage. However, despite the chosen way, the process of repatriation was delayed for all of them until the 1950s. Only after the «Thaw» («Vidlyhy») epoch and the amnesty laws passing, the prisoners got possibility to return to their homeland.

scholarly journals Dėmėtosios šiltinės epidemija Lietuvoje Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais (1941–1944 m.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021/1 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Mantas Šikšnianas
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

ANNOTATION. The article dwells on cases of typhus in Lithuania in 1941–1944, offers an analysis of the spread of the disease, the number of cases, and the preventive measures applied by German and Lithuanian officials. It was established that during the German occupation, typhus spread in Lithuania in two ways. The disease was first spread by Soviet prisoners of war, and later by civilians who were evacuated from the Soviet Union. The largest number of cases was recorded in parts of Lithuania where typhus was most often detected before the Second World War. KEYWORDS: typhus, epidemic, prisoners of war, evacuated civilians, sanitation, prevention.

scholarly journals Songs of Japanese Prisoners of War in the Soviet Union after World War II

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-211
Author(s):  
Clara Momoko Geber
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Second World

Abstract The Second World War ended with Japan’s capitulation after the disastrous nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Subsequently, approximately 700,000 Japanese soldiers were selected as captives to undertake physical labour in Soviet prison camps. After returning to Japan, some of them wrote about their lives in the Soviet Union, drew pictures about their experiences, or wrote about their favourite songs that they had sung during their imprisonment. My study of various reports of Japanese prisoners of war (POWs) after the Second World War surprisingly revealed that not only traumatic conditions during forced labour were published, but also social interactions in the form of joint artistic activities such as making music, producing theatre plays, and staging sports competitions. The prisoners have often retrospectively described these as strikingly positive events during their years of internment in the Soviet Union. This article analyses a total of thirty-four songs sung and composed by Japanese POWs during captivity on a lyrical level (text analysis). In doing so, I adopt a new approach to interpreting the social conditions during the imprisonment of Japanese soldiers in the Soviet Union.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Edele
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Second World

This chapter turns to the present and explains the implications of the current study for the ongoing debate about the Soviet Union in the Second World War and in particular about the role of loyalty and disloyalty in the Soviet war effort. It argues that this study strengthens those who argue for a middle position: the majority of Soviet citizens were neither unquestioningly loyal to the Stalinist regime nor convinced resisters. The majority, instead, saw their interests as distinct from both the German and the Soviet regime. Nevertheless, ideology remains important if we want to understand why in the Soviet Union more resisted or collaborated than elsewhere in Europe and Asia.

Brazilian historiography on the participation of the USSR in the Second World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Boris Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
International Authority ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the evolution of views of the Brazilian authors on the role, played by the Soviet Union in the WWII and its contribution to the victory of the anti-Hitlerian coalition. It contains a historiographical review of the works, written by the Brazilian authors on the theme, beginning from 2004. One follows the process of their growing interest towards clarifying the real contribution of the Soviet part to the common victory, along with the rise of the international authority of Brazil and strengthening of the Russo – Brazilian ties. One reveals the modern attitude of Brazilian authors towards such dubious or scarcely known themes as the Molotov – Ribbentrop pact, the battles for Smolensk and Rhzev, town–bound fights in Stalingrad, liberation of the Baltic republics, the Soviet war with Japan, etc. The author comes to conclusion, that in spite of the Western efforts to infuse the people`s conscience with the elements of the “post – truth” in this respect, the correct treatment of those events acquires priority even in such a far off from Russia state, as Brazil.

From Buzuluk to London: The Combat Trail and Everyday Service of Women Auxiliaries in the Polish Army (1941–1945)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

This article explores the establishment of the Polish Women’s Auxiliary Service (was) as part of the complex story of the formation of a Polish army in exile. In 1941, after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Polish Army in the Soviet Union was established. The Women’s Auxiliary Service was formed at the same time as a means to enable Polish women to serve their country and also as a way for Polish women to escape the Soviet Union. The women of the was followed the Polish Army combat trail from Buzuluk to London, accompanying their male peers first to the Middle East and then Italy. The women of the was served as nurses, clerks, cooks and drivers. This article examines the recruitment, organization and daily life of the women who served their country as exiles on the battlefront of the Second World War.

scholarly journals Między Kijowem a Konstantynopolem Relacje Kościoła ukraińskiego z Patriarchatem Ekumenicznym (X–XXI w.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-95
Author(s):  
Konrad Kuczara
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

Relations between the Ukrainian Church and Constantinople were difficult. This goes back as far as 988, when the Christianisation of the Rus created a strong alliance between Kiev and the Byzantine Empire. There were times when Constantinople had no influence over the Kiev Metropolis. During the Mongolian invasion in 1240, the Ukranian region was broken up and Kiev lost its power. The headquarters of the Kiev Metropolis were first moved to Wlodzimierz nad Klazma in 1299 and then to Moscow in1325. In 1458 the Metropolis of Kiev was divided into two; Kiev and Moscow, but Kiev still remained under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Since that time, the orthodox hierarchs of Moscow no longer adhered to the title Bishop of Kiev and the whole of Rus and in 1588 the Patriarchate of Moscow was founded. In 1596 when  the Union of Brest was formed,  the orthodox church of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth was not liquidated. Instead it was formally revived in 1620 and in 1632 it was officially recognized by king Wladyslaw Waza. In 1686 the Metropolis of Kiev which until that time was under the Patriarchate of Constantinople was handed over to the jurisdiction of Moscow. It was tsarist diplomats that bribed the Ottoman Sultan of the time to force the Patriarchate to issue a decree giving Moscow jurisdiction over the Metropolis of Kiev. In the beginning of the 19th century, Kiev lost its Metropolitan status and became a regular diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Only in the beginning of the 20thcentury, during the time of the Ukrainian revolution were efforts made to create an independent Church of Ukraine. In 1919 the autocephaly was announced, but the Patriarchate of Constantinople did not recognize it. . The structure of this Church was soon to be liquidated and it was restored again after the second world war at the time when Hitler occupied the Ukraine. In 1992, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when Ukraine gained its independence, the Metropolitan of Kiev requested that the Orthodox Church of Ukraine becomes autocephalous but his request was rejected by the Patriarchate of Moscow. Until 2018 the Patriarchate of Kiev and the autocephalous Church remained unrecognized and thus considered schismatic. In 2018 the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople looked  into the matter and on 5thJanuary 2019, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine received it’s tomos of autocephaly from Constantinople. The Patriarchate of Moscow opposed the decision of Constantinople and as a result refused to perform a common Eucharist with the new Church of Ukraine and with the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

scholarly journals The national camp and the concept of a federation during the Second World War

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 256-276
Author(s):  
Dariusz Miszewski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Global Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War, the national camp preached the idea of imperialism in Central Europe. Built peacefully, the Polish empire was supposed to protect the independence and security of countries in Central Europe against Germany and the Soviet Union, and thus went by the name of “the Great Poland”. As part of the empire, nation-states were retained. The national camp was opposed to the idea of the federation as promoted by the government-in-exile. The “national camp” saw the idea of federation on the regional, European and global level as obsolete. Post-war international cooperation was based on nation states and their alliances.

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