The Use of the Apostrophe and the Fictionality of Declamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Stefan Feddern
Keyword(s):  
Direct Speech ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
The Subject

Building on van Mal-Maeder’s work on fictionality in Roman declamation, this chapter examines the poetics of declamation in Seneca the Elder’s compilations. When read from a literary standpoint, declamatory texts consist of two key components: the fabula (‘content’) and the discours (‘means of conveying said content’). The chapter concerns itself primarily with the latter, and specifically with the rhetorical concept of apostrophe (α‎̓ποστροφη‎́́), during which speakers address the subject about whom they are declaiming in direct speech. The analysis outlines the communicative strategies involved in this rhetorical technique, along with its implications on both the intradiegetic and extradiegetic narrative planes, and determines the extent to which apostrophe and its variants can be regarded as signs for the fictionality of a given declamation.

Notes on Seneca Tragicus

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-269
Author(s):  
Roland Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Direct Speech ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Initial Syllable ◽  
The Subject

Ajax is the subject of intonat, but little else is certain. Various punctuations are on offer, and even the authenticity of lines 545 and 546 is questioned; the difficulties are set out in Professor Tarrant's commentary (Cambridge, 1976). My concern is focused solely on 545 and the word nunc, printed in the text of the recent Oxford Classical Text and obelized by Professor Zwierlein. I suggest that the original word in this part of the line was saeuum, a standing epithet of the sea. Written seuum, its initial syllable might have disappeared through haplography; that would have left uum to be transformed into something else. E came up with a word close to the ductus, nunc; the A-tradition added se either to mend the metre or perhaps to indicate (by superscription?) the omitted syllable. If saeuum is a plausible emendation, we might at least keep 545 as a piece of direct speech introduced by intonat, exactly as at Phaed. 1065 magnum intonat.

VIII An account of the report given by Prince Charles and the Duke of Buckingham to the joint committee of both Houses, respecting the negotiations for a Spanish marriage

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 207-222
Keyword(s):  
House Of Commons ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Formal Relation ◽  
Similar Report ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Member Of Parliament ◽  
Formal Session ◽  
Made In

MS 4 consists of eight foolscap folios, five written on both sides, one partly written on one side only, and two blank. It was originally folded, and the endorsement on the back of f. 8 would have been on the outside of the packet so formed. It is the first half of a detailed and circumstantial account of the report made to a joint committee of both Whole Houses by the Duke of Buckingham and Prince Charles on 24 February 1624. The subject of the report was the recent failure of the negotiations for a Spanish marriage, which had been dragging on for about ten years. So great was the interest of members in this report that special precautions were ordered to ensure that no one who was not a bona fide member of parliament should be admitted, and these precautions are hinted at in the opening sentences. Because this meeting was not a formal session of either house, report of the proceedings had to be made in both the Lords and the Commons. The Lord Keeper's report, delivered on Friday, 27 February, is fully recorded in the Lords Journal, The substance is naturally much the same as the contents of this document, but the style is completely different. As befitted a formal relation, the Lord Keeper omitted the circumstantial details which make this account vivid and interesting; the direct speech, and the Prince's interjections and comments. The House of Commons received a similar report on the same day from Sir Richard Weston and Sir Francis Cottington, both of whom had been personally involved in the negotiations. The version of this report printed in the Commons Journal is very sketchy and disjointed, being taken from the hasty jottings of MS Tanner 392.

scholarly journals Predicados de comunicação em português europeu: nominalizações e nomes autónomos

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-259
Author(s):  
Sónia Reis ◽  
Nuno Mamede ◽  
Jorge Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Role ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Subject

This paper provides an overview of the verbal and noun predicates involving the concept of communication and their distribution in the lexicon‑grammar of European Portuguese. Two key concepts are used: (i) the agent‑speaker semantic role (and other related roles, such as message, and addressee), associated with the subject syntactic slot of these predicates; and (ii) the possibility of the verb to enter a verbum dicendi construction, i.e., introducing direct speech

The Origin of the Official Aramaic Quotative Marker l'mr

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na'ama Pat-El
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Main Form ◽  
The Subject

Abstract In Official Aramaic, l'mr, the old infinitive of the verb √'mr, became the main form capable of introducing direct speech, even when there is another verbum dicendi present. The origin of the pattern has been the subject of several studies and has been assumed to be either an Aramaic innovation or a loan from Biblical Hebrew. An examination of the distribution and syntax of the form shows that it cannot be an Aramaic innovation and is highly unlikely to be borrowed from Hebrew. It is further suggested that the pattern is an Egyptian calque.

The Appealing Qur'an: On the Rhetorical Strategy of Vocatives and Interpellation in the Qur'an

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Sitz Im Leben ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rhetorical Features

Muslim subjectivity is created and shaped by means of certain linguistic-rhetorical traits and techniques prevalent in the Qur'an. This hypothesis implies that rhetorical choices and strategies were crucial for the emergence and gestalt of the Qur'anic discourse, it oratorical Sitz im Leben. In terms of genre and speech register, Qur'anic discourse presents itself as an extrovert soliloquy: self-sufficient and introvert on one hand and extrovert and audience-orientated on the other. The present article focuses on the latter, that is, the pragmatic and functionalistic nature of Qur'anic rhetoric. Furthermore, it argues for the analytical application of Roman Jakobson's notion of language functions, especially one particular language function. This is the so-called conative or appellative language function, which I regard as a particularly salient Qur'anic one. Central here are linguistic-rhetorical features such as direct speech, imperatives, and vocatives. Moreover, I maintain that the Qur'an's appellative language must be coupled with the critical notion of interpellation, as provided by the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser (1918–1990). By means of regular interpallative addresses, such as the yā-ayyuhā vocatives, the Qur'an creates and shape an efficacious Muslim subjectivity: the subject, whether an individual person or a collective group, instantly and intuitively feels recognised and apprehended as a privileged addressee. As a result of this very recognition and apprehension, the subject in the same instant recognises itself as subordinate to a powerful divine voice. Seized by the Qur'anic address, a basic Muslim subjectivity—with a certain vision of the ultimate conditions of existence—is constituted. In other words, the appellative rhetoric is crucial to the appeal of the Qur'an: the appellative Qur'an is an appealing Qur'an.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA MENURUT LEECH PADA TUTURAN BERBAHASA ARAB GURU PONDOK PESANTREN IBNUL QOYYIM PUTRA YOGYAKARTA TAHUNAJARAN 2016/2017 (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Lailatul Wahidah ◽  
Hendriana Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
The Subject

Abstract: This research is aimed to find out the structure of Arabic speech that is used by the teacher and the politeness aspects of language in Arabic speech which is used by Ibnul Qoyyim Boarding School For Boys when teaching santri in classroom. This research is a qualitative research by collecting data by interacting with people in place of research. The method that researchers use in this study is divided into three namely the method of data provision, data analysis, and methods of data analysis results. After analyzing the direct speech by the subject teacher of Tamrin Lugah in Ibnul Qoyyim Boarding School For Boys with the theory of politeness of Geoffey Leech, it resulted in the tact maxim of 17 speeches, the generosity maxim of 4 speeches, the approbation maxim of 14 speeches, the agreement maxim of 25 speeches, and the sympathy maxim of 4 speeches. Whereas in practice the teacher also violated the language-assisted language with the tact maxim of 13 speeches, the approbation maxim of 2 speeches, and the aggrement maxim of 7 speeches, and researchers did not find the modesty maxim. Keywords: institution, language politeness, teacher's speech 

scholarly journals Communicative Strategies of Social Media Discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16001
Author(s):  
Elena Klemenova ◽  
Margarita Ereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The Impact

We have attempted to analyse the features of communicative strategies of a media discourse. The paper describes the notions of “discourse”, “media discourse”, “social media discourse”, and “communicative strategies”. The research is performed using the social media texts collected by the authors. Up to date no linguistic investigations of communicative strategies used in social media discourse have been conducted. We have focused on news texts from information, news, educational, and entertaining platforms, in social networks. The most important thing is to identify the ways of communicative strategies generation and the methods of their association in a social media discourse. The article shows some typical features of a social media discourse. The subject of the research is a set of communicative strategies used during implementation of the communicative functions of texts. The purpose of the paper is to identify and organise communicative strategies, the characteristics of their use depending on the social text topic, and to review the impact of such a text. The main aim of the research is to study the social media discourse as one type of an institutional media discourse; to identify and describe the factors impacting its formation.

From Mimēsis to Imitatio

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-70
Author(s):  
Colin Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
The Subject

Beginning with the earliest Greek uses of the word mimēsis, this chapter charts the early stages of thinking about the imitation of authors. It suggests that Aristophanes’ parodies and imitations of Euripides influenced Plato’s negative view of artistic representations more generally. Plato’s use of the word mimēsis of moments when a playwright or narrative poet represented direct speech through a persona was a crucial development. It enabled later rhetorical writers to discuss how one author might perform such mimēsis on the style of another. The development of that thinking is explored in relation to Isocrates and Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s fragmentary treatise Peri Mimēseōs (concerning imitatio). These early discussions of the subject, however, left many questions unanswered. Is the object of literary imitation a particular set of texts, the moral character of an author, or a set of quasi-mathematical axioms that underlie the work of earlier writers?

scholarly journals MEDIA DISCOURSE: COMMUNICATIVE TACTICS AND STRATEGIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Ereshchenko ◽  
◽  
E.N. Klemenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The article shows some typical features of a social media discourse. The subject of the research is a set of communicative strategies used during implementation of the communicative functions of texts. The purpose of the paper is to identify and organise communicative strategies, the characteristics of their use depending on the social text topic, and to review the impact of such a text. The main aim of the research is to study the social media discourse as one type of an institutional media discourse; to identify and describe the factors impacting its formation

scholarly journals Axiological aspect of confrontational communicative strategies in american political discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Ya. Y. Khlopotunov ◽  
D. S. Khramchenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Political Speech ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Verbal Labels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the axiological aspect of confrontational communicative strategies is realized in American political discourse. The problem of intensified conventional and destructive elements in American political speech requires thorough linguistic investigation as political discourse is becoming more subjective and negative. The evaluation category allows discourse participants to construct some hierarchy of objects based on the “good vs. bad” predicates. The author analyzes different types of evaluations and their realizations in confrontational strategies, e.g. instrumental, technical, conductive, utilitarian, medical, hedonic evaluations. The paper puts special focus on construction of evaluation act, which includes the subject of speech, the object of speech and the predicate. The subject of speech is expressed through personal pronouns, appeals to authority or majority. The object of speech can be specified directly (using, for example, proper nouns, familiar constructions and verbal labels) or indirectly (using deixis). The predicate is expressed through nouns, adjectives, modal and emotional verbs and infinitives. The negative evaluation comprises such typical means as modified personal pronouns, contextual metaphors, pun, indexical phrases etc., which are used for confrontational speech tactics of mockery, discrediting, exposing, prosecution, negative analysis and vulnerability.

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