The Phonetics and Phonology of Geminate Consonants

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Loanword Phonology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Phonological Contrasts ◽  
Different Parts

Geminate consonants, also known as long consonants, appear in many languages in the world, and how they contrast with their short counterparts, or singletons (e.g. /tt/ vs. /t/), is an important topic that features in most linguistics and phonology textbooks. However, neither their phonetic manifestation nor their phonological nature is fully understood, much less their cross-linguistic similarities and differences. As the first volume specifically devoted to the phonetics and phonology of geminate consonants, this book aims to bring together novel, original data and analyses concerning many individual languages in different parts of the world, to present a wide range of perspectives for the study of phonological contrasts in general by introducing various experimental (acoustic, perceptual, physiological, and electrophysiological) and non-experimental methodologies, and to discuss phonological contrasts in a wider context than is generally considered by looking also at the behaviour of geminate consonants in loanword phonology and language acquisition. Studying geminate consonants requires interdisciplinary approaches including experimental phonetics (acoustics and speech perception), theoretical phonology, speech processing, neurolinguistics, and language acquisition. Providing phonetic and phonological details about geminate consonants across languages will greatly contribute to research in these fields.

Introduction to the phonetics and phonology of geminate consonants

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Loanword Phonology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Phonological Contrasts

This chapter is an introduction to the entire volume providing a summary of the following fourteen chapters in the general framework of phonetics and phonology. The book aims to achieve three goals: (i) to present novel, original data and analyses concerning geminate consonants in many individual languages around the world, (ii) to introduce various experimental and non-experimental methodologies and thereby provide a wide range of perspectives for the study of phonological contrasts in general, and (iii) to discuss phonological contrasts in a wider context than is generally considered by looking also at the behaviour of geminate consonants in loanword phonology, speech processing, and language acquisition. This chapter explains how the fourteen chapters contribute to these goals.

Is there a Prehistory of Linguistics?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275
Author(s):  
Colin Renfrew ◽  
Theodora Bynon ◽  
Merritt Ruhlen ◽  
Aron Dolgopolsky ◽  
Peter Bellwood
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Related Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
Easy Answer ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Different Parts

There are few aspects of human behaviour more fundamental than our ability to use language. Language plays a key role in the study of any living human society, and of all historical communities which have left us written records. In theory it could also throw enormous light on the development and relationships of prehistoric human communities. But here there is a huge and obvious problem: what evidence can there be for human languages in the pre-literate, prehistoric age? In other words, what hope is therefor a prehistory of linguistics? There is no easy answer, yet it is hard to accept that any account of human prehistory can be considered adequate without some knowledge of prehistoric languages and linguistic relationships, if only at the broadest scale.The list of questions we might wish to pose stretches back to the period of the very earliest hominids. When did our human ancestors first begin to talk to each other? Was language acquisition sudden or gradual? Did human language arise in one place, and then spread and diversify from- that point? Or did it emerge independently, among separate groups of early humans in different parts of the world?Leading on from this is the study of ethnicity and ethnogenesis. Since the end of the nineteenth century one of the biggest problems facing prehistoric archaeologists has been the identification and interpretation of archaeological cultures and cultural groups. Do these have any social or ethnic reality? Is it right to speak of a Beaker ‘folk’? Was the Bandkeramik colonization the work of one people or of many? These questions would be so much easier to resolve if only we could trace the prehistory of languages, and could establish, for instance, whether all Bandkeramik and Beaker users spoke the same or a related language.Such possibilities may seem exciting and hopeful to some, irredeemably optimistic to others. Whatever view we take, they clearly merit serious discussion. In the present Viewpoint, our third in the series, we have asked five writers — two archaeologists (Renfrew & Bellwood), three linguists (Bynon, Ruhlen & Dolgopolsky) — to give their own, personal response to the key question ‘Is there a prehistory of linguistics?’ Can we, from the evidence of archaeology, linguistics (and now DNA studies), say anything positive about langtiage in prehistory?

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Gledhill ◽  
Julia Knight
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Film History ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Silent Cinema ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

This book examines film history with the goal of reframing it to accommodate new approaches to women's filmmaking. It brings together a wide range of case studies investigating women's work in cinema across its histories as they play out in different parts of the world from the pioneering days of silent cinema through recent developments in HD transmissions of live opera. It also tackles a range of conceptual and methodological questions about how to research women's film history—how, for example, to reconceptualize film history in order to locate the impact of women in that history. Furthermore, the book looks at the debates over relations among gender, aesthetics, and feminism. In this introduction, a number of interrelated themes and issues that can be grouped into four broad problematics are discussed: evidence and interpretation; feminist expectations of both contemporary and past women's filmmaking; the impact of women's film history on existing historical narratives and theories; and factors that determine the visibility of women's films and build audiences for them.

scholarly journals Studying Attitudes to Work Worldwide, 1500–1650: Concepts, Sources, and Problems of Interpretation

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (S19) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
New Work ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryThe period 1500–1650 was characterized by huge global transformations. These had a major impact on a wide range of societal forms and cultures. As a result, different work ethics clashed and formed hybrid combinations, and new work ethics came into being during many-sided confrontations. The question of how the labouring poor in different parts of the world experienced these changes in the context of their work is an extremely difficult one. The present essay attempts to define a number of key concepts (“work”, “attitude”); it evaluates critically the various sources which might give us an insight into attitudes to work; and it reflects on interpretative difficulties. The essay concludes by presenting a few substantive hypotheses.

Pleistocene Images outside Europe.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Bahn
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Different Parts

At first sight it may seem a pointless exercise to produce a survey of late Pleistocene ‘artistic activity’ around the world, but there are two specific aims involved here: first, to show that human beings in different parts of the world were producing ‘art’ at roughly the same time, i.e. from about 40,000 BC onward, and particularly at the end of the Pleistocene, from about 12,0000 BC, and second, to show that the well known Ice Age art of Europe is no longer unique, but part of a far more widespread phenomenon (Bahn 1987; Bahn and Vertut 1988, 26–32). The European art remains supreme in its quantity and its ‘quality’ (i.e. its realism and its wide range of techniques), but that situation may well alter in the next decade or two as new discoveries are made elsewhere and new dating methods are refined and extended.Ironically, the first clue to Pleistocene art outside Europe was found as long ago as 1870, only a few years after Edouard Lartet's and Henry Christy's discoveries in southern France were authenticated. Unfortunately, the object in question was badly published, and dis-appeared from 1895 until its rediscovery in 1956, and consequently very few works on Pleistocene art mention it. This mineralized sacrum of an extinct fossil camelid was found at Tequixquiac in the northern part of the central basin of Mexico. The bone is carved and engraved (two nostrils have been cut into the end) so as to represent the head of a pig-like or dog-like animal (pl. 18a). The circumstances of its discovery are unclear, but it is thought to be from a late Pleistocene bone bed, and to be at least 11,000 or 12,000 years old (Aveleyra 1965; Messmacher 1981,94). At present it is on exhibit in Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology.

Special Issue on the First World Bosai Forum

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233-1233
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Imamura ◽  
Yuichi Ono ◽  
Daisuke Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
First World

The World Bosai Forum was held at the Sendai International Center and Kawauchi Hagi Hall, Tohoku University, bringing together 947 participants from over 42 countries. This was nearly double the number of participants that we had initially expected. Proactive and meaningful discussions were held by a wide range of officials and experts from domestic and overseas industries, governments, academia, and private sectors, as well as by local citizens. From our partnership with the Asian Conference on Urban Disaster Reduction (ACUDR) and International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia (USMCA), we had a total of 126 participants. We successfully created a platform for building international cooperation to share and resolve the current situation and handle various challenges for Bosai or disaster risk reduction. Practical and effective discussions have contributed to raising and promoting awareness of Bosai and the Sendai Framework 2015–2030 to the world from Sendai. Our first World Bosai Forum was concluded with productive outcomes, and its future meetings will be held every 2 years. The guest editors of this special issue are pleased to publish valuable academic papers presented at the first World Bosai Forum. As you may notice, this research stems from a wide variety of current issues. The nature of interdisciplinary approaches may be unique to the World Bosai Forum, and the guest editors hope that this special issue will contribute to enhanced recognition of the Forum.

A checklist of Pontarachnidae (Acari: Hydrachnidia) and notes on distributional patterns of the species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4619 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-544
Author(s):  
TAPAS CHATTERJEE ◽  
NIKOLAOS V. SCHIZAS ◽  
VLADIMIR PEŠIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Dongsha Atoll ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Different Parts

A worldwide checklist of the pontarachnid mites is provided based on published reports and original data. A total of 53 valid species of pontarachnid mites have been compiled, of which the genus Pontarachna includes 30 species, while 23 species belong to the genus Litarachna. The highest number of species (n=16) is reported from the marine province Tropical West of the Pacific Ocean. A deutonymph of Litarachna triangularis is reported here from Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan. Patterns of endemism and seemingly incomplete species distributional records are the result of a lack of intensive faunistic surveys in different parts of the world. The taxonomy of Pontarachnid mites will be improved by the use of mite-specific sampling methods and the application of molecular phylogenetics.  

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Angiosperms: Aizoaceae): An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 590-599
Author(s):  
Anand Prakash ◽  
Pracheta Janmeda ◽  
Vinay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Ayurvedic Herb ◽  
Different Parts

Trianthema portulacastrum L. ( Biskhapra/ Horse purslane) is widely found in tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. This weed automatically spread in cultivated fields. From the ancient time it is used for curative purposes. The plant pertains wide range of applicability and henceforth used as an Ayurvedic herb. The decoction of this herb utilized as a vermifuge, antidote prepared from that helps in treating alcohol poisoning and leaves cure the wound. In the era of phytomedicines lot of work has been done related to its morphology, ethno-pharmacology, medicinal uses, phyto-chemistry and pharmacological properties. Various pharmacological properties like antimicrobial properties, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepato-protective activity makes this plant very renowned amongst researchers as they utilized it somewhat like a panacea. Different parts of plants are utilized for the therapeutic purposes and extract prepared in different solvents used in the treatment of various disorders. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide all inclusive information of this plant about its bioactive compounds and their pharmacologoical importance.

scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Language Prosody

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The World

This handbook presents detailed accounts of current research in all aspects of language prosody, with chapters written by leading experts from various disciplines. The last four decades have seen major theoretical and empirical breakthroughs in the field, many of them informed by interdisciplinary approaches, as reflected in this volume. Following an introductory chapter covering the fundamentals of language prosody research, Parts II and III explore prosody in speech production and in relation to linguistic structure. Part IV provides overviews of prosodic systems across the world, with case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Pacific, and the Americas. The chapters in Parts V, VI, and VII investigate prosody in communication, in language processing, and in language acquisition (respectively), while Part VIII examines prosody in technology and the arts.

Fostering Language Acquisition and Intercultural Competence Through Authentic Literary Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Blasina Cantizano
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Intercultural Communicative Competence ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Proposal ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Different Parts

Based on current theoretical foundations, this chapter discusses the advantages of using authentic literature in the EL classroom by providing a first approach to contemporary short stories written in English from different parts of the world. A practical proposal is also provided for language trainers: two multicultural short stories are shown as a means to develop both language acquisition and intercultural communicative competence at B1/B2 levels. The study shows that using authentic literary texts in the EL classroom will enable students not just to improve their reading skills and language input, but also to acquire cultural knowledge and develop critical thinking at the same time.

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