scholarly journals Studying Attitudes to Work Worldwide, 1500–1650: Concepts, Sources, and Problems of Interpretation

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (S19) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
New Work ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryThe period 1500–1650 was characterized by huge global transformations. These had a major impact on a wide range of societal forms and cultures. As a result, different work ethics clashed and formed hybrid combinations, and new work ethics came into being during many-sided confrontations. The question of how the labouring poor in different parts of the world experienced these changes in the context of their work is an extremely difficult one. The present essay attempts to define a number of key concepts (“work”, “attitude”); it evaluates critically the various sources which might give us an insight into attitudes to work; and it reflects on interpretative difficulties. The essay concludes by presenting a few substantive hypotheses.

scholarly journals Getting energy balance right in an obesogenic world

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernadette Moore ◽  
Christine Boesch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Currently the world is facing an incredibly costly epidemic of obesity. Almost two-thirds of UK adults are either overweight or obese with estimated financial costs to the UK economy alone of £27 billion per year. While fundamentally obesity is a disorder of energy balance, several decades of research has demonstrated that maintaining energy balance is much more complex than the ‘energy in equals energy out’ equation that was once touted. The purpose of the 2018 Nutrition Society Summer Conference, ‘Getting energy balance right’ was to provide insight into the numerous factors influencing energy balance, considering varying needs across the lifespan, while highlighting advances and gaps in knowledge. Papers presented in this issue illustrate the wide range of factors involved in maintaining energy balance, including: epigenetics, the gut microbiome, physical activity and dietary factors including sugar. Given the complexity of energy balance, systems approaches were highlighted as useful for both understanding metabolism and pathophysiology, and for understanding how public health interventions to treat and prevent obesity should be implemented. The meeting concluded that numerous stakeholders, from individuals, to schools, industry and government, have roles to play in fostering a positive food environment that facilitates the maintenance of energy balance throughout the lifespan.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Gledhill ◽  
Julia Knight
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Film History ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Silent Cinema ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

This book examines film history with the goal of reframing it to accommodate new approaches to women's filmmaking. It brings together a wide range of case studies investigating women's work in cinema across its histories as they play out in different parts of the world from the pioneering days of silent cinema through recent developments in HD transmissions of live opera. It also tackles a range of conceptual and methodological questions about how to research women's film history—how, for example, to reconceptualize film history in order to locate the impact of women in that history. Furthermore, the book looks at the debates over relations among gender, aesthetics, and feminism. In this introduction, a number of interrelated themes and issues that can be grouped into four broad problematics are discussed: evidence and interpretation; feminist expectations of both contemporary and past women's filmmaking; the impact of women's film history on existing historical narratives and theories; and factors that determine the visibility of women's films and build audiences for them.

Pleistocene Images outside Europe.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Bahn
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Different Parts

At first sight it may seem a pointless exercise to produce a survey of late Pleistocene ‘artistic activity’ around the world, but there are two specific aims involved here: first, to show that human beings in different parts of the world were producing ‘art’ at roughly the same time, i.e. from about 40,000 BC onward, and particularly at the end of the Pleistocene, from about 12,0000 BC, and second, to show that the well known Ice Age art of Europe is no longer unique, but part of a far more widespread phenomenon (Bahn 1987; Bahn and Vertut 1988, 26–32). The European art remains supreme in its quantity and its ‘quality’ (i.e. its realism and its wide range of techniques), but that situation may well alter in the next decade or two as new discoveries are made elsewhere and new dating methods are refined and extended.Ironically, the first clue to Pleistocene art outside Europe was found as long ago as 1870, only a few years after Edouard Lartet's and Henry Christy's discoveries in southern France were authenticated. Unfortunately, the object in question was badly published, and dis-appeared from 1895 until its rediscovery in 1956, and consequently very few works on Pleistocene art mention it. This mineralized sacrum of an extinct fossil camelid was found at Tequixquiac in the northern part of the central basin of Mexico. The bone is carved and engraved (two nostrils have been cut into the end) so as to represent the head of a pig-like or dog-like animal (pl. 18a). The circumstances of its discovery are unclear, but it is thought to be from a late Pleistocene bone bed, and to be at least 11,000 or 12,000 years old (Aveleyra 1965; Messmacher 1981,94). At present it is on exhibit in Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic characterization and evolution of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks by P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largly unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were perforemd to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The P[9] strains could be divided into five lineages, and that the common ancestor of currently circulating P[9] strains is around 168 years old. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the ancestor of the current P[9] strain is relatively recent.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of the VP4 gene of P[9] rotaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnali Ahmed ◽  
Takaaki Yahiro ◽  
Nor Amalina Emran ◽  
Lia Natasha Amit ◽  
Hidekatsu Iha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Objectives: Rotavirus is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age and is responsible for over 200,000 deaths annually. Rotavirus can evolve by reassortment, in which gene segments are exchanged between strains of different origins. Rotavirus strains with the P[9] genotype is an example of reassortment, in which the P[9] genotype is from feline species. A number of outbreaks associated with P[9] strains have been documented in several countries. However, details regarding the epidemiological relationships between the strains remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the present study, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were performed to gain insight into P[9] strains circulating in different parts of the world. Results: The VP4 gene of the P[9] strains could be divided into six lineages, and P[9] strains characterized in this study share a common ancestor that circulated in circa 1864. In each lineage, the strains were not only from different countries, but also from different continents. These findings suggest that none of the lineages has a specific region of distribution, and although humans have had interactions with cats for thousands of years, the common ancestor of the VP4 gene of the current P[9] strains is relatively recent.

Demarketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Pinaz Tiwari ◽  
Snigdha Kainthola ◽  
Nimit Ranjan Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

Ensuring sustainability at a tourist destination is a challenge which is faced by many nations. The challenge compounds since short term monetary gains often blind the desire for sustainable development. The term overtourism has gained popularity during the last few years as instances of anti-tourism reactions have been reported from several cities like Venice, Shimla, Barcelona, etc. An acceptable solution for countering overtourism has not yet been found because of the subjectivity and complexity of the situation. This chapter focuses on deconstructing the situation of overtourism in different parts of the world and how de-marketing can be used as one of the strategies for sustainable tourism. It shows the demarketing structure in marketing framework by modifying the 5As of tourism. It also shows the marketing mix framework within the domain of demarketing. It provides an insight into the role of de-marketing in striking a balance between the interests of local communities and stakeholders on one hand and enhancing the tourist experience at a destination on the other.

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Angiosperms: Aizoaceae): An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 590-599
Author(s):  
Anand Prakash ◽  
Pracheta Janmeda ◽  
Vinay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Ayurvedic Herb ◽  
Different Parts

Trianthema portulacastrum L. ( Biskhapra/ Horse purslane) is widely found in tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. This weed automatically spread in cultivated fields. From the ancient time it is used for curative purposes. The plant pertains wide range of applicability and henceforth used as an Ayurvedic herb. The decoction of this herb utilized as a vermifuge, antidote prepared from that helps in treating alcohol poisoning and leaves cure the wound. In the era of phytomedicines lot of work has been done related to its morphology, ethno-pharmacology, medicinal uses, phyto-chemistry and pharmacological properties. Various pharmacological properties like antimicrobial properties, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepato-protective activity makes this plant very renowned amongst researchers as they utilized it somewhat like a panacea. Different parts of plants are utilized for the therapeutic purposes and extract prepared in different solvents used in the treatment of various disorders. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide all inclusive information of this plant about its bioactive compounds and their pharmacologoical importance.

The Phonetics and Phonology of Geminate Consonants

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Loanword Phonology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Phonological Contrasts ◽  
Different Parts

Geminate consonants, also known as long consonants, appear in many languages in the world, and how they contrast with their short counterparts, or singletons (e.g. /tt/ vs. /t/), is an important topic that features in most linguistics and phonology textbooks. However, neither their phonetic manifestation nor their phonological nature is fully understood, much less their cross-linguistic similarities and differences. As the first volume specifically devoted to the phonetics and phonology of geminate consonants, this book aims to bring together novel, original data and analyses concerning many individual languages in different parts of the world, to present a wide range of perspectives for the study of phonological contrasts in general by introducing various experimental (acoustic, perceptual, physiological, and electrophysiological) and non-experimental methodologies, and to discuss phonological contrasts in a wider context than is generally considered by looking also at the behaviour of geminate consonants in loanword phonology and language acquisition. Studying geminate consonants requires interdisciplinary approaches including experimental phonetics (acoustics and speech perception), theoretical phonology, speech processing, neurolinguistics, and language acquisition. Providing phonetic and phonological details about geminate consonants across languages will greatly contribute to research in these fields.

The Potential for High-Value Animal Fibre Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Angus Russel
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Animal Resources ◽  
Different Parts

Consumers in developed countries are now more fashion-conscious than ever before. At the same time they are discriminating against synthetic fabrics manufactured from non-renewable resources and are demanding fashionable knitwear and woven garments made from high-quality natural fibre. This demand, together with the need for diversification of livestock production in developed countries and the hitherto untapped animal resources of many developing nations, offers a unique opportunity for the production of high-value animal fibre from a wide range of natural resources in many different parts of the world.

Reports and Surveys

Robotica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
International Federation ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Joint Report

The statistics provided by the United Nations Economic Commission (ECE) and the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) supply us with an up-to-date insight into the world robot market. This joint report tells us a great deal about the technological evolution of industrial robots since their introduction at the end of the 1960s. We know that real prices have declined, and the performance of robots is continuously improving. Robots are now in use in a wide range of applications in countries worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document