The Cultural Red Queen and the Cultural Red King

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-162
Author(s):  
Cailin O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Red Queen ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Resulting Effect ◽  
Group Members

When cultural groups evolve, or adapt, at different rates, or more generally show asymmetric levels of reactivity towards each other, we can observe a cultural Red King effect. This occurs when a minority group ends up disadvantaged simply by virtue of their size. When a minority group interacts with a majority group, minority types meet out-group members much more often than majority types do by dint of the size differences between the groups. As a result the minority group will learn to interact with the majority more quickly, often leading to a bargaining disadvantage. As this chapter shows, the resulting effect is analogous to one that can occur between coevolving biological species. The chapter explores this effect and where it might matter to real-world bargaining. In addition, the chapter looks at the possibility of a cultural Red King in intersectional populations.

scholarly journals Interethnic Relations in a Changing Political Context

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Katarzyna Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Multiple Groups

The aim of this study was to examine evaluations of multiple groups by both ethnic majority-group (Dutch) and minority-group (Turkish-Dutch) members during a turbulent political period in the Netherlands, marked by the rapid rise and subsequent decline of a new-rightist, populist movement. The analysis of cross-sectional data from three periods (2001 to 2003) showed clear changes in these evaluations. As expected, both the Dutch and the Turkish participants showed higher ingroup identification and ingroup evaluation in 2002 than in 2001 and 2003. In addition, in 2002 the Dutch participants evaluated the Islamic outgroups (Turks and Moroccans) more negatively, whereas their evaluation of other ethnic minority groups did not differ across the three years. In contrast, Turkish participants evaluated all ethnic outgroups, including the Dutch and the Moroccans, more negatively in 2002. We conclude that it is important to study ethnic relations across time, in relation to political circumstances, from the perspective of both majority- and minority-group members, and in relation to different ethnic outgroups.

scholarly journals National Identification and Intergroup Attitudes Among Members of the National Majority and Immigrants: Preliminary Evidence for the Mediational Role of Psychological Ownership of a Country

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asteria Brylka ◽  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
National Identification ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we examined whether psychological ownership of the country one lives in (in this case, Finland) mediates the relationship between national identification and intergroup attitudes among majority and minority group members (N = 647; Finns, n = 334, Russian-speaking immigrants, n = 313). Consistent with our predictions, both majority group members and immigrants whose national identification was strong experienced greater psychological ownership of Finland; as expected, this relationship was more pronounced among majority group members. Higher psychological ownership, in turn, was associated with less positive attitudes towards Russian-speaking immigrants among majority Finns but more positive attitudes towards Finns among immigrants. The findings also showed that among immigrants, the relationship between national identification and psychological ownership is likely to be reciprocal, with national identification similarly mediating the association between psychological ownership and attitudes towards members of the national group. No support for such reciprocity between national identification and psychological ownership was found among members of the majority group.

scholarly journals Diversity in health care institutions reduces Israeli patients’ prejudice toward Arabs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2022634118
Author(s):  
Chagai M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Prejudice Reduction ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Diversity in the lines of public institutions, such as hospitals, schools, and police forces, is thought to improve provision for minority group members. Nonetheless, whether and how diversity in public institutions shapes majority citizens’ prejudice toward minorities are unclear. Building on insights from the intergroup contact literature, I suggest that diversity in public institutions can facilitate positive intergroup contact between majority group members and minorities in elevated social positions. Such unique interactions, which exceed the equal status condition for effective intergroup contact, can serve to reduce prejudice and facilitate more inclusive attitudes among majority group members. To test this expectation, I focus on health care provision—a leading sector with regard to minority representation. Leveraging a natural experiment unfolding in 21 Israeli medical clinics where Jewish patients are haphazardly assigned to receive care from Jewish or Arab doctors and embedding prejudice-related questions in a routine evaluation survey, I demonstrate that brief contact with an Arab doctor reduces prejudice. Specifically, contact with an Arab doctor reduces Jewish patients’ exclusionary preferences toward Arabs by one-sixth of an SD and increases Jewish patients’ optimism about peace by a 10th of an SD. The modest magnitude of these effects is similar to the impact of well-powered interventions recently reviewed in a meta-analysis of prejudice reduction experiments. These findings emphasize how the demographic makeup of public institutions can reduce mass prejudice, even in a context of intractable conflict.

scholarly journals Conceptions of National Identity and Opposition to Bicultural Policies in New Zealand: A Comparison of Majority and Minority Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran ◽  
Chris G Sibley
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Nationally Representative

Using a nationally representative sample, the present research tested whether conceptions of national identity differentially predicted attitudes toward bicultural policies among New Zealanders of European, Māori, Asian, and Pacific descent. A series of multi-group structural equation models revealed that among members of the majority group and all minority groups, endorsement of a civic conception of national identity (i.e., respecting political institutions and laws) was related to opposition to resource policies, but such a relationship was especially strong among the majority group. By contrast, endorsement of an ethnic conception of national identity (i.e., having Māori or European ancestry) was related to support for resource and symbolic policies among minority group members, but to opposition to the same policies among the majority group. The present work documents that belonging to a majority vs. minority group moderates the relations between conceptions of national identity (civic vs. ethnic) and support or opposition to specific bicultural policies. In addition, some elements of civic conceptions of national identity may legitimize inequalities rather than reduce them.

How Do Multiracial and Monoracial People Categorize Multiracial Faces?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
Maria Iankilevitch ◽  
Lindsey A. Cary ◽  
Jessica D. Remedios ◽  
Alison L. Chasteen
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Response Formats ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Multiracial Faces

Due to their awareness of multiraciality and their perceptions of race categories as fluid, multiracial individuals may be unique in how they racially categorize multiracial faces. Yet race categorization research has largely overlooked how multiracial individuals categorize other mixed-race people. We therefore asked Asian, White, and multiracial individuals to categorize Asian-White faces using an open-ended response format, which more closely mirrors real-world race categorizations than forced-choice response formats. Our results showed that perceivers from all three racial groups tended to categorize Asian-White faces as monoracial Asian, White, or Hispanic. However, multiracial perceivers categorized the Asian-White faces as multiracial more often than monoracial perceivers did. Our findings suggest that multiracial individuals may approach racial categorization differently from either monoracial majority or minority group members. Furthermore, our results illustrate possible difficulties multiracial people may face when trying to identify other multiracial in-group members.

scholarly journals The Missing Side of Acculturation: How Majority-Group Members Relate to Immigrant and Minority-Group Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Group Members

In many countries, individuals who have represented the majority group historically are decreasing in relative size and/or perceiving that they have diminished status and power compared to those identifying as immigrants or members of ethnic minority groups. These developments raise several salient and timely issues including: (a) how majority-group members’ cultural orientations change as a consequence of increasing intercultural contact due to shifting demographics; (b) what individual, group, cultural and socio-structural processes shape these changes; and (c) the implications of majority-group members’ acculturation. Although research across several decades has examined the acculturation of individuals identifying as minority-group members, much less is known about how majority-group members acculturate in increasingly diverse societies. We present an overview of the state of the art in the emerging field of majority-group acculturation, identify what is known and needs to be known, and introduce a conceptual model guiding future research.

scholarly journals Boundaries of American Identity: Relations between Ethnic Group Prototypicality and Policy Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Que-Lam Huynh ◽  
Thierry Devos
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Instrumental Function ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Group Members

We sought to document that the extent to which different ethnic groups are perceived as embodying the American identity is more strongly linked to anti-minority policy attitudes and acculturation ideologies among majority group members (European Americans) than among minority group members (Asian Americans or Latino/as). Participants rated 13 attributes of the American identity as they pertain to different ethnic groups, and reported their endorsement of policy attitudes and acculturation ideologies. We found a relative consensus across ethnic groups regarding defining components of the American identity. However, European Americans were perceived as more prototypical of this American identity than ethnic minorities, especially by European American raters. Moreover, for European Americans but not for ethnic minorities, relative ingroup prototypicality was related to anti-minority policy attitudes and acculturation ideologies. These findings suggest that for European Americans, perceptions of ethnic group prototypicality fulfill an instrumental function linked to preserving their group interests and limiting the rights afforded to ethnic minorities.

scholarly journals The selection gap in teacher education: Adverse effects of ethnicity, gender, and socio-economic status on situational judgment test performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bardach ◽  
Jade V. Rushby ◽  
Robert Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Teacher Selection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members

Background: Situational judgment tests (SJTs) measure non-cognitive attributes and have recently drawn attention as a selection method for initial teacher education programs. To date, very little is known about adverse impact in teacher selection SJT performance.Aims: This study aimed to shed light on adverse effects of gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status (SES) on SJT scores, by exploring both main effects and interactions, and considering both overall SJT performance and separate SJT domain scores (mindset, emotion regulation, and conscientiousness).Sample: A total of 2,808 prospective teachers completed the SJTs as part of the initial stage of selection into a teacher education program.Methods: In addition to SJT scores, the variables gender (female vs. male), ethnicity (majority group vs. minority group), and home SES background (higher SES status vs. lower SES status) were used in the analyses. Regression models and moderated regression models were employed.Results and conclusions: Results from the regression models revealed that gender effects (females scoring higher than males) were restricted to emotion regulation, while ethnicity effects (ethnic majority group members scoring higher than ethnic minority group members) emerged for SJT overall scores and all three domains. Moderated regression modelling results furthermore showed significant interactions (gender and ethnicity) for SJT overall scores and two domains. Considering the importance of reducing subgroup differences in selection test scores to ensure equal access to teacher education, this study’s findings are a critical contribution. The partially differentiated results for overall vs. domain-specific scores point towards the promise of applying a domain-level perspective in research on teacher selection SJTs.

Stereotypen van etnische minderheden, verbondenheid met de eigen groep, assimilatie en integratie

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke Vrugt ◽  
Alexis Salin ◽  
Semra Room
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

Stereotypes of ethnic minorities, attachment to their own group, assimilation and integration Stereotypes of ethnic minorities, attachment to their own group, assimilation and integration A. Vrugt, A. Salin & S. Room, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, September 2007, nr. 3, pp. 260-271 The present research investigated which stereotypical characteristics Dutch ethnic minority group members, based on their cultural background, attributed to their own social group and to the ethnic Dutch majority. Further it was studied to what extent the assignment of these stereotypical characteristics was related to the attachment to their own group, and whether the attachment to their own group was related to their view on integration and assimilation. The results showed that minority group participants found positive stereotypical features that are derived from collectivistic values, more characteristic of their own group than of the Dutch majority. By contrast, negative stereotypical features, being deviant from collectivistic values, were considered as more characteristic of the majority group. Furthermore, it was found that the minority group participants felt more attached to their own group than did the majority group participants. This attachment was related to the negative stereotypical features that minority group participants regarded as characteristic of the majority. Moreover, this attachment mediated the relationship between negative stereotypical features attributed to the majority and a negative view on assimilation. The implications of these results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document