Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Stock
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Argumentative Strategy ◽  
Philosophy Of Fiction ◽  
Fictional Truth

The author’s argumentative strategy for the book is introduced, and situated methodologically. An explanation follows that in the first half of this book a theory of fictional content known as ‘extreme intentionalism’ is proffered, with the argument that it should be taken very seriously as an adequate account of fictional truth. Some critics of the theory are canvassed and extreme intentionalism is differentiated from certain other positions with which it might be confused. It is then indicated how, in the second half of the book, it will be shown that extreme intentionalism and the lessons learnt from it can illuminate cognate questions in the philosophy of fiction and imagination. The author’s aim in this book is explained as being to construct three complementary explanatory theories simultaneously, one about fictional truth, one about fictional content, and one about imagination. In each case the methodological approach employed is distinguished from that of straightforward conceptual analysis. Finally, several advantages of the proposed approach are pointed out.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Rita Der Sarkissian ◽  
Anas Dabaj ◽  
Youssef Diab ◽  
Marc Vuillet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Offer ◽  
Hurricane Irma ◽  
Operational Aspects

A limited number of studies in the scientific literature discuss the “Build-Back-Better” (BBB) critical infrastructure (CI) concept. Investigations of its operational aspects and its efficient implementation are even rarer. The term “Better” in BBB is often confusing to practitioners and leads to unclear and non-uniform objectives for guiding accurate decision-making. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a conceptual analysis of BBB’s operational aspects by examining the term “Better”. In its methodological approach, this study evaluates the state of Saint-Martin’s CI before and after Hurricane Irma and, accordingly, reveals the indicators to assess during reconstruction projects. The proposed methods offer practitioners a guidance tool for planning efficient BBB CI projects or for evaluating ongoing programs through the established BBB evaluation grid. Key findings of the study offer insights and a new conceptual equation of the BBB CI by revealing the holistic and interdisciplinary connotations behind the term “Better” CI: “Build-Back-resilient”, “Build-Back-sustainable”, and “Build-Back-accessible to all and upgraded CI”. The proposed explanations can facilitate the efficient application of BBB for CI by operators, stakeholders, and practitioners and can help them to contextualize the term “Better” with respect to their area and its CI systems.

scholarly journals “Happy slaves”? The adaptation problem and identity politics in the writings of Amartya Sen

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1193
Author(s):  
Tony Burns
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Amartya Sen’s notion of adaptation and his views on identity politics by focussing on the issue of slavery and, more specifically, on the example of the happy or contented slave. Design/methodology/approach The paper is text based. The methodological approach adopted is that of conceptual analysis, as is typical for work of this kind. Findings The paper concludes that the example of the happy or contented slave is indeed a fruitful one for those interested in exploring the relationship between Sen’s views on “the adaptation problem” and his views on identity politics, especially in relation to the subjection of women. Here Sen’s debt to the ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill is particularly important. Research limitations/implications One implication of the argument of the paper is that there is a need to consider more carefully the differences that exist between the views of Wollstonecraft and Mill, so far as the example of the happy or contented slave is concerned. Practical implications One practical implication of the paper is that, hopefully, it establishes the continued relevance of the ideas of thinkers such as Wollstonecraft and Mill today, not least because of the influence that they have had on theoreticians such as Amartya Sen. Social implications The paper addresses issues which are of considerable social and political significance, especially for women in underdeveloped societies today. Originality/value The example of the happy or contented slave has not received much discussion in the literature on Sen, although Sen himself has suggested that the distinction between happiness and contentment is an important one, which does merit further discussion.

The Language of Fiction

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
New Research ◽  
Fictional Names ◽  
Philosophy Of Fiction ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Literary Techniques ◽  
Fictional Story ◽  
Fictional Truth

The Language of Fiction brings together new research on fiction from philosophy and linguistics. Fiction is a topic that has long been studied in philosophy. Yet recently there has been a surge of work on fictional discourse in the intersection between linguistics and philosophy of language. There has been a growing interest in examining long-standing issues concerning fiction from a perspective informed both by philosophy and linguistic theory. The Language of Fiction contains fourteen essays by leading scholars in both fields, as well as a substantial Introduction by the editors. The collection is organized in three parts, each with their own introduction. Part I, “Truth, reference, and imagination”, offers new, interdisciplinary perspectives on some of the central themes from the philosophy of fiction: What is fictional truth? How do fictional names refer? What kind of speech act is involved in telling a fictional story? What is the relation between fiction and imagination? Part II, “Storytelling”, deals with themes originating from the study of narrative: How do we infer a coherent story from a sequence of event descriptions? And how do we interpret the words of impersonal or unreliable narrators? Part III, “Perspective shift”, zooms in on an alleged key characteristic of fictional narratives, viz. the way we get access to the fictional characters’ inner lives, through a variety of literary techniques for representing what they say, think, or see.

scholarly journals A discussion frame for explaining records that are based on algorithmic output

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Herbjørn Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to raise attention within the records management community about evolving demands for explanations that make it possible to understand the content of records, also when they reflect output from algorithms. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach is a conceptual analysis based in records management theory and the philosophy of science. The concepts that are developed are thereafter applied to “the right to an explanation” and “an algorithmic ethics approach,” respectively, to further examine their viability. Findings Different forms of explanations, ranging from “certain” explanations to predictions, as well as varying degrees of control over the input data to algorithms, affect the nature of the explanations and what kinds of records the explanations may reside in. Originality/value This paper contributes to a conceptual frame for discussing where explanations to algorithms may be documented, within different kinds of records, emanating from different kinds of processes.

scholarly journals Kenneth Himma’s metaphysical conceptualism as inclusive legal positivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Ogleznev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
Legal Concepts

This article is an introduction to a very original legal theory developed by a contemporary American legal scholar Kenneth Einar Himma. His theory can be conditionally called as Metaphysical Conceptualism, this fully corresponds to both his methodological approach (conceptual analysis and metaphysics of the properties of legal concepts) and the claims he defends. The analysis proposed by Himma made a great theoretical contribution to the discussion of the intersection of morality and law and brought the discussion between inclusive and exclusive legal positivism to a new qualitative level. And although his theory is not without flaws, it is certainly of serious scientific interest for understanding the current state of discussions about law and morality.

scholarly journals Corporate control: The root causes of reworks in the construction of projects.

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Mellania Maseko Chipo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

The root causes of reworks generally continue to be overlooked, despite the fact that reworks regularly cause corporate budgets to be exceeded by more than 12.4 %. Reworks is a recurring problem which companies are gradually losing control of and as a result contributes to time and cost overruns, thereby bringing adverse effects on project performance. To improve corporate performance and control it is, therefore, necessary to identify the root causes of reworks in construction projects. This article explores the root causes of reworks on construction projects with reference to South Africa. The desktop methodological approach was adopted based on scholarly articles to ascertain root causes of reworks. Following a conceptual analysis on corporates, thirty-five causes of reworks were, identified and categorized into five main categories namely client-related, design-related, site management-related, subcontractor-related and transporter-related. Client-related category had the most factors causing reworks. From this category, wrong communication was the factor identified to cause most of the reworks. Finding suggests the need for further empirical study. This finding contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the root causes of reworks. This can eventually improve corporate control and performance by providing practitioners with an in-depth understanding of reworks.

The Concept of Disorder Revisited: Robustly Value-Laden Despite Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
I—Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Our concept of disorder is changing. This causes problems for projects of descriptive conceptual analysis. Conceptual change means that a criterion that was necessary for a condition to be a disorder at one time may cease to be necessary a relatively short time later. Nevertheless, some conceptually based claims will be fairly robust. In particular, the claim that no adequate account of disorder can appeal only to biological facts can be maintained for the foreseeable future. This is because our current concept of disorder continues to be laden with ethical and political values in multiple ways.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

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