Emerging food and nutrition security challenges in Central Asia—implications for BRICS and emerging economies

Nutrition Security ◽

Central Asian ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Critical Issues

In the last two decades, Central Asia has gone through several transitions in institutions and governance, each with consequences for the agricultural sectors in the region. Since their independence, the five countries Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, have made considerable progress towards increasing domestic food production. However, food security in the region is still threatened by major geopolitical and socio-economic challenges. Lack of support from institutions to advance farming has resulted in the low level of food security in the region. Lack of research and extension of support to farmers and low capacity for designing evidence-based policies are major challenges to the region’s food security. This chapter identifies critical issues and challenges faced by Central Asian countries for attaining short-term and long-term food and nutrition security, and the implications for BRICS and other emerging economies.

“Now we’ve all turned to Eating Processed Foods”: A Photovoice Study of the Food and Nutrition Security Implications of ‘Galamsey’ in Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-832447/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong ◽

Aaron Kobina Christian ◽

John Ganle ◽

Richmond Aryeetey

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Primary Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Mining Communities ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Abstract Background: Small-scale mining, referred to as galamsey in Ghana, is an important source of income for many rural populations. Although concerns have been raised in the media about the significant threats galamsey poses to the environment, and human health and livelihoods, there is a representational paucity of evidence regarding its links with local food systems, particularly from the perspective of affected mining communities. The current study explored community perceptions and experiences of galamsey and its perceived effects on food security and livelihoods in the East Akyem Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Methods: Primary data was collected in the East Akim District of Ghana, using photography, interviews based on the photographs, and a photo exhibition, all conducted . Thirty-six male and female adults were purposively selected with the help of a community focal person and advertisements in the study community. Respondents participants in a one-day photography training and thereafter, deployed to take at least fifteen photos that portray the effect of galamsey on food security and health. Subsequently, each participant was asked to selected five of the photographs and to explain the image and why they captured that in the photo. A photo exhibition was held to facilitate community conversation and perspectives on the effects of galamsey on food and nutrition security. Results: Galamsey has resulted in degradation of, otherwise, fertile agricultural land, and contamination of freshwater sources. As a consequence, there is reduced cultivable land, reduced crop production, shortage of essential staple foods, increase in food price, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. There is also perception of increased exposure to heavy metals like mercury in locally-produced food. Conclusions: Given the adverse health consequences of both food and nutrition insecurity, and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions to minimize the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in mining communities.

Examining the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on food security and job losses: A case of Kumasi, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-992274/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Adusei

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Time Range ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 and partial lockdown has brought significant effects on the entire economy, especially on food security and job losses. This study was carried out in Asokwa Municipal with the objective of examining the impact of COVID-19 disease and its related lockdown on food and nutrition security and job losses. The study site form part of the cities in Ghana to experience the partial lockdown, hence it qualifies for the selection. Both primary and secondary data were used. By means of purposive sampling technique, fifty respondents were selected as sample size. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive and narrative posture to the presentation, discussion and analysis of data. Open-ended questionnaire and a checklist were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that, food and nutrition insecurity, job loss and income reductions are still very common, affecting participants livelihood. Disproportionally affected are households whose income comes from farming, transporters, informal labour, as well as marketers.It was concluded that food insecurity is not outside the impact of COVID-19 and its associated partial lockdown. Food and nutrition security are the global concern at present circumstances. The supply chain has been hit hardest by COVID-19, which causes food insecurity of most vulnerable segment of population which put them at risk. And also, most of the migrant, informal, seasonal farm workers were losing their jobs which may affect their demand for food. Therefore, the government should step-up the measures to control the pandemic without disturbing the food supply chain. The development and use of online marketing strategies where people can make orders of various produce and booked for purchases and or deliveries during a stated time range should be promoted.

Food and Nutrition Security in Rural Bihar: Dimensions and Determinants

Social Change ◽

10.1177/00490857211034492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 396-419

Author(s):

Swati Dutta ◽

Sunil Kumar Mishra

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Distribution System ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Food Prices ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

The level of food diversity in any household is an indicator of its healthy dietary habits. It depends on demographic and socio-economic conditions, geographic location, consumption habits and expenditure, cultural practices, income, food prices and the availability, access and utilisation of food. Against this backdrop, our study analyses the pattern of food consumption, dietary diversity, food frequency and the Recommended Dietary Allowance in 12 villages located in 6 districts of Bihar to understand the socio-economic determinants of a household’s food security. The results show that the diversity of food consumption is mainly dependent on the consumption of cereals across various socio-economic classes. Our analysis also emphasises the importance of schemes like the Public Distribution System which has a positive influence on food security outcomes of a household. The logistic regression results show that if the household belongs to the richest consumption class, with better education levels and more salaried members, then the probability of better food and nutrition security is high. In contrast, the low social status of a household, especially those from a Scheduled Caste background, will reveal reduced household food security.

Lessons from support given to the implementation of food security programmes in over 100 countries: the feasibility of integrated food and nutrition security (F&NS) approaches.

Improving diets and nutrition: food-based approaches ◽

10.1079/9781780642994.0362 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 362-370

Author(s):

B. Thompson ◽

L. Amoroso

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Factors Associated with Household Food Security in Zambia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092715 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2715 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

William Nkomoki ◽

Miroslava Bavorová ◽

Jan Banout

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Household Head ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Household Food ◽

Food security is a global challenge and threatens mainly smallholder farmers in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to determine factors that are associated with food security in Zambia. This study utilizes the household questionnaire survey dataset of 400 smallholder farmers in four districts conducted in southern Zambia in 2016. To measure food security, the study employs two food security indicators, namely the food consumption score (FCS) and the household hunger scale (HHS). Two ordered probit models are estimated with the dependent variables FCS and HHS. Both the FCS and HHS models’ findings reveal that higher education levels of household head, increasing livestock income, secure land tenure, increasing land size, and group membership increase the probability of household food and nutrition security. The results imply that policies supporting livestock development programs such as training of farmers in animal husbandry, as well as policies increasing land tenure security and empowerment of farmers groups, have the potential to enhance household food and nutrition security.

HUMANIZATION OF INFORMATION SPACE IN THE ASPECT OF ENSURING THE BIOLOGICAL, FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/7759 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 73-75

Author(s):

Юнусов ◽

Rauf Yunusov

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Food Security ◽

The State ◽

Information Space ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Regulatory Authorities ◽

Role Of The State ◽

The article presents the importance of information technology in the biological and food security of the country. It reveals the role of the state federal regulatory authorities in its provision.

Food and nutrition security under global trade: a relation-driven agent-based global trade model

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.201587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 201587

Author(s):

Jiaqi Ge ◽

J. Gareth Polhill ◽

Jennie I. Macdiarmid ◽

Nuala Fitton ◽

Pete Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Global Trade ◽

Agent Based ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Trade Model ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

The Impact

This paper addresses the highly relevant and timely issues of global trade and food security by developing an empirically grounded, relation-driven agent-based global trade model. Contrary to most price-driven trade models in the literature, the relation-driven agent-based global trade model focuses on the role of relational factors such as trust, familiarity, trade history and conflicts in countries' trade behaviour. Moreover, the global trade model is linked to a comprehensive nutrition formula to investigate the impact of trade on food and nutrition security, including macro and micronutrients. Preliminary results show that global trade improves the food and nutrition security of countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Trade also promotes a healthier and more balanced diet, as countries have access to an increased variety of food. The effect of trade in enhancing nutrition security, with an adequate supply of macro and micronutrients, is universal across nutrients and countries. As researchers call for a holistic and multifactorial approach to food security and climate change (Hammond and Dubé 2012 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109 , 12 356–12 363. ( doi:10.1073/pnas.0913003109 )), the paper is one of the first to develop an integrated framework that consists of socio-economic, geopolitical, nutrition, environmental and agri-food systems to tackle these global challenges. Given the ongoing events of Brexit, the US–China trade war and the global COVID-19 pandemic, the paper will provide valuable insights on the role of trade in improving the food and nutrition security across countries.

ANALISIS SITUASI PANGAN DAN GIZI UNTUK PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN OPERASIONAL KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN GIZI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2008.3.3.233-238 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Tabrani Mahfi ◽

Budi Setiawan ◽

Yayuk Farida Baliwati

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Actual Condition ◽

Policy Recommendation ◽

Font Size ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

The objectives of this research were: 1) to know the situation of food and nutrition security in West Lampung District, 2) to know the strategic circumstance of food security, and 3) to formulate operational policy recommendation for food and nutrition security in West Lampung District. The primary data was obtained by interview and questionnaire filling in order to formulate alternatives of food security operational policy in West Lampung District. The secondary data was used to know the actual condition of food and nutrition security by using descriptive analysis and to formulate strategic circumstance of food security by using SWOT analysis. The result of the study showed that the situation of food security based on availability, shown by energy availability was 140% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for energy (2 200 kcal/capita/day), while the protein availability was 74.28 gram/capita/day. The consumption in West Lampung District reached 95.6% of RDA for energy in quantity, but only reaches Desirable Dietary Pattern Score 78.8 in quality. The strategic circumstance of food security in West Lampung District was categorized in quadrant II (supporting diversification strategy). Thus, the first priority of policy recommendation is development of human resource.

Beyond Macroeconomics of Food and Nutrition Security

International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management ◽

10.4018/ijsem.2018010102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ion Raluca Andreea

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

The People ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Food Security And Nutrition

This article aims to highlight what macroeconomics hides beyond the statistical data in respect to food and nutrition security in Romania, in the attempt to answer the question whether both food security and nutrition security have been achieved. The need of pursuing such an issue has emerged from the fact that we know too little about nutrition security, although there is a strong evidence base providing reliable information on food security. The main findings reveal that hardly all the people have economic access to safe, sufficient, nutritious food, that 15.3 percent live on less than $2.9 a day, while the average food consumption fits into a budget of $3.28 a day. People earning $2.9 a day have limited dietary choices; consequently, special scenarios for their diets have been worked out. The relevance of this article lies in its capacity to bring a clearer understanding of the links between food security and nutrition and to emphasize, in the end, that nutrition is a significant driver of food security.

The contributions of wild tree resources to food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan African drylands: a review of the pathways and beneficiaries

International Forestry Review ◽

10.1505/146554820828671490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 64-82

Author(s):

C.K. Koffi ◽

A. Lourme-Ruiz ◽

H. Djoudi ◽

E. Bouquet ◽

S. Dury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Causal Pathways ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Wild Tree ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Food And Nutritional Security

Wild tree resources are known to play an important role in local stakeholders' livelihoods particularly in the food and nutrition security of people living in semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, this article examines the relative importance of the contributions of tree resources to food and nutrition security for rural households, while considering alternative causal pathways. The main conclusions of the review are that most studies provide useful evidence on specific contributions of tree products to food and nutritional security, and for whom. However, detailed data on the actual contribution of tree products are still lacking. In addition, we argue that the concept of access as a pillar of food security is not sophisticated enough to understand the landscape dynamics and the socio-economic relations at the nexus of food security and rights of access. Links are needed to better understand the underlying processes in the definition of each stakeholder's rights of access to tree resources in a context of rapidly changing landscapes, and how income generated by tree resources contributes to food and nutrition security. An approach to food security based on rights of access would advance our understanding of their use and tackle the root causes of food deficiency based on different social groups. In light of current patterns of access to tree food for different stakeholders, including women and children, an intersectional approach that accounts for age, gender, ethnicity and wealth would benefit food security research by a more targeted and discerning approach to existing rights of access and to the roles of different community members.