Russian Existential Philosophy

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Lev Shestov ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

Chapter 11 presents the concepts of Nikolai Berdyaev and Lev Shestov who highlighted the mysterious dimension of the whole of reality from the perspective of his existential philosophy. For Berdyaev the main feature of the universe is mystery because it is coherent with the capacity for free, unforced cognition. On the one hand, for Berdyaev the rationality of the world illustrates divine rationality, but, on the other, he stressed that conceptual knowledge does not capture the mystery of the world and specifically does not solve the problems of existence. Lev Shestov was one of the more radical opponents of the expression religious truths by means of exploiting philosophical terms, and separated faith from reason. At the same time, he did not so much deny science, as the field of rational activity, which is scientism.

Existential Philosophy and Psychotherapy Ethics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyon ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Authentic Life

This chapter introduces five central concepts of existential philosophy in order to deduce ethical principles for psychotherapy: phenomenology, authenticity, paradoxes, isolation, and freedom vs. destiny. Phenomenological perspectives are useful as a guideline for how to encounter and understand patients in terms of individuality and uniqueness. Existential communication as a means to search and face the truth of one’s existence is considered as a valid basis for an authentic life. Paradoxes that cannot be solved are characteristic for human existence and should be dealt with to turn resignation into active choices. Isolation is one of the “existentials” characterizing human life between two paradox poles: On the one hand we are deeply in need of relationships to other human beings; on the other hand we are thrown into the world alone and will always stay like this, no matter how close we get to another person. Further, addressing freedom and destiny as two extremes of one dimension can serve as a basis for orientation in life and also for dealing with the separation between responsibility and guilt.

scholarly journals 2012: Ideas Mayas Acerca De La Renovación Cí­clica Del Universo

Xihmai ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alberto Morales Damián
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

2012:  IDEAS  MAYAS  ACERCA  DE  LA  RENOVACIÓN CíCLICA DEL UNIVERSO. 2012:                MAYA‟S    CIVILIZATION     IDEAS   ABOUT    THE CYCLIC RENEWAL OF THE UNIVERSE.       Resumen El pensamiento maya con respecto a la astronomí­a y el calendario poseen una gran originalidad y corresponden a una forma de entender la realidad completamente  diferente  a  la  del  pensamiento  occidental.  Los  mayas conciben que el tiempo está sujeto a recurrencias cí­clicas (dí­a-noche, año solar, perí­odos de 52 años), cada una de las cuales supone la destrucción y renovación del cosmos. Por otra parte, las supuestas profecí­as mayas acerca de un evento astronómico el próximo 21 de diciembre de 2012, en realidad no son acordes a la cosmovisión maya prehispánica, coinciden sin embargo con temores milenaristas propios del pensamiento occidental que se agudizan en una época de crisis global.   Palabras Clave: Mayas, religión, astronomí­a, profecí­as del 2012.   Abstract Mayan  thought  in  respect  to  astronomy  and  the  calendar  have  a  great originality and correspond to a way of understanding a complete different reality to the one of the western thought. Mayan people conceive that time is subject to cycle recurrences (day-night, solar year, and periods of 52 years), each one supposes destruction and renovation of cosmos. On the other hand, the supposed Mayan prophecies about an astronomical event next December 21st  2012, do not in fact agree with the view of the world of the pre Hispanic Mayans, however they coincide with millennial fear proper of the western thought that worsen in this times of global crisis.   Key words: Mayans, religion, astronomy, 2012 prophecies.      

Ethics, Science, and Poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-144
Author(s):  
Robert Stern
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Normative Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethical Demand ◽  
The Way

This chapter covers Chapters 10 and 11 of The Ethical Demand, which focus on how Løgstrup sees the demand in relation to science on the one hand, and poetry on the other. In relation to science, Løgstrup argues for a form of philosophy that might be seen to challenge the ‘anti-metaphysical’ assumptions of scientific thinking, particularly in the way his account attributes a kind of normative authority to the demand as standing in judgement over our actions. Løgstrup also considers how far certain kinds of scientific determinism might pose a challenge to ethics, arguing that this challenge can be resisted. In Chapter 11, Løgstrup asks whether poetry can have implications for ethics, suggesting poetry can break through the triviality in which our lives are often lived, thus making us properly attentive to the world that surrounds us, including other people.

scholarly journals СВОБОДА ЯК ОСНОВА ФІЛОСОФІЇ ЛЬВА ШЕСТОВА

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Т. Прудка
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Lev Shestov ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Individual Human

The philosophy of Lev Shestov has a close connection with life. The thinker considered it necessary to pay attention to the most burning issues, one of which is the problem of freedom. The article analyzes the phenomenon of freedom as the fundamental principle of Shestov's philosophy. It also reflects the main philosophical ideas of the thinker, analyzes the correlation of religion and philosophy in his work. It is noted that freedom occupies the central position for Shestov. Real philosophy doesn’t exist and can’t exist without it. At the same time, Shestov insists that logic is the main opponent of freedom. The article analyzes Shestov's argumentation concerning this issue. It is emphasized that the philosopher puts faith in God above reason, since God is the Truth, and the human mind tends to wander. It was also revealed that Shestov considered it impossible to judge the meaning of the universe rationally. The philosopher asserts that logic cannot be the only one method of perception of the existance, he is looking for the other forms of penetration into the secrets of the world order. Exactly such method for him occurs the faith in God. Only the faith gives an opportunity to comprehend the secrets of the world. Shestov anticipated the main ideas of late existentialism. The philosopher was worried about the problems of individual human existence, the search for a way out of hopelessness. The philosophy of Lev Shestov deserves careful and detailed studying. But, unfortunately, not enough attention was paid to his work, that fact determined the relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of freedom as the basis of the philosophy of Lev Shestov, to reflect the central ideas of the thinker. It is concluded that Lev Shestov considered the faith in God is the only possible way of perception, since only faith can give a true freedom. The thinker sees a direct correlation between faith in God and philosophy.

scholarly journals Theism, atheism and pantheism in the context of solution of the central philosophical question: anthropological aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Alexey Viktorovich Suslov ◽  
Dmitrii Alekseevich Gusev ◽  
Vasilii Aleksandrovich Potaturov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual Reality ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

The object of this research is a centuries-old worldview polemic between the philosophical representations on the world and human associated with theism, atheism and pantheism. The subject of this research is the theoretical and practical attitudes and conclusions of anthropological nature that result from these intellectual models. The authors dwell on the worldview correlations of materialism and idealism with their worldview companions, such as atheism, evolutionism, scientism, anthropological voluntarism  on the one hand, and theism, creationism, antiscientism, providentialism – on the other. Special attention is given to examination of ideological link of atheism and pantheism with the anthropocentric attitude, as well as the questions of life navigation of a human in the context of confrontation and polemics of anthropological voluntarism  and providentialism. The novelty of this research consists in substantiation of authenticity of the philosophical idealism as a model that implies theistic and creationist view of the universe and fundamental incompatibility of the central idealistic thesis on the primacy of spiritual reality with the nature of being from the perspective of pantheism. The novelty also lies in the authors’ statement on the worldview similarity of atheism and pantheism, each of which is a specific substantiation of anthropological voluntarism  that is opposed to theistic providentialism. The conclusion consists in acknowledgment of the fundamental dichotomy of the worldview choice and life orientation of a human between the anthropocentric and providential poles, despite all ideological multifacetedness and diversity of the philosophical and religious representations.

World Ages and the Body Politic

1961 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
H. J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

When, at an unknown but manifestly early period, speculation regarding the duration and destiny of the world began, the thinkers of those days had two analogies to guide them, and consequently two divergent conclusions were reached. The first was the recurrent cycle of the seasons; the second, the growth, maturity, decay and death of the human and all other animal bodies. Reasoning from the one, some arrived at the conclusion that the world, at least the earth and mankind, had passed and would always continue to pass through a series of epochs, limited in number, which when they had ended would recommence, and so on indefinitely. From the other datum the result was reached that as a man dies and does not come to life again (for even the fairly wide-spread and early doctrine of reincarnation supposed only that the soul would be given a new earthly body of some kind, not that the whole individual would return), so the earth, or the universe generally, would grow old and die and that would be the end of it. It is the purpose of this paper to examine these two ideas and one or two offshoots of them as they are known to have appeared in the two classical civilizations of Europe, and especially in Greece, and if possible to draw some tentative conclusions as to which, if either, can be found more characteristic of native thought.

scholarly journals Foki Szumejowego podróże do źródeł. Pępek ziemi w ujęciu Stanisława Vincenza

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Jakub Żmidziński
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

FOKA SZUMEJOWY'S JOURNEYS TO THE SOURCE. THE NAVEL OF THE EARTH AS PRESENTED BY STANISŁAW VINCENZContinuing Jacek Kolbuszewski’s exegesis of the spatial orders in Stanisław Vincenz’s Na wysokiej połoninie On the High Mountain Pastures, the author of the article attempts to recreate the “philosophy of space” as formulated by the Homer of the Hutsuls. He carries out a detailed analysis of two fragments of the Hutsul epic: Maksym the seer’s story of a rock church from Barwinkowy wianek Periwinkle Wreath and Foka Szumejowy’s expedition to the navel of the earth described in Zwada Squabble. In both case inspirations from Dante’s Divine Comedy can be seen primarily in the expansion of space: on the one hand to include the world of the dead and on the other — the universe understood in Platonic terms. Both journeys also have many characteristics testifying to their initiation-related nature. Particularly important in this respect is the expedition undertaken by Foka and his friends to the source of the Cheremosh River deep inside the Palenica Mountain, on top of which Wincenty Pol placed the point where the borders of three countries — Poland, Hungary and Romania — met. Although in the light of modern research such a location of the old border between the three states is wrong, this is precisely where Vincenz places the navel of the earth. It appear as a distant echo of the omphalos stone from Delphi; a mystical place marked by extraordinarily dense symbolism: centre of the world, bringing together the heavenly and the earthly orders, the living and the dead, and annihilating the temporal dimension. The interpretation of the symbolism of Vincenz’s navel of the world is complemented by Klucz Key, which opens Zwada and in which the author suggests a universal dimension of the history of culture, and, at the same time, mystery-like nature of art, especially literature.]]>

scholarly journals Transformation the world construction after the Second World War and places in its USA and USSR (1945 – 1946)

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Yuliya Podriez
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe

The article is devoted to studing the trunsformation (changes) in the world after the Second World War, as well as the role and the place in it of two powerful states – the USA and the USSR. The article is devoted to the study of the question of the universe after the Second World War, as well as the role and the place in it of two powerful states – the USA and the USSR. In the article, the author emphasizes the objective and subjective circumstances that transformed Soviet-American relations since 1945. At the same time, it is emphasized that relations are complicated by the emergence of a new factor – atomic. Consideration of Soviet-USA relations is proposed through the lens of attempting to establish USA-USSR cooperation in the economic sphere, the development of nuclear weapons, and a technological approach in strategic arms. Much attention is paid to the meeting of the Big Three, which took place in Potsdam. In particular, on the one hand, the focus is on the direct procedure for concluding peace treaties and establishing diplomatic relations with Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Finland; on the other, the distribution of spheres of influence across Germany, based on the relevant protocol. In general, the author attempted to prove that the Berlin Conference made it possible to find mutually agreed solutions and to reach compromises, despite the escalation.

Abhinavagupta’s Literary Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-132
Author(s):  
James D. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Literary Experience ◽  
Structural Parallel

Building on the background laid out in Chapter 2, this chapter gives an analysis of Abhinavagupta’s literary theory, which is framed as a defense of Ānandavardhana’s theory of poetic manifestation, but which changes that theory in important ways. The chapter explores Abhinavagupta’s relationship to the earlier theorist Bhaṭṭanāyaka and shows that Abhinavagupta’s literary theory is laid out along a broad structural parallel between, on the one hand, Śiva, the world, and the yogin who attains enlightenment, and on the other, poet, poem, and connoisseur. The chapter shows that many key elements of Abhinavagupta’s theory, such as the specifically pleasurable nature of literary experience, his account of poetic creativity, and his insistence that literary emotions cannot be encountered as objects, are only fully intelligible when seen against the background of his broader ideas about the nature of God and the universe.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

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