Political Drift and Forum Shifts

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Alison Harcourt ◽  
George Christou ◽  
Seamus Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Working Group ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
Hypertext Markup Language ◽  
The Web

This chapter explains one of the most important components of the web: the development and standardization of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and DOM (Document Object Model) which are used for creating web pages and applications. In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee established the World Wide Web consortium (W3C) to work on HTML development. In 1995, the W3C decided to introduce a new standard, WHTML 2.0. However, it was incompatible with the older HTML/WHTML versions. This led to the establishment of Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) which worked externally to the W3C. WHATWG developed HTML5 which was adopted by the major browser developers Google, Opera, Mozilla, IBM, Microsoft, and Apple. For this reason, the W3C decided to work on HTML5, leading to a joint WHATWG/W3C working group. This chapter explains the development of HTML and WHATWG’s Living Standard with explanation of ongoing splits and agreements between the two fora. It explains how this division of labour led to W3C focus on the main areas of web architecture, the semantic web, the web of devices, payments applications, and web and television (TV) standards. This has led to the spillover of work to the W3C from the national sphere, notably in the development of copyright protection for TV streaming.

Googling the Web

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Chris Bleakley
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Recommender Algorithm ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web

Chapter 8 explores the arrival of the World Wide Web, Amazon, and Google. The web allows users to display “pages” of information retrieved from remote computers by means of the Internet. Inventor Tim Berners-Lee released the first web software for free, setting in motion an explosion in Internet usage. Seeing the opportunity of a lifetime, Jeff Bezos set-up Amazon as an online bookstore. Amazon’s success was accelerated by a product recommender algorithm that selectively targets advertising at users. By the mid-1990s there were so many web sites that users often couldn’t find what they were looking for. Stanford PhD student Larry Page invented an algorithm for ranking search results based on the importance and relevance of web pages. Page and fellow student, Sergey Brin, established a company to bring their search algorithm to the world. Page and Brin - the founders of Google - are now worth US$35-40 billion, each.

Introducing the Data Quality Vocabulary (DQV)

Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Riccardo Albertoni ◽  
Antoine Isaac
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Metadata Model ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

The Data Quality Vocabulary (DQV) provides a metadata model for expressing data quality. DQV was developed by the Data on the Web Best Practice (DWBP) Working Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) between 2013 and 2017. This paper aims at providing a deeper understanding of DQV. It introduces its key design principles, components, and the main discussion points that have been raised in the process of designing it. The paper compares DQV with previous quality documentation vocabularies and demonstrates the early uptake of DQV by collecting tools, papers, projects that have exploited and extended DQV.

The Semantic Web

2008 ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Kevin Curran ◽  
Gary Gumbleton
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Software Agents ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web ◽  
Do So

Tim Berners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), states that, “The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” (Berners-Lee, 2001). The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents, roaming from page to page, can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users. The Semantic Web (SW) is a vision of the Web where information is more efficiently linked up in such a way that machines can more easily process it. It is generating interest not just because Tim Berners-Lee is advocating it, but because it aims to solve the problem of information being hidden away in HTML documents, which are easy for humans to get information out of but are difficult for machines to do so. We will discuss the Semantic Web here.

A Signal-Representation-Based Parser to Extract Text-Based Information from the Web

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Mu-Chun Su ◽  
◽  
Shao-Jui Wang ◽  
Chen-Ko Huang ◽  
Pa-ChunWang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Web Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

Most of the dramatically increased amount of information available on the World Wide Web is provided via HTML and formatted for human browsing rather than for software programs. This situation calls for a tool that automatically extracts information from semistructured Web information sources, increasing the usefulness of value-added Web services. We present a <u>si</u>gnal-<u>r</u>epresentation-b<u>a</u>sed <u>p</u>arser (SIRAP) that breaks Web pages up into logically coherent groups - groups of information related to an entity, for example. Templates for records with different tag structures are generated incrementally by a Histogram-Based Correlation Coefficient (HBCC) algorithm, then records on a Web page are detected efficiently using templates generated by matching. Hundreds of Web pages from 17 state-of-the-art search engines were used to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.

Web Algorithms for Information Retrieval

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bouchra Frikh ◽  
Brahim Ouhbi
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Page Rank ◽  
Ranking Algorithms ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

The World Wide Web has emerged to become the biggest and most popular way of communication and information dissemination. Every day, the Web is expending and people generally rely on search engine to explore the web. Because of its rapid and chaotic growth, the resulting network of information lacks of organization and structure. It is a challenge for service provider to provide proper, relevant and quality information to the internet users by using the web page contents and hyperlinks between web pages. This paper deals with analysis and comparison of web pages ranking algorithms based on various parameters to find out their advantages and limitations for ranking web pages and to give the further scope of research in web pages ranking algorithms. Six important algorithms: the Page Rank, Query Dependent-PageRank, HITS, SALSA, Simultaneous Terms Query Dependent-PageRank (SQD-PageRank) and Onto-SQD-PageRank are presented and their performances are discussed.

Solving Accessibility and Other Problems in School and Classroom Web Sites

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleborne D. Maddux
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

The Internet and the World Wide Web are growing at unprecedented rates. More and more teachers are authoring school or classroom web pages. Such pages have particular potential for use in rural areas by special educators, children with special needs, and the parents of children with special needs. The quality of many of these pages leaves much to be desired. All web pages, especially those authored by special educators should be accessible for people with disabilities. Many other problems complicate use of the web for all users, whether or not they have disabilities. By taking some simple steps, beginning webmasters can avoid these problems. This article discusses practical solutions to common accessibility problems and other problems seen commonly on the web.

Eccentric Methodology with Optimization to Unearth Hidden Facts of Search Engine Result Pages

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Sethuraman ◽  
Jafar A. Alzubi ◽  
Ramachandran Manikandan ◽  
Mehdi Gheisari ◽  
Ambeshwar Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Search Engine Optimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Search Engine Result ◽  
The Web ◽  
New Framework

Background: The World Wide Web houses an abundance of information that is used every day by billions of users across the world to find relevant data. Website owners employ webmasters to ensure their pages are ranked top in search engine result pages. However, understanding how the search engine ranks a website, which comprises numerous web pages, as the top ten or twenty websites is a major challenge. Although systems have been developed to understand the ranking process, a specialized tool based approach has not been tried. Objective: This paper develops a new framework and system that process website contents to determine search engine optimization factors. Methods: To analyze the web page dynamically by assessing the web site content based on specific keywords, elimination method was used in an attempt to reveal various search engine optimization techniques. Conclusion: Our results lead to conclude that the developed system is able to perform a deeper analysis and find factors which play a role in bringing the site on the top of the list.

Interactive Proxy for URL Correction

2011 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Kai-Hsiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Proxy Servers ◽  
Personal Favorite ◽  
The World ◽  
Cache Miss ◽  
The Web

This chapter will address the issues of Uniform Resource Locator (URL) correction techniques in proxy servers. The proxy servers are more and more important in the World Wide Web (WWW), and they provide Web page caches for browsing the Web pages quickly, and also reduce unnecessary network traffic. Traditional proxy servers use the URL to identify their cache, and it is a cache-miss when the request URL is non-existent in its caches. However, for general users, there must be some regularity and scope in browsing the Web. It would be very convenient for users when they do not need to enter the whole long URL, or if they still could see the Web content even though they forgot some part of the URL, especially for those personal favorite Web sites. We will introduce one URL correction mechanism into the personal proxy server to achieve this goal.

Expert Database Web Portal Architecture

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Anthony Scime
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Database ◽  
The Web

The volume of data available on the World Wide Web makes it difficult for a domain novice to find reliable, accurate information. Such a novice may call upon a domain expert for information and advice. On the Web, this expert advice can be organized as an expert database behind a Web portal for the domain. The creation of such a database requires an architecture that captures the expert’s domain knowledge and finds and evaluates applicable Web pages from which data is extracted. This chapter outlines the components of an expert database Web portal, its design, and population.

Automatedc Content-Management Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
N. C. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Principal Solution ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Content Management Systems ◽  
The Web

The World Wide Web quickly evolved as a valuable resource for organizations to provide information and services to users. Much initial development of Web pages was done haphazardly. This resulted in many information gaps and inconsistencies between pages. Departments with more available time created more and better-designed Web pages even when they were no more important. Personnel who created Web pages would move to other jobs and their pages would become obsolete, but no one would bother to fix them. Two copies of the same information on the Web would become inconsistent when only one was updated, leaving the public wondering which was correct. Solutions were needed. We survey here the principal solution methods that have been developed.

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