The Normativity of Knowledge and the Scope and Sources of Defeat

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-38
Author(s):  
Sanford C. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Epistemic Standing ◽  
Shed Light

In this paper I will be appealing to a prior grasp of the normativity of knowledge itself—its role in entitling a subject to confidence and in authorizing others to believe on the strength of one’s epistemic standing—to shed light on the nature and scope of defeat. The strategy will be to focus on cases in which an otherwise epistemically well-positioned subject fails to enjoy these normative standings, and to argue that the best explanation is the presence of defeaters. In ordinary cases, this strategy yields results that are not particularly interesting: in such cases the allegation of relevant defeaters will be greeted with a yawn. The interest of the present paper lies in its use of this strategy to motivate the allegation of a type of defeat that is decidedly more controversial: so-called normative defeat (a term I borrow from Lackey (1999)). Highlighting this type of defeat underscores a social dimension to knowledge that the literature typically overlooks or ignores.

The Influence of the Internet on Relationships Between Consumers and Vendors

2011 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
H. Treiblmaier
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light

In recent years a plethora of scholarly literature from the marketing and the information systems (IS) domain has dealt with the phenomenon of relationships. While during the pre-computer era relationships always implied a social dimension, modern technology tries to mimic this interaction process by learning about customers’ needs and addressing them individually. Interestingly, the central definition of a relationship remains vague in both marketing and IS. Finding the major constituents, therefore, could shed light on the question of whether technology actually could replace “social interactions.” In this chapter, we show how relationships are defined in scholarly literature. Subsequently, consumers define what they perceive to be the crucial attributes of a relationship in general and with an online organization. The results indicate that the notion of relationship has to be redefined for online communication and interaction and offer practical implications for designing the interaction process with online users.

The building of economic governance in the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Verdun
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

This article seeks to shed light on the development over the past decades of the concept of economic governance. It asks what is understood by economic governance and what role the social dimension has played. The article offers an analysis of the problems and possible issues confronting the EU as it seeks ways to address the sovereign debt crisis by embarking on deeper economic integration. The article concludes that from the early days there have been questions about the exact interaction between economic and monetary integration and thus between ‘economic’ and ‘monetary’ union. Despite Delors’ original inclination, few were willing to establish any linkage between EMU and social matters. The crises have again brought out the need to consider the two in tandem. Moreover, with the increased role in economic governance accorded to EU-level institutions, there is a need to rethink the EU democratic model.

scholarly journals LA PRESUNTA “NEUTRALITÀ” DEL DIRITTO TRASNAZIONALE DELLO SPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2 - 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Melica
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Shed Light

Sport has reached an economic and social dimension that has led top sports institutions, led by the IOC, to equip themselves with tools to preserve its autonomy. The Olympic Charter aims to achieve this goal through the principle of “political neutrality”, according to which sports leaders often avoid taking a position on thorny “political” issues, which come to concern the protection of the athletes’ fundamental rights, although the same rights appear at least underlying the Charter itself. This work, through a comparative survey that also reflects on the transnational sports law, aims to shed light on the possible contradiction of sports institutions, who struggle to combine the role of sport as a promoter of fundamental rights and social inclusion with the purely sporting (and economic) dimension of the same, which they try to keep away from political conditioning.

Genealogy and Critique

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-48
Author(s):  
Bernard Reginster
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Epistemic Standing ◽  
Shed Light

The chapter examines the concept of a genealogy of morality and its critical significance. I consider and criticize interpretations of Nietzsche’s genealogical inquiries that take them to challenge the epistemic standing of moral judgments. I argue that genealogies aim instead to determine the function of these judgments by identifying what particular affective need they are suited to serve. This functional approach allows to shed light on the much-disputed role of history in genealogical inquiry, and to circumscribe what Nietzsche has in mind when he calls into question the “value” of moral values. In particular, I address two salient problems his functional approach poses for a functional critique of morality: respectively, the problem of dysfunctionality and the problem of multiple functionality.

scholarly journals An Explorative Perspective on the Resilience in Neighborhoods in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Marten Koolma ◽  
Catharina Frederika van Dreven
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Shed Light

In this contribution we intend to shed light on the social dimension of sustainability. Thereby, we follow adhere to the goals for sustainable development as issued by the United Nations. The majority of the goals concerns social topics in the national societies. We intend to research in what way resilience lead to social progress and, through that, to sustainability. The attainment of the goals is hindered by the phenomenon of negative spillover effects between countries. In addition, we assume the presence of intra-national spillover effects which means that advancements in some areas are accompanied by deteriorations in other parts of the country. The negative effects concentrate and accumulate disadvantages into distinct neighborhoods. Inhabitants who try to overcome the disadvantages can be fostered in their resilience by beneficial interventions and conditions. However, they will be faced with impeding interventions and conditions as well. A case in the Netherlands shows that by resilience inspired policy reforms rather inflict additional problems on disadvantaged inhabitants. A set of interviews with key persons sheds light on the question of how resilience in the neighborhoods could be fostered instead. It requires support of individuals who take the initiative to improve the living conditions of themselves and others. The processes need some guidance by professional workers who do relate to everyday live in the neighborhoods, and who build relationship op the basis of trust. In their situational work, they need to be enabled and backed by their superiors.

The Influence of the Internet on Relationships Between Consumers and Vendors

2009 ◽  
pp. 1442-1455
Author(s):  
Horst Treiblmaier
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light

In recent years a plethora of scholarly literature from the marketing and the information systems (IS) domain has dealt with the phenomenon of relationships. While during the precomputer era relationships always implied a social dimension, modern technology tries to mimic this interaction process by learning about customers’ needs and addressing them individually. Interestingly, the central definition of a relationship remains vague in both marketing and IS. Finding the major constituents, therefore, could shed light on the question of whether technology actually could replace “social interactions.” In this chapter, we show how relationships are defined in scholarly literature. Subsequently, consumers define what they perceive to be the crucial attributes of a relationship in general and with an online organization. The results indicate that the notion of relationship has to be redefined for online communication and interaction and offer practical implications for designing the interaction process with online users.

scholarly journals Sobre la dimensión política del resentimiento

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Gustavo Robles
Keyword(s):  
Social Experiences ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Political ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shed Light

El presente trabajo propone una reflexión sobre la dimensión política y social del resentimiento que permita una mejor comprensión del surgimiento de las extrema-derechas y la crisis contemporánea de las democracias. El punto de partida es considerar al resentimiento como una emoción que da cuenta de experiencias sociales y sensibilidades políticas que están en la base de los nuevos autoritarismos globales. Intentaré abordar esta cuestión recurriendo a un conjunto de reflexiones filosóficas sobre el resentimiento, a una consideración de las transformaciones sociales de las últimas décadas y a un análisis de su articulación en las nuevas políticas identitarias. Confío en que esto contribuirá a ampliar nuestra comprensión de lo que podríamos denominar “política del resentimiento” y de la actual crisis de la democracia. ---- The aim of this paper is to reflect on the political and social dimension of resentment to allow a better understanding of the emergence of far-right tendencies and the contemporary crisis of democracies. The starting point is to consider resentment as an emotion that accounts for social experiences and political sensitivities which are at the basis of the new global authoritarianism. I will try to approach this question by resorting to a set of philosophical reflections on resentment, to a consideration of the social transformations of the last decades and to an analysis of their political articulation in the new identity policies. This shall shed light on what we might call the "politics of resentment" and on the current crisis of democracy.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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