Managing Emotions at the League of Nations

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-82
Author(s):  
Ilaria Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Emotional Style

Emotions constituted a fundamental part of the work of the League of Nations throughout the time of its existence. The League employed emotional rhetoric and images, often embodied and symbolized by the Alps, in order to legitimize itself and its policies. It used feelings to brand itself as capable and noble, to draw associations with positive values such as resilience, purity, and honesty, and to argue for its own feasibility in the post-1919 world. It also took emotions into account while staging international encounters, devoting much energy and resources trying to shape what people felt during the meetings and long-term stays in the Alps organized in this period. The League’s carefully-managed emotional style—which was deliberately based on “nobility,” “dignity,” and “friendship” rather than “force” and “pride”—frustrated many of its supporters while fueling its opponents’ argument that it was inherently weak; at the same time, it led to a set of ideas and practices (e.g. school exchanges to foster “mutual understanding”) that—for better or for worse—still influence many forms of international cooperation to this day.

Gran Paradiso: Erkenntnisse aus der sich natürlich regulierenden Steinbockpopulation|Gran Paradiso: Conclusions from the naturally regulated Capricorn population

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Grégory Amos ◽  
Ambroise Marchand ◽  
Anja Schneiter ◽  
Annina Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Gran Paradiso ◽  
Gran Paradiso National Park

The last Capricorns (Capra ibex ibex) in the Alps survived during the nineteenth century in the Aosta valley thanks to the royal hunting reservation (today Gran Paradiso national park). Capricorns from this reservation were successfully re-introduced in Switzerland after its Capricorn population had disappeared. Currently in Switzerland there are 13200 Capricorns. Every year 1000 are hunted in order to prevent a large variation and overaging of their population and the damage of pasture. In contrast, in the Gran Paradiso national park the game population regulates itself naturally for over eighty years. There are large fluctuations in the Capricorn population (2600–5000) which are most likely due to the climate, amount of snow, population density and to the interactions of these factors. The long-term surveys in the Gran Paradiso national park and the investigations of the capacity of this area are a valuable example for the optimal management of the ibexes in Switzerland.

The Trans-Asian Pathways of ‘Oriental Products’: Navigating the prohibition of narcotics between Turkey, China, and Japan, 1918–1938

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
DANIEL-JOSEPH MACARTHUR-SEAL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Medical Market ◽  
Opium Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
Drug Prohibition

Abstract Patterns of opium production and distribution shifted immensely over the course of the twentieth century, with output falling by three-quarters, almost nine-tenths of which now takes place in Afghanistan. Supporters of drug prohibition trumpet the success of this long-term decline and hail the withdrawal of the four largest opium producers—India, China, Iran, and the Ottoman empire—from the non-medical market, but this seemingly linear trend conceals numerous deviations of historic significance. Among the most notable and little known is Turkey's prolonged resistance to international restrictions on the narcotics trade and the efforts of state and non-state networks to substitute Turkish opium for the diminishing supply of once-dominant Indian exports to a still opium-hungry China in the first half of the twentieth century. This article uses neglected League of Nations and Turkish government sources alongside international newspapers and diplomatic reports to demonstrate the extent of connections forged by state and non-state actors between Turkey and East Asia, expanding on recent research on trans-Asian connections in commerce and political thought.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL COOPERATION: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Victoria Nebrat ◽  
Olga Kudlasevych
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The peculiarities of international scientific and educational relations in the Soviet period of Ukraine’s history are revealed. The political causes and long-term consequences of intellectual autarky are identified. The necessity and possibility of development of international cooperation on the basis of increase of academic mobility are argued.

Scandinavia Within and Without Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-200
Author(s):  
Bo Stråth
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
European Integration ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Eu

This chapter outlines changing relationships between Scandinavia and Europe. The Scandinavian ‘isolationist’ approach to Europe after the Napoleonic wars shifted to more active integrationist policies in the 1920s, with the arrival of left governments and the acceptance of the League of Nations; a new isolationist trend (‘neutrality’) set in after 1933. Against the backdrop of this long-term pattern, the focus is on shifting Scandinavian attitudes to the project of European integration and on attempts to be both within and outside Europe. Before and after the Danish entry into the EU in 1973, tensions between different approaches and between the countries concerned have been evident. The Cold War was a major factor, and its end reinforced the pro-integration approach. More recently, problems with the euro and the refugee crisis have provoked more ambiguous responses, but less so in Finland than in the Scandinavian countries.

International cooperation in crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-219
Author(s):  
A. J. Kox ◽  
H. F. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
International Scientific Cooperation

Chapter 11 deals with the slow process of restoring international scientific cooperation after the end of the World War, highlighting the Dutch role and Lorentz’s untiring efforts in the various, at first unsuccessful attempts to include German scientists in international scientific cooperative bodies. In particular, his important role as member and later chairman of the commission for international intellectual cooperation of the League of Nations (CICI) is discussed.

Integral Communication Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ozren Rafajac ◽  
Alen Jakupović
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Relationship Improvement

An integral communication tool is producing a coherent message while attempting to achieve synergy among different types of communicators. By encouraging a purposeful dialogue and automatic exchange of relevant information, these kinds of tools can improve our mutual understanding, cooperation, collaboration and competitiveness. The main problem in collaboration is finding compatible partners, friends and people (with similar interests) with whom we can build long-term relationships in different fields of life, such as family relations, education and leisure. The same applies to all economic activities. The authors find a solution to this problem in the development of an integral communication tool that has the three main objectives: self-improvement, relationship improvement and qualitative improvement of collaboration. By analyzing the requirements of potential users, the authors have developed a conceptual model of an integral communication tool that explains its basic functions, subsystems and information connections.

Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency

1932 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernestine Fitz-Maurice
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Crime ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
French Government ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
International Action ◽  
The Face

The Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency, which was signed at Geneva on April 20, 1929, was the natural outgrowth of a conviction, held by the majority of states, that the counterfeiting of currency was an international crime, and moreover, that it was one of a decidedly virulent and insidious character. Had this belief not been widely prevalent, the proposal of the French Government that the League of Nations should undertake the drafting of a convention for the suppression of this crime would have fallen on barren ground. As it was, the existence of the conviction that the whole community of states had an interest in the repression of this form of criminality was what made the agreement at all possible. Repeatedly, especially during the years immediately preceding the drafting of this convention, the states had had occasion to observe that purely national action against counterfeiters was often insufficient, and that international action was in many cases extremely difficult, if not, impossible. Thus, in the face of this common menace, with which separately the states were unable to cope, they came in time to realize that international cooperation was necessary, and what is more, that it was imperative, if they were to make any headway in the prevention and punishment of such crime.

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