Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire

Until recently, emotional processes have played little role in personality psychology. Based on neuroscientific findings, Davidson and colleagues proposed a theory of emotional styles, postulating six dimensions of emotional life: outlook, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context, and attention. Recently, an English version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) was developed and tested for reliability and validity. The aim of the present work was to test the test–retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity of the German version of the ESQ. Two separate samples consisting of 365 and 344 subjects took part in an online survey. The results of the two studies indicated satisfactory test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Regarding the construct validity, the results from Study 1 to Study 2 indicate good model fit indices. Although there was a high correlation between the subscales outlook and resilience, the analyses supported the six-factor structure postulated by Davidson and colleagues. Substantial correlations were found between the dimensions of the ESQ and other validated scales, confirming the criterion validity of the questionnaire. Our results suggest that the German version of the ESQ is a reliable and valid measurement of emotional styles. It is a feasible and economical questionnaire that can be applied in various psychology disciplines, such as personality psychology, clinical psychology, industrial psychology or sport and exercise psychology.

Language Variation in the Book of Jeremiah and Its Cultural and Social Background

Syntactic-stylistic analysis of the linguistic variation in the book of Jeremiah points to the cultural/sociohistorical context of the different text groups. The poignant, emotional style of Jeremianic poetry (Mowinckel’s A corpus) is marked by the often extremely high frequency of short clauses, and the low incidence of subordinate clauses and noun groups (similarly in most texts in Jeremiah 30–31; 46–51). These features characterize the “lean, brisk style” of spontaneous spoken discourse/oral literature. Noun groups and subordinate clauses are highly frequent in the narrative corpus (B) and parenetic prose (C), whereas short clauses are far less frequent, as characteristic of the “intricate, elaborate style” of written texts. Where these corpora reflect the scribal desk, corpus A is close to the oral arena. Detailed analysis shows, however, that all corpora are open-ended. These considerations suggest an initial oral-written symbiosis in the prophetic performance and the commission to writing of the prophetic utterances. In the scribal milieu of the Babylonian/Persian era, a new class of religious formulators took up the prophetic tradition and reformulated it in the complex style characteristic of the scribal desk.

Sense of Coherence and Ego-Resiliency as Predictors of Maladaptive Coping Among Juveniles With Different Levels of Delinquency

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the sense of coherence and ego-resiliency as buffers for maladaptive coping among juveniles with different levels of delinquency. The study included 561 juveniles referred by a family court to youth education or probation centers throughout Poland. We used SEM to search for relations between variables and the critical ratio test for differences between groups. The results demonstrate that in both groups, the relationships between the components of the sense of coherence and the emotional style were negative. In both groups, the sense of comprehensibility was significantly associated with the search for social contacts. The impact of ego-resiliency on social-diversion coping was significantly stronger for the group with high compared with low demoralization. The study demonstrate that juveniles with a high degree of delinquency are more prone to emotion-oriented coping. Both groups of juveniles use two types of avoidance style to a similar extent. The results show that the stronger the sense of coherence, the less often juveniles cope with stress by reducing emotional tension and by escaping into substitute activities. Furthermore, our findings reveal the dark side of ego-resiliency.

Feeling Apart: Relations of Belonging in Tibetan Buddhist Lay-Monastic Communities

Studies of belonging and community formation often emphasize commonality of values, emotions, and feelings. This article highlights the importance of practices that create relations of distance between members as well as closeness. Drawing on fieldwork in institutionalized Tibetan Buddhist communities in northeastern Tibet (Amdo/Qinghai), I focus on everyday practices of respect and faith that materialize community by putting monks, reincarnate lamas, and laity “in their place.” This can include the most quotidian of acts, such as standing when someone enters a room. I argue that such practices of “feeling apart” and their refusal are central to individual negotiations of religious belonging and to the dynamic, ongoing process of community formation. The importance of these practices becomes particularly apparent when, as is the case in northeastern Tibet, seemingly taken-for-granted relations of belonging and the emotional style that enacts and creates these relations are felt to be precarious.

Psychometric validation of the Polish version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire

In four studies, we document the validity of the Polish version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ)—a 24-item self-report measure that captures how people vary across six dimensions that make up a healthy emotional life. Study 1 provides support for the proposed factorial structure of the Polish version of the scale. Study 2 demonstrates the equivalence of the Polish and English versions of the scale. Study 3 confirms the adequacy of the factorial structure in a second sample and demonstrates that for each of the six subscales construct validity is similar to that of the original scale. Study 4 investigates the test-retest reliability of the scale, and demonstrates very good reliability across an interval of two months. We conclude that the Polish version of ESQ is a psychometrically solid and easily implementable instrument that can be used to measure healthy emotionality and its components in both clinical and research settings.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE INTUITION STYLE INSTRUMENT (ISI)

Decision making is most important factor in organizations. It was essential to introduce the new instrument which could help the employees to make spontaneous decisions. The mix methods research was used. Data was collected from 511 respondents using survey. Reliability and validity factor analysis (EFA & CFA) identified four dimensions of intuition i.e. experience, judgment, thinking and emotion/gut feeling styles. The main contribution of this study is refinement of analytic-intuitive style dimension by splitting intuition into four more dimensions. Initial instrument was developed having 95 items for five dimensions Emotional Style (26-Items), Experience style (27-Items), thinking style (15-Items), Feeling style (10-Items) and the Judgmental style (12-Items). Thus, total 800 questionnaires were distributed randomly of which 685 were retrieved. The measurement model was developed and tested in the SPSS and AMOS-SEM. The newly developed instrument was found valid and reliable having 12 final items, 3 items for each construct likewsie (experience, judgment, thinking and emotion/gut feeling style.

Psychosomatic Behavior Style of Patients With Syphilis in Connection With Their Psychological Defenses

The article presents the results of the clinical and psychological study of the styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of syphilis (30 people) took part in the research. The following methods were used: questionnaire “Lifestyle index” by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman and H. R. Conte; questionnaire of psychosomatic behavior styles by V. М. Byzova, A. E. Loviagina, E. I. Perikova; “Individually typological questionnaire” by L. N. Sobchik; the projective technique “Drawing of a Man”. The patients of the selected group demonstrate the predominance of cognitive and behavioral styles of psychosomatic behavior and such psychological defenses as projection, denial, rationalization. Types of connections that were determined between styles of psychosomatic behavior and psychological defenses: the direct connection of the cognitive (r=0.317, P<0.05) and behavioral (r=0.657, P<0.01) styles of psychosomatic response with rationalization; moderate positive connection between the behavioral style of psychosomatic behavior and repression (r=0.380, P<0.05) as well as regression (r=0.398, P<0.05); reverse connection (r= −0.327, P<0.05) between the emotional style of psychosomatic behavior and displacement.