Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Christopher Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
Architectural Restoration

The cityscape of republican and imperial Rome was invested with historic significance by its inhabitants. Yet this historic built environment was not static, but subject to destruction and redevelopment. Consequently, Rome’s historic buildings could not simply exist independent of any intervention, but needed to be physically engaged with by the city’s inhabitants. It is the manner in which this was done and how this was perceived that is the subject of this book, with the aim of developing an understanding of the Roman concept of built heritage. The Introduction aims to illustrate some of the importance of, and difficulties with, examining architectural restoration and attitudes to heritage in ancient Roman society through a comparison with the Golden Pavilion Temple in Japan. The Introduction also provides a chapter outline, explaining how the arguments in the rest of the book will unfold.

Architectural Restoration and Heritage in Imperial Rome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The People ◽  
Architectural Innovation ◽  
Seneca The Younger ◽  
Architectural Restoration

This book addresses the treatment and perception of historic buildings in imperial Rome, examining the ways in which public monuments were restored in order to develop an understanding of the Roman concept of built heritage. The study considers examples from the first century BC to second century AD, focusing primarily on the six decades between the Great Fire of AD 64 and the AD 120s, a period of dramatic urban transformation and architectural innovation in Rome. Through analysing how the design, materiality, and appearance of buildings, including the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus and hut of Romulus, developed with successive restorations, the case is made for the existence of a consistent approach to the treatment of historic buildings in this period. With the purpose of uncovering attitudes to built heritage in Roman society more widely, the book also explores how changes to particular monuments and the urban fabric as a whole was received by the people who experienced it first-hand. By examining descriptions of destruction and restoration in literature of the first and second centuries AD, including the works of Seneca the Younger, Pliny the Elder, Martial, Tacitus, and Plutarch, a picture is formed of the conflicting ways in which Rome’s inhabitants responded to the redevelopment of their city. The results provide an alternative way of explaining key interventions in Rome’s built environment and challenge ideas that heritage is a purely modern phenomenon.

Amicitia and the Profession of Poetry in Early Imperial Rome

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 74-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter White
Keyword(s):  
Material Support ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Social Visibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This paper deals with the relationship between Latin poets and their wealthy friends at Rome, and it has a mildly polemical aim. I will begin by noticing some embarrassments which arise when one approaches the subject in the light of conceptions like ‘patronage’ and ‘patron’. Then I will show that poets and their great friends conducted themselves according to a characteristically Roman code of manners, and will argue that this familiar code of amicitia fully explains the treatment of poets in Roman society. In part two I will describe the advantages—social visibility, literary backing, and material support—which poets sought by associating themselves with the life of the upper classes, and I will try to connect these objectives with the equestrian status which so many Roman poets seem to have held.

A place for urban conservation? The changing values of Glasgow’s built heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Rebecca Madgin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Urban Conservation ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Different Sources

City strategies to remake places positioned at their core an improvement of the built environment. In turn, this necessitated a series of re-evaluations as to what future role the existing historic environment could play in urban redevelopment initiatives. The chapter examines three major trends in the use of historic buildings as part of urban redevelopment initiatives in Glasgow. Firstly, the ways in which the perceived benefits of restoring the historic environment grew to a point whereby heritage is now almost seen as a panacea for urban ills. Secondly, the chapter explores the shift in the ways in which urban conservation was managed between 1980-2018. Thirdly, and finally, the ways in which different sources of funding for restoring historic buildings became available over this period is examined.

Definitions and Parameters

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-38
Author(s):  
Christopher Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Final Part ◽  
Roman Architecture ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Architectural Restoration ◽  
The City

This chapter explores the idea of architectural restoration in the Roman world—how ancient authors wrote about it as a subject. It also includes a review of existing scholarship on the subject, defines the concept of built heritage and its applicability to the study of antiquity, and explains the chronological and geographical parameters of the investigation. The final part of the chapter presents a survey of developments in Roman architecture as well as the transformation that the city of Rome underwent between the Great Fire of AD 64 and the early AD 120s, thereby establishing the context in which many of the subsequent discussions can be understood.

IV. Society

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

‘Society’ covers a very broad range of human activity, and the interests of historians of Roman society have differed markedly. The great social historians of imperial Rome writing about a century ago were primarily concerned with a description of what anthropologists call ‘high culture’ (including literature, philosophy, and religion). Since then, the primary interest of social historians has shifted from ‘the inner moral life of the time’ to ‘daily life’ in Rome and, more importantly, the structure of Roman society. This last interest will form the subject of the present chapter.Which terms and categories are best suited to the analysis of Roman social structure? Rostovtzeff’s monumental Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, exemplary in its integration of the social with the economic and political developments of the Principate, employs a system of economic classes, including an entrepreneurial bourgeoisie, which is more appropriate to a modern capitalist society than the Roman world. A more satisfactory explanation of the course of Roman history has not yet been provided by any Marxist writer, for example in terms of class struggle between propertied exploiters and propertyless exploited. There will remain overt political conflicts, such as that between propertied freedmen and propertied senators, which are difficult to accommodate in the model.

Preventive Conservation of Historic Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koenraad Van Balen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Systemic Nature

Abstract Preventive Conservation is argued to improve preservation of heritage at large. The UNESCO chair on Preventive Conservation, monitoring and maintenance of monuments and sites (PRECOM3OS) has pushed research and collaboration to understand the nature of preventive conservation in the field of built heritage. The study of the concepts and practices of prevention in public health helps to understand the systemic nature of prevention and how they can be transferred to the conservation world.

scholarly journals Built Heritage Attractions in Cultural Tourism: the case of Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa, Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Huda Adil Abdulhameed Al-Obaidi ◽  
Osamah AbdulMunem Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

This research deals with the subject of Built heritage attractions in Muslim historical building, for what it represents, as an element dealing with Cultural tourism, in the process of developing tourism industry of the city. The location of Mustansiriya Madrassa in Baghdad’s commercial district could make it a profitable investment project to revive a cultural, artistic and tourist centre that could make it a cultural Tourism haven. The problem emerges through, how the role of built heritage to attract tourists in order to give vitality and liveability to the cultural tourism destination such as Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa which is one of the most popular heritage destinations, a historic school building situated in the ancient Abbasid district of Rusafa in the very heart of Baghdad. Therefore, the research's aim is to shed light on the heritage attraction as a mean to clarify the meaning of Cultural Tourism and specifying its definition. This research explains how the built heritage plays an important role in tourism in general and in the cultural tourism in particular because they attract tourists and provides a sustainable economic resource through its inclusion of values that make it distinct from other sources of attraction.

scholarly journals Crowd sourcing Welsh language data in the Covid era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Evans
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
The Public ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Historic Record

Welsh language place names risk being forgotten as people choose to use English versions of street names, properties, towns and villages and even rename properties with English names. Many official datasets for historic buildings in Wales do not record the original Welsh names. This presentation will look at how we have adapted our projects to work online during the Pandemic, and how we are crowdsourcing Welsh names of Wales' built heritage and adding them to Wikidata. The talk will focus on the activities of our recent Wicipics project which saw the public contribute remotely, creating Welsh language data and sharing their openly licenced images of historic sites in their area. This session will also look at how we might use this data to enrich our historic record. For example, by combining with OpenStreetMap to develop a Welsh language map interface and by sharing our crowdsourced data with 3rd party websites and other Welsh heritage organisations.

Regum Externorum Consuetudine: The Nature and Function of Embalming in Rome

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek B. Counts
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Death Ritual ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Apparent Shift ◽  
And Function

Although embalming is traditionally considered an Egyptian custom, ancient sources suggest that in imperial Rome the practice was not employed by Egyptians or Egyptianized Romans alone. The mos Romanorum in funerary ritual encompassed both cremation and inhumation, yet embalming appears in Rome as early as the first century AD and evidence points to its limited use during the first three centuries AD. Within the social structure of Rome's dead these preserved corpses certainly occupied a distinct place. Yet who were they and why were they embalmed? It is argued here that various factors allowed for the occasional use of embalming by Romans: (1) an apparent shift in attitudes towards Egypt, (2) the manipulation of death ritual for social distinction, and (3) the flexibility of the traditional Roman funeral, which was able to incorporate deviations in methods of body disposal. Although embalming has been largely ignored as a significant aspect of Roman funerary history, its patrons come from the classes of highest status, including even the imperial household. This fact alone makes it worthwhile to examine this small corpus of evidence. For example, the emperor Nero embalmed his wife Poppaea; such a deviation from standard disposal methods reflects imperial fashion, but also requires us to re-evaluate Nero's reign and, especially, the societal constructs of Neronian Rome. This study attempts to contextualize embalming within Roman society and offer some likely causes and effects of its use.

Commending a freedman. Virtues and masculinities in the recommendation letters of Cicero and Pliny the Younger

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Lisa Hagelin
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Gender Discourse ◽  
Pliny The Younger ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cardinal Virtue

This article explores Roman freedmen’s masculine positions expressed as virtues, qualities, and ideals in the recommendation letters of Cicero and Pliny the Younger. It discusses whether there were specific freedman virtues, qualities, and ideals and what consequences their existence or absence had for freedmen’s constructions of masculinity. A critical close reading of the texts is applied, combined with theories of masculinity, where hegemonic masculinity is a key concept. It is concluded that there were no virtues or qualities that were specific or exclusive to freedmen. A distinct set of virtues for freedmen did not exist in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome, since much the same behaviour and qualities are seen as manly and desirable for freedmen as for freeborn male citizens of high birth. However, freedmen cannot comply with the hegemonic masculinity in full, since they cannot embody the Roman masculine ideal of the vir bonus and cannot be associated with the Roman cardinal virtue virtus, which was central in the construction of masculinity in the Roman world. This illustrates the complex Roman gender discourse and, on the whole, the social complexity of Roman society.

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