Environmental Taxation

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Cathal O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
The Impact

The environment as a policy issue has increased dramatically in importance in recent decades. The issues extend from global challenges, such as climate change, access to water and soils, ozone emissions, and biodiversity loss, to issues with a smaller geographical scope, such as water quality and congestion, to the impact of the environment on health. Environmental policy measures, including environmental regulations, taxes, and emission trading schemes, have been proposed to reduce pollution. This chapter focuses on environmental taxes, as they are most amenable to simulation using a microsimulation model, requiring both the behavioural response to the policy to be measured and the distributional impact. In particular, the focus is on the modelling and design of Pigouvian taxes that aim to reduce environmental pollution such as a carbon tax. The chapter presents methodological issues in terms of modelling pollution. It also describes how to use an input-output model to simulate the direct and indirect impact of environmental taxation. The chapter then undertakes an example analysis assessing the welfare impact of a carbon tax.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING AND TAX ASPECTS OF COLLECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the main aspects of collecting environmental tax. Collection of environmental taxes is one of the means that can restrain the process of deteriorating environmental conditions, and in some cases improve the environmental situation. The article also examines the impact of environmental taxation on improving the environmental situation. The role of the environmental tax at financing of nature protection measures is considered. There are critical remarks of some scientists who point out that the availability of revenues from the environmental tax is not a guarantee of sufficient funding for environmental measures. Attention is paid to the risks of environmental taxation, which are associated with reduced solvency and financial stability of environmental taxpayers who pollute the environment. The classification of environmental taxes is considered, which is built depending on the purposes for which the amounts received as a result of taxation are directed. The essence of the environmental tax levied in Ukraine is investigated. The article analyzes the norms of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which regulate the object of taxation with an environmental tax. Factors influencing the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget are studied. First of all, these are the factors that lead to an increase in the tax base. In addition, higher environmental tax rates, which are set by the Tax Code of Ukraine for more hazardous pollutants, also affect the amount of environmental tax to be paid to the budget. The amount of environmental tax paid to the budget is also increased by special coefficients used in calculating the tax liability. It is proposed to apply tax benefits related to the construction of treatment facilities and the installation of treatment equipment when collecting environmental tax. The essence of the proposed environmental tax benefits is that the environmental taxpayer will be able to reduce part of the tax liability. This reduction is carried out by the amount of depreciation of fixed assets, which directly carry out the treatment of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere, discharges of pollutants into water bodies, etc. Some aspects of environmental tax accounting are considered.

Research on Environmental Tax to Affect the Economic Development and GHG Mitigation in Beijing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zou ◽  
Jun Nian Song ◽  
Takeshi Mizunoya ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Yoshiro Higano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
The Impact

As the most industrialized and urbanized region, Beijing plays as a demonstration role to show the impact of environmental policies on the economy development and GHG mitigation. In this paper, we constructed a dynamic input-output model introducing the different levels of environmental taxes. It not only can choose the optimal tax level, explore the relationships between economy and environment, but also can analyze the future trends of the economy and GHG intensity from 2010 to 2025. The objective function is the maximized GRP, subject to GHG emissions constraint and a series of subjective functions. The simulation results illustrated that with the GHG emissions constraint as 1.5 times of the 2010 level, carbon tax as 50 CNY/t CO2-e is effective to promote the economic development and GHG emissions mitigation. Annual growth rate of GRP can be up to 6.1%. The economic growth rate increases 0.3% compared with the condition when not introducing the policies. In 2025, the GHG intensity will be 43.5 t CO2-e/million CNY, 38.8% reduced compared with the 2010 level. This research proves that the proposed environmental tax is effective to promote the economic development and GHG mitigation.

Factors of Material Consumption in EU Countries in 2000–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Ivan Telega
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The use of natural resources is an important factor for environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. This problem is reflected in EU strategic documents, including Europe 2020 strategy, where one of the main initiatives is ”resource efficient Europe”. Materials Flow Accounts (MFA) are currently being developed, allowing to estimate the aggregate measures of demand and consumption of materials by each country. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of selected factors on the amount of resources consumed in selected European countries using panel regression models. Due to the availability of data, the study is limited to 2000–2015 period and European countries. According to the results obtained, the combined share of the construction, industrial and agriculture sectors, GDP PPS and final energy consumption per capita increase the demand on materials. The impact of environmental policy instruments in the form of taxes and fees has not been confirmed. In developed countries GDP growth is possible with a relatively smaller increase in material demand. This may be due to structural changes in the economies of developed countries, technological change, the implementation of recycling, and the use of incentives, such as environmental taxes. Undoubtedly, further studies of factors determining the volume of material demand are needed.

CAN CARBON TAX COMPLEMENT EMISSION TRADING SCHEME? THE IMPACT OF CARBON TAX ON ECONOMY, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 2041002
Author(s):  
BOQIANG LIN ◽  
ZHIJIE JIA
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Emission Trading Scheme ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Impact

The problems of excessive CO2 emissions and global warming caused by human activities are becoming more serious. Carbon Tax (CT) and Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) are popular emission mitigation mechanisms. This paper establishes four counter-factual (CF) scenarios with different CT rate, and constructs a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, named China Energy-Environment-Economy Analysis (CEEEA) model, to study the impact of different CT rate on the economy, energy and environment. The results indicate that if CT complement ETS, and the cap of ETS is based on grandfathering method, the carbon trading price will reduce due to the changes in carbon allowances demand and supply. CT can share the mitigation pressure from ETS coverages into non-ETS coverages. When CT complement ETS but nothing is changed in mechanism of emission trading, the total emission mitigation effect will reduce slightly but the mitigation cost will reduce significantly. All in all, using CT as the supplement is a good mitigation strategy to release Gross Domestic Product (GDP) loss. But if we want to get more mitigation effect, rising CT rate or a stricter carbon cap may help.

scholarly journals European Green Deal: Environmental Taxation and Its Sustainability in Conditions of High Levels of Corruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Igor Kotlán ◽  
Daniel Němec ◽  
Eva Kotlánová ◽  
Petr Skalka ◽  
Rudolf Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
The Impact

Despite environmental taxation’s presumed advantages for long-term sustainable development goals, the problematic institutional conditions associated with high levels of corruption could become a significant obstacle undermining these efforts. Taking the example of the Czech Republic as a benchmark, the aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of corruption and its implications on the size of the official and the shadow economy in the sector burdened with environmental excise tax while confronting it with the sector not burdened with such tax. In terms of methodology, an extended DSGE (Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) model has been used. In the case of the shadow economy, the two sectors, burdened and not burdened with environmental taxes, followed a similar trend. However, concerning the official economy, this research found out that if environmental taxation is not applied, then lower, non-systemic corruption has a positive effect on the size of production as the effect of increased workforce motivation clearly dominates, suppressing the effect of reduced capital accumulation. Conversely, in the sector burdened with environmental taxation, corruption has an almost unequivocally negative effect on the production economy. In this sense, corruption has the capacity to limit the implementation of sustainable development policies including the European Green Deal, especially if it is systemic in nature.

scholarly journals Eco-innovation vs. environmental taxation: what is more effective for state budget?

2021 ◽  
pp. 312-323
Author(s):  
Yegana Hakimova ◽  
Yaryna Samusevych ◽  
Shahla Alijanova ◽  
Esmira Guluzade
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of environmental taxes and the introduction of environmental innovations in terms of impact on the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The study includes 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovak Republic). The analysis period covers 2010–2019. Systematization of scientific research proves the importance of using different tools to ensure sustainable development and greening of the national economy. The main purpose of the study is to determine a more effective form of interaction between government and business in the process of transforming the national economy in the direction of more environmentally friendly products and technologies by economic and mathematical modeling of environmental taxes and eco-innovation impact of budget revenues and expenditures. The calculations consist on the several stages: 1) determining the list of relevant control variables using correlation analysis, which eliminates the problem of multicollinearity; 2) determination of the model specification (fixed or random effects) using the Hausman test; 3) identification of the generalizing effects of the impact of environmental taxation and the eco-innovation index on the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures using a generalized least squares panel regression model with random effects; 4) study of the impact of the main components of environmental taxes and components of the eco-innovation index on the parameters of the state budget using panel regression modelling; 5) determination of short-term and long-term effects of the impact of environmental taxes and eco-innovations on the parameters of budget revenues and expenditures bt auto-regression distributive lag modelling. Stata 12/SE software tools were used for calculations. The study indicates the need to transform approaches to the implementation of state environmental policy. Thus, it has been proven that government incentives for the introduction of environmental innovations in the economy can be more effective than increasing the burden of environmental taxes.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION PARAMETERS ON THE INDICATORS OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Я.В. Самусевич ◽  
М.В. Солодуха
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Ecosystem Protection ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the preconditions and peculiarities of the application of environmental taxation instruments for the implementation of the concept of “green” economy in the world. An analysis of world researches on the impact of environmental taxes on the indicators of sustainable development and socio-economic status has been conducted. Based on the analytical tools, a panel regression analysis of environmental taxation effects has been performed. The results of the assessment of the relationship between these indicators and the parameters of sustainable development should be the basis for the development of environmental policy aimed at reducing the burden on the environment and targeted funding for ecosystem protection. Prospects for further work are to develop guidelines for the formation of mechanisms for financial support of environmental activities and study the effectiveness of environmental and economic instruments of taxation.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATION MULTIPLEXIVE EFFICIENCY OF ECOLOGICAL TAXES ING NATIONAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaryna Samusevych ◽  
Olha Kuzmenko ◽  
Alina Vysochyna
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
The Impact

Increased interest in balancing environmental, energy and economic policy issues leads to the actualization of the search for comprehensive instruments of state influence. The intersectoral nature of environmental taxation shows a significant potential for its impact on the simultaneous provision of various areas of national security. The existence of multiplexed transmission links between the individual components of national security necessitated the development of a scientific and methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the impact of environmental taxes on national security in the context of building an optimal system of environmental taxation. The research is built as a sequence of interrelated stages. The selection of environmental taxes that have the potential to have multiplex effects on national security was determined using the Granger causality test. The components of national security that depend on the impact of environmental taxes are defined as environmental, energy and economic security. Transmission multiplexes that arise between individual components of national security are taken into account by aggregating them into an integral index according to the Kolmogorov-Gabor method. To determine the impact of individual environmental taxes and their combinations on national security, multiple linear and nonlinear ridge regression equations are constructed. The maximum level of national security that can be achieved as a result of environmental taxation is determined using a multi-parameter optimization model. Solving the optimization model allows determining the optimal structure of environmental taxes in the country. Determining the integrated levels of environmental, energy and economic security that correspond to the optimal level of national security achieved as a result of environmental taxation should be done through spectral analysis, which will take into account the links between the components of national security. The proposed approach creates a sound methodological basis for determining the directions of development of environmental taxes in order to achieve global and national public policy goals.

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