Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Research Site ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Village

This chapter introduces the study, its purpose and methods. It outlines the uncertain, drought-prone setting of the village of Kala, central Mali, and explores the links between labour, investment, crop production, livestock and migration at household level. A range of risks are identified, which play out over the short and longer term. Choice of research site and types of data collected are explored, covering labour, field size, crop harvests, household budgets, marriage, livestock and migration.

scholarly journals Development of multifactor index for assessing quality of life of a tribal population of India: multilevel analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagavandas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multilevel Factor Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Factor Index ◽  
The Village

Abstract Background The main objective of this study is to develop a multilevel multi-factor index to assess the quality of life of the Malayali tribal population of India at the household and village levels based on nine domains, namely, Demography, Economy, Health, Human Development, Infrastructure Development, Work Participation, Recreation, Social Capital and Self Perception. An attempt is made to classify the individuals as well as villages by the overall scores of a multi-factor -index within a community which will help policymakers to develop concrete policy recommendations for the improvement of the quality of life of this tribal group. Method Multilevel factor analysis is utilized to determine uncorrelated meaningful factors and their respective weights using Mplus software from the nested dataset consists of values of nine domains of 1096 individuals collected from 19 villages. A multilevel multi-factor index is constructed using the weights of these factors. The qualities of the lives of different households and different villages are assessed using the scores of this index. Results Three different factors are identified at household as well as village levels. The quality of life at Households and Village levels are classified as poor, low, moderate, good, and excellent based on five quintiles of the scores of the multi-factor index, and the contribution of each domain in this classification is ascertained. Discussion This study finds that at household as well as at village levels, the quality of life of the individuals of this tribal population increases with an increase in education, income, and occupation status which make them lead a healthy life and also make them to find time and money to spend on recreation. Infrastructure is not important at the household level but not so at the village level. Conclusion The main purpose of developing this kind of multi-factor index at different levels is to provide a tool for tribal development based on realistic data that can be used to monitor the key factors that encompass the social, health, environmental, and economic dimensions of quality of lives at the household and community levels of these tribal people.

scholarly journals Decoupling livestock and crop production at the household level in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqin Jin ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Bi Wu ◽  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Household Level

A Child of the City: a Longitudinal Study of Stratification and Migration in a Rajasthan Village

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Howard M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Abstract By reference to a multi-caste and tribal village in southern Rajasthan the paper examines the degree to which caste and tribal membership impacts on different aspects of migration, e.g. commencement, form, destination, duration, and types of work undertaken. Using a livelihoods approach, supplemented by other perspectives and concentrating on four migration streams (three domestic, one international), data collected over a period of nearly thirty-five years indicates that patterns of migration are far from random. It is argued that the use of official stratification categories in migration surveys can obscure important differences within caste groupings. Short-term circular migration, underestimated in national surveys, is shown to be substantial, especially for the tribal migrants in the village. While position in the social structure differentially affects aspects of migration across the village hierarchy, examples are given of individual migrant agency overcoming structural constraints.

The Asset-By-Asset Poverty Index

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mtapuri
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Point Index ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Village

This article pioneers an asset-by-asset point index, which represents a simple methodology that uses inputs rather than outputs of well-being to recognise the 'poor' on a point basis, household by household. It focuses on assets, which are a significant aspect of well-being in whose absence households may fall into deprivation. The index is well-suited for the production of localised indicators, as it allows disaggregation of data by a rural/urban divide and even at the village/household level, which facilitates area-based interventions. It is an asset-based measure, which will help to identify the poor and the type of help they need; it can thus be used as a monitoring tool at the household and community level. It represents an alternative approach to measuring household poverty.

scholarly journals Lessons learned from the national sanitation campaign in Njombe district, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Safari ◽  
Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Provident Dimoso ◽  
Winfrida Akyoo ◽  
Francis Odhiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Household Level ◽  
District Council ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Village

Abstract Sanitation remains one of the Sustainable Development Goals, with slow progress. Tanzania has been implementing the National Sanitation Campaign through a Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach since 2012. Njombe District Council (DC) has been identified to be among the best performing councils in the implementation of the sanitation campaign. A qualitative study was conducted to document how the CLTS was carried out in Njombe DC, assess progress on CLTS implementation and define the success factors for CLTS implementation. Findings show that CLTS intervention has resulted in increased coverage of improved latrines at a household level from 7.5% before the intervention in 2011 to 99.8% in September 2018. In addition, households with functional hand washing facilities have increased from 5.1% before the intervention to 94% in September 2018. Involvement of political leaders and government officials from the council level to the lowest governmental unit offered important support for CLTS implementation. The best mix of sanitation education, regulation and enforcement was instrumental in raising community awareness, changing collective behavior, making people comply with the village sanitation laws, and the overall success in the sanitation campaign.

scholarly journals Reviving Traditional Food Knowledge Through Food Festivals. The Case of the Pink Asparagus Festival in Mezzago, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele F. Fontefrancesco ◽  
Dauro M. Zocchi
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The article investigates the link between food festivals and traditional food knowledge and explores the role played by tourist events in disseminating local agricultural and gastronomic knowledge. This article presents the ethnographic case of the Pink Asparagus Festival in Mezzago in Italy, analyzing how the festival supported the continuation of crop production and its associated traditional knowledge in the village. In the face of a decline of asparagus production, the article highlights the role of the festival in fostering a revival of local food knowledge, which is also able to embrace modernization, at the same time maintaining a strong sense of the past and Mezzago's legacy. Thus, the article suggests that festivals are not just events aimed at commodifying local knowledge, but can be important tools to refresh and maintain local expertise, which is vital and pressing in the context of modern society, and strengthen and expand the relationship between members of the community, thus converting the festival into an endeavor to foster sociocultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (21) ◽  
pp. 5473-5478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Larsen ◽  
Frederik Noack
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Kern County ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
The Relationship

Agricultural landscape intensification has enabled food production to meet growing demand. However, there are concerns that more simplified cropland with lower crop diversity, less noncrop habitat, and larger fields results in increased use of pesticides due to a lack of natural pest control and more homogeneous crop resources. Here, we use data on crop production and insecticide use from over 100,000 field-level observations from Kern County, California, encompassing the years 2005–2013 to test if crop diversity, field size, and cropland extent affect insecticide use in practice. Overall, we find that higher crop diversity does reduce insecticide use, but the relationship is strongly influenced by the differences in crop types between diverse and less diverse landscapes. Further, we find insecticide use increases with increasing field size. The effect of cropland extent is distance-dependent, with nearby cropland decreasing insecticide use, whereas cropland further away increases insecticide use. This refined spatial perspective provides unique understanding of how different components of landscape simplification influence insecticide use over space and for different crops. Our results indicate that neither the traditionally conceived “simplified” nor “complex” agricultural landscape is most beneficial to reducing insecticide inputs; reality is far more complex.

Impacts of off-farm employment on groundwater irrigation in North China

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yin ◽  
Qiuqiong Huang ◽  
Yumeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between groundwater irrigation and off-farm employment with a set of household level data collected in North China. The results provide evidence that off-farm employment reduces both time spent on irrigation in terms of total hours of irrigation and the amount of groundwater pumped. However, these effects have not resulted in losses of crop production. In fact, water productivity measured as output value produced per m3of groundwater pumped is higher among households with off-farm employment. These seemingly contradictory findings are explained by the increased use of water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, underground pipes and/or lined canals. These technologies reduce seepage losses during the conveyance of groundwater as well as during irrigation of the fields. As a result, less groundwater needs to be pumped to achieve the same level of groundwater irrigation application rate in the field.

Irrigation water demand and implications for water pricing policy in rural China

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIUQIONG HUANG ◽  
SCOTT ROZELLE ◽  
RICHARD HOWITT ◽  
JINXIA WANG ◽  
JIKUN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper is to analyze whether reforming groundwater pricing has the potential to encourage water conservation and assess its impacts on crop production and producer income in rural China. Household-level water demands are estimated so that adjustments at both the intensive and extensive margins are captured. The results show that a large gap exists between the cost of water and the value of water to producers. Simulation analysis shows that reforming water pricing can induce water savings. However, the price of water needs to be raised to a relatively high level. We also find that the value-based policy is more effective than the cost-based policy since it generates larger water savings, given the same increase in the average price of water. While raising the price of water negatively affects crop production and crop income, higher water prices do not adversely affect the distribution of household income.

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