Energy Justice Along the ‘New Silk Road’

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
Anatole Boute
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Justice

Central Asia holds massive energy reserves, but its energy systems are generally unreliable and inefficient. Although the region’s energy prices are amongst the lowest in the world, increasing prices to improve utilities’ financial situations and ensuring the urgently needed investments are made are issues of high social and political sensitivity. Popular discontent with tariff increases has already helped to trigger regime change in Kyrgyzstan in 2010. Given the sensitivity of energy price increases and tight budgetary constraints in the region, what legal options are available to restore utilities’ financial viability without jeopardizing the affordability of energy supply? Focusing on procedural justice, this chapter argues that domestic courts have an important role to play in balancing utilities’ right to cost-recovery tariffs and consumers’ rights to affordable energy supply.

Disadvantage, Fairness, and Power Crises in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanri Mostert ◽  
Heleen van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Energy Justice

Realizing energy justice in Africa requires targeting the difficulties that the continent faces. Energy justice is a concept emanating from three philosophical notions, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and recognition justice. The practical challenges of achieving energy justice are illustrated well in the coal and oil industries of Africa, a continent plagued by the resource curse. Moreover, despite being energy-poor, African countries often export their mined fossil fuels, providing other parts of the world with the energy necessary to live productive and dignified lives. These considerations, in conjunction with Africa’s history of colonialism and the concomitant denial of people’s rights require distinct approaches to distributive, procedural, and recognition justice in extractive industries. This chapter outlines these approaches and explores uniquely African responses to some of the injustices that prevail in Africa’s extractive industries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Prices on Optimum Machinery Size and the Structure of Agriculture: A Georgia Example

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley N. Musser ◽  
Ulysses Marable
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Farm Machinery ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Components

In analyzing the impact of recent energy price increases on agriculture, agricultural economists have suggested the possibility of substitution of labor for farm machinery inputs [3, pp. 881-833] [17, pp. 195-196]. Since large energy input is embodied in farm machinery [14, p. 195], energy-price increases not only raised costs of machinery fuel, but also provided a cost-push effect on other fixed and variable machinery cost components. However, these potential price incentives have not been sufficient to reverse aggregate historical trends towards larger equipment in current machinery purchases [11, 15]. Understanding the nature of recent shifts in optimum machinery size on different farm sizes is important for consideration of future farm size and labor-capital structure of agriculture.

If Not Now, When? Energy Price Reform in Arab Countries; April 2017 Rabat, Morocco

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Price Reform ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
Energy Products

Regulating energy prices has been a common practice around the world. The objective is, generally, to facilitate access to energy products, which are central to people’s well-being and countries’ economic development. However, energy price regulation also leads to wasteful and excessive consumption, discourages investment in the energy sector, and locks in inefficient technologies. Low energy prices also result in subsidies that erode fiscal space, while benefits for the poor are limited. All these effects have been evident in Arab countries, where domestic energy prices are among the lowest in the world. The current environment of low oil prices offers a unique opportunity for change. Lessons from international experience suggest how well thought-out and sequenced reforms can be successful.

The Economic Effects of Energy Price Shocks

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Key Issues

Large fluctuations in energy prices have been a distinguishing characteristic of the U.S. economy since the 1970s. Turmoil in the Middle East, rising energy prices in the United States, and evidence of global warming recently have reignited interest in the link between energy prices and economic performance. This paper addresses a number of the key issues in this debate: What are energy price shocks and where do they come from? How responsive is energy demand to changes in energy prices? How do consumer's expenditure patterns evolve in response to energy price shocks? How do energy price shocks affect U.S. real output, inflation, and stock prices? Why do energy price increases seem to cause recessions but energy price decreases do not seem to cause expansions? Why has there been a surge in the price of oil in recent years? Why has this new energy price shock not caused a recession so far? Have the effects of energy price shocks waned since the 1980s and, if so, why? As the paper demonstrates, it is critical to account for the endogeneity of energy prices and to differentiate between the effects of demand and supply shocks in energy markets when answering these questions.

A restricted Leontief profit function model of the Canadian lumber and chip industry: potential impacts of US countervail and Kyoto ratification

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1833-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Williamson ◽  
G Hauer ◽  
M K Luckert
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Production Decision

Estimation of output supplies and factor demands with a range of functional forms provides a basis for bounding possible supply responses to exogenous shocks. No prior study, to our knowledge, has used a generalized Leontief functional form to estimate lumber and chip supply responses in Canada. The own price lumber supply elasticities estimated from the restricted Leontief profit functional form used in this study are lower than those presented in most other studies, while the lumber supply response with respect to roundwood price change is somewhat higher than some studies. We simulate the impacts of current US countervail processes on Canadian lumber supply. The simulated responses to duties might be considered to be conservative estimates, while the lumber supply responses to roundwood price increases could be on the high end of expected responses. Estimation of profit and supply functions indicates that rather than being a distinct production decision, chip supply follows lumber supply. The supply responses of chips and lumber to the various combinations of duty, roundwood price increases, and energy price increases indicate a number of patterns. First, if Kyoto policies increase energy prices (up to 10%), these changes are not likely to have a large impact on lumber and chip production. Second, British Columbia and Quebec tend to have lumber and chip supplies that are more sensitive to duties and increased roundwood prices than Ontario. Third, Quebec is more sensitive to roundwood price increases, while British Columbia is more sensitive to the effects of duties.

Aftershocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
National Borders

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.

scholarly journals Profitability of Various Energy Supply Systems in Light of Their Different Energy Prices and Climate Conditions

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Jalilzadehazhari ◽  
Georgios Pardalis ◽  
Amir Vadiee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Supply Systems

The majority of the single-family houses in Sweden are affected by deteriorations in building envelopes as well as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. These dwellings are, therefore, in need of extensive renovation, which provides an excellent opportunity to install renewable energy supply systems to reduce the total energy consumption. The high investment costs of the renewable energy supply systems were previously distinguished as the main barrier in the installation of these systems in Sweden. House-owners should, therefore, compare the profitability of the energy supply systems and select the one, which will allow them to reduce their operational costs. This study analyses the profitability of a ground source heat pump, photovoltaic solar panels and an integrated ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic system, as three energy supply systems for a single-family house in Sweden. The profitability of the supply systems was analysed by calculating the payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) for these systems. Three different energy prices, three different interest rates, and two different lifespans were considered when calculating the IRR and PBP. In addition, the profitability of the supply systems was analysed for four Swedish climate zones. The analyses of results show that the ground source heat pump system was the most profitable energy supply system since it provided a short PBP and high IRR in all climate zones when compared with the other energy supply systems. Additionally, results show that increasing the energy price improved the profitability of the supply systems in all climate zones.

Potentialanalyse einer energiepreis- orientierten Reihenfolgebildung*/Potential analysis of an energy price-oriented sequencing - Integration of volatile energy prices in the manufacturing control to reduce energy costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (09) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
S. Willeke ◽  
M. Stonis ◽  
P. Prof. Nyhuis
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Price ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Compliance Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Control ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Rule ◽  
Production Orders ◽  
Save Energy

Durch die Zunahme der Einspeisungen erneuerbarer Energien nimmt die Volatilität des Strompreises stetig zu. Unter Berücksichtigung dieses Sachverhaltes können produzierende Unternehmen durch die Anwendung einer energiepreisorientierten Reihenfolgeregel Energiekosten sparen. Da die Anwendung dieser Reihenfolgeregel nicht nur Auswirkungen auf die Energiekosten hat, wird in diesem Fachbeitrag eine Potentialanalyse vorgestellt, welche neben den Energiekosten zusätzlich die Termineinhaltungskosten von Fertigungsaufträgen berücksichtigt.   As a result of the increasing feed-in of renewable energies, the volatility of the electricity price rises. Considering this, manufacturers can save energy costs by applying an energy price-oriented sequencing rule. Since the application of this sequencing rule does not only have an impact on the energy costs, a potential analysis is presented in this article which, in addition to the energy costs, also considers the schedule compliance cost of production orders.

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