Fatal overdose

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Harold Thimbleby
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Fatal Overdose

Denise Melanson died after a calculation error that led to a drug overdose. What can we learn from the incident?

scholarly journals Improvement Dependability of Offshore Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines by Applying New Mathematical Methods for Calculation the Excess Speed in Case of Wind Gusts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3085
Author(s):  
Konstantin Osintsev ◽  
Seregei Aliukov ◽  
Alexander Shishkov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Approximation Schemes ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Wind Gusts ◽  
Gas Dynamic

The problem of increasing the reliability of wind turbines exists in the development of new offshore oil and natural gas fields. Reducing emergency situations is necessary due to the autonomous operation of drilling rigs and bulk seaports in the subarctic and Arctic climate. The relevance of the topic is linked with the development of a methodology for theoretical and practical studies of gas dynamics when gas flows in a pipe, based on a mathematical model using new mathematical methods for calculation of excess speeds in case of wind gusts. Problems in the operation of offshore wind turbines arise with storm gusts of wind, which is comparable to the wave movement of the gas flow. Thus, the scientific problem of increasing the reliability of wind turbines in conditions of strong wind gusts is solved. The authors indicate a gross error in the calculations when approximating through the use of the Fourier series. The obtained results will allow us to solve one of the essential problems of modeling at this stage of its development, namely: to reduce the calculation time and the adequacy of the model built for similar installations and devices. Experimental studies of gas-dynamic flows are carried out on the example of a physical model of a wind turbine. In addition, a computer simulation of the gas-dynamic flow process was carried out. The use of new approximation schemes in processing the results of experiments and computer simulation can reduce the calculation error by 1.2 percent.

scholarly journals Restoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Sunshine ◽  
Antonino M. Cassarà ◽  
Esra Neufeld ◽  
Nir Grossman ◽  
Thomas H. Mareci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Low Amplitude

AbstractRespiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that a stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid overdose in rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires in the neck immediately activated the diaphragm and restored ventilation in phase with waveform offset (1 Hz or 60 breaths/min). Following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI stimulation via dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- or bilaterally activated the diaphragm depending on current and electrode position. In silico modeling indicated that an interferential signal in the ventral spinal cord predicted the evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) and current-ratio-based steering. We conclude that TI stimulation can activate spinal motor neurons after SCI and prevent fatal apnea during drug overdose by restoring ventilation with minimally invasive electrodes.

Accuracy of Medical Examiner’s Assessment for Near–Real-Time Surveillance of Fatal Drug Overdoses, King County, Washington, March 2017–February 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110084
Author(s):  
Kirsten Vannice ◽  
Julia Hood ◽  
Nicole Yarid ◽  
Meagan Kay ◽  
Richard Harruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
King County ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Drug Overdoses

Objectives Up-to-date information on the occurrence of drug overdose is critical to guide public health response. The objective of our study was to evaluate a near–real-time fatal drug overdose surveillance system to improve timeliness of drug overdose monitoring. Methods We analyzed data on deaths in the King County (Washington) Medical Examiner’s Office (KCMEO) jurisdiction that occurred during March 1, 2017–February 28, 2018, and that had routine toxicology test results. Medical examiners (MEs) classified probable drug overdoses on the basis of information obtained through the death investigation and autopsy. We calculated sensitivity, positive predictive value, specificity, and negative predictive value of MEs’ classification by using the final death certificate as the gold standard. Results KCMEO investigated 2480 deaths; 1389 underwent routine toxicology testing, and 361 were toxicologically confirmed drug overdoses from opioid, stimulant, or euphoric drugs. Sensitivity of the probable overdose classification was 83%, positive predictive value was 89%, specificity was 96%, and negative predictive value was 94%. Probable overdoses were classified a median of 1 day after the event, whereas the final death certificate confirming an overdose was received by KCMEO an average of 63 days after the event. Conclusions King County MEs’ probable overdose classification provides a near–real-time indicator of fatal drug overdoses, which can guide rapid local public health responses to the drug overdose epidemic.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tunnel Water Inrush Considering the Influence of Surrounding Rock Permeability Coefficient by Excavation Disturbance and Ground Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3645
Author(s):  
Helin Fu ◽  
Pengtao An ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Guowen Cheng ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
External Water Pressure ◽  
Ground Stress ◽  
External Water ◽  
Inflow Prediction

Affected by the coupling of excavation disturbance and ground stress, the heterogeneity of surrounding rock is very common. Presently, treating the permeability coefficient as a fixed value will reduce the prediction accuracy of the water inflow and the external water pressure of the structure, leading to distortion of the prediction results. Aiming at this problem, this paper calculates and analyzes tunnel water inflow when considering the heterogeneity of permeability coefficient of surrounding rock using a theoretical analysis method, and compares with field data, and verifies the rationality of the formula. The research shows that, when the influence of excavation disturbance and ground stress on the permeability coefficient of surrounding rock is ignored, the calculated value of the external water force of the tunnel structure is too small, and the durability and stability of the tunnel are reduced, which is detrimental to the safety of the structure. Considering the heterogeneity of surrounding rock, the calculation error of water inflow can be reduced from 27.3% to 13.2%, which improves the accuracy of water inflow prediction to a certain extent.

Machine read frontal QRS-T angle and QTc is no substitute for manual measurement of QTc in pro-arrhythmic drug overdose

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Eric Jiang ◽  
Jacques E. Raubenheimer ◽  
Geoffrey K. Isbister ◽  
Betty S.H. Chan ◽  
Nicholas A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Manual Measurement

scholarly journals Confronting Two Crises: The COVID-19 Pandemic, the Opioid Epidemic, and the Industrial Hygienist

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110295
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rosen ◽  
Peter Harnett
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
Industrial Hygienist

This article was originally written for and published in the January 2021 issue of The Synergist, a monthly publication of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. The article addresses the convergence of the COVID-19 and opioid crises, the impact of the opioid crisis on the workplace and workers, and the role that industrial hygienists can play in developing workplace programs to prevent and respond to opioid misuse. While the article is specifically written for industrial hygienists, the review and recommendations will be useful to others who are developing workplace opioid prevention programs. Note that the data presented in this article were current as of January 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s latest available data are for the twelve-month period ending October 2020 and include 88,990 total overdose deaths and 91,862 predicted, when reporting is completed. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm (accessed on 15 June 2021).

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