Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 518-526
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
The World

The diverse horde of nineteenth-century utopian visions was united by a consistent call to abolish urbanism and replace it with a future in gardens. A short discussion of the consequences of these visions in real landscapes of the twentieth century is presented in this conclusion: the suburban revolution has evolved in ways that would probably have prompted ambivalence in the minds of many Victorians, had they lived to see their dreams come true in some ways, and fail in others. Their longing for reform was often motivated by genuine desires to improve the lives of their fellow beings, although it is also a tragic fact that their altruism was often tarnished by bigotry, arrogance, simplistic thinking, and other corrupting influences. In the end, perhaps the most valuable legacy of the Victorian utopian visionaries is their demonstration of the incredible power of human dreams to change our world—and the need for humans to continue dreaming, with compassion and humility, to make the world better, in part by undoing the damage of old dreams that have become modern nightmares.

David Brown's Divine Humanity

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Kathryn Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
The World ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
The Way

The contributions of this fine book are many but I will concentrate on three, before turning to several more critical remarks.First, and most obviously, the book does the invaluable service of surveying developments in kenotic christology in the nineteenth century while situating them nicely in their different contexts of origin and with reference to lines of mutual influence: continental, Scottish and British trends are all canvassed rather masterfully. Some attention, in lesser detail, is also given to the way these christological trends are extended in the twentieth century to accounts of the Trinity and God's relation to the world generally: kenosis, the self-emptying or self-limiting action of God, in the incarnation, is now viewed as a primary indication of who God is and how God works, from creation to salvation.

Edwin Ginn's Commitment to World Government

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Arthur N. Holcombe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Politics ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Victorian Poetry ◽  
World Government ◽  
Ballistic Missiles ◽  
The World ◽  
Higher Law ◽  
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Edwin Ginn's vision of world peace, as recorded in his last will and testament, involved him in a commitment to world government. World government, however, is an objective which seems to many mid-twentieth century observers of international politics excessively visionary. The nineteenth-century dream of a parliament of man, a federation of the world, fills a bright page in Victorian poetry. But much contemporary prose is written by men whose vision is obscured by space rockets, intercontinental ballistic missiles, atomic bombs, and other lethal weapons of ultramodern warfare. They see only a world of heavily armed, self-styled sovereign states bent on the protection of alleged vital interests and on the defense of so-called national honor with little patience for the restraints of any higher law designed to prevent them from making war upon one another.

scholarly journals Brazilian plant specimens at the Regnellian herbarium: history and repatriation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brazilian Flora

Abstract This article visits the history of Brazil-Sweden's partnership in botany and the contribution of Anders Fredrik Regnell and other botanical collectors to the knowledge of Brazilian flora. The importance of the herbarium of Stockholm (S) is widely recognized for its collections of Brazilian plants, one of the largest in the world. The majority of the collections from Brazil date from the period between the second half of nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The main collectors of Brazilian flora from that phase, whose bulk of collections are in Stockholm are Anders Regnell, Gustaf Malme, Per Dusén, Carl Lindman and many others sponsored by the Regnellian fund. The herbarium also houses substantial collections of August Glaziou, a great contributor to the knowledge of the flora of state of Goiás, and Adolf Ducke, pioneer in the taxonomy of Amazonian tree species. The cooperation between Brazil and Sweden is currently being renewed through Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden and the Reflora Program, allowing repatriation of Brazilian specimens housed in Stockholm.

Global Islam: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nile Green
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Global Islam: A Very Short Introduction looks at the methods used by individuals, organizations, and states to spread multiple versions of Islam around the world. Since the late nineteenth century, publications, missions, congresses, and pilgrimages have contributed to the communication and evolution of Islam. At the start of the twentieth century, the infrastructure of European empire allowed for the widespread communication of Islamic beliefs. During a period of secularism in the mid-twentieth century, global Islam became more accessible and, in some cases, more political. How have today’s broadcasting and smartphone technologies changed the face of global Islam? Will communication technologies reconcile the contradictions between variations of the faith, or will they create new ones?

Anglicanism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Knight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Church And State ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Mission History ◽  
Anglican Theology

This chapter analyses the ways nineteenth-century Anglicanism has been studied by scholars. Three different traditions of historiography are identified and explored. The first approach is interested in internal ecclesiastical debates, in relations between Church and state, and in wider social change. A brief discussion of the historiography of the Oxford Movement illustrates how academic approaches to this topic have developed since the 1840s. The second approach is scholarly immersion in nineteenth-century Anglican theology, which remained influential for most of the twentieth century. However, it fell out of favour from the 1980s, as new styles of theology became more fashionable. The third approach is the study of Anglicanism outside the British Isles. This developed from a focus on mission history and the development of the Anglican Communion, to more recent appreciation of global Anglicanism, seeking to do justice to the experience of Anglicans, wherever they live in the world.

Tracing the Fur Trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Interethnic Relationships

The origins of historical archaeology in the Pacific Northwest of North America in the mid-twentieth century concentrated on the excavations of British terrestrial fur trade forts, but little synthesis and inter-site comparisons of available data has been completed. This chapter presents a comparative typological analysis of these early-nineteenth-century British and Chinese ceramic wares recovered from the Northwest Company’s Fort Okanogan (ca. 1811–1821), Fort Spokane (ca. 1810–1821), Fort George (ca. 1811–1821) and the Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver (ca. 1825–1860). This study helps to reveal the extent that early Victorian ideals gave precedence to the supply of British manufactured goods to these colonial outposts on the opposite side of the world and what the presence of these ceramic wares may reveal about the complex interethnic relationships and socioeconomic statuses of the occupants of these forts and the Native Americans who engaged in trade with these forts.

Serbian Oral Tales of the AaTh 505-508 Type

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Даниела Попович Николич
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Grateful Dead ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
Oral Stories

Рассказ о благодарном мертвеце (AaTh 505-508) широко распространен в прозаическом фольклорном фонде многих народов мира. В его основе находится повествование о человеке, хоронящем мертвеца, который потом становится помощником и спутником, помогающим герою рассказа в женитьбе и приобретении богатства. В многочисленных исследованиях выделяются, среди прочего, разные варианты этого рассказа, определяются типы, модификации типов и их сложные взаимосвязи, регистрируются мотивы и сюжеты в письменных текстах, анализируются их сходства и отличия в рамках поэтических систем, к которым они относятся. В настоящей работе автор уделяет внимание тем вариантам этого рассказа, которые существуют в сербском прозаическом фонде, их тематическо-мотивной структуре, основным характеристикам главных персонажей в повествовательных ситуациях и событиях, а также сравнению с литературными источниками и элементам взаимопроникновения устных текстов разных жанров: сказки, легендарного рассказа и предания. Сербские устные рассказы о благодарном мертвеце записывались с первой половины XIX в., имеются и записи более позднего времени - второй половины XX в. Зафиксированные в самых ранних перечнях вариантов, эти рассказы свидетельствуют о наличии определенных международных моделей, а также о примерах их модификации в разных масштабах, в зависимости от территории и рамок традиции. The tale of the grateful dead man (AaTh 505-508) is widely known in the folklore of many nations of the world. In it the protagnist buries a dead man who comes alive and turns into the protagonist’s ally and companion and who helps the hero marry and acquire wealth. In this article, the author concentrates on the variants of this folktale type in Serbian, examining their theme-motif structure and the essential characteristics of the main protagonists. She also analyzes their literary sources and the interpenetration of oral texts of different genres (fairy tales, legendary stories and legends). Serbian oral stories about the grateful dead have been recorded since the first half of the nineteenth century; there are also accounts from the second half of the twentieth century. These stories, for which their earliest variants are preserved, reveal the existence of particuar international types as well as of adaptations to particular locations and traditions.

The 1904 epidemic of cholera in Persia: some aspects of qājār society

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Burrell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One

Of all the diseases which afflicted mankind in the nineteenth century cholera has a good claim to the unenviable title of being the most dreaded. It was certainly the one which prompted the first sustained efforts to devise and implement international sanitary conventions. The reasons why cholera was so feared are many. Until the second decade of the century it was confined to the Indian subcontinent—where it had probably existed since ancient times—and medical knowledge of it elsewhere was practically nil. In 1817, however, maritime trade carried the infection to other lands and thus began the first period of diffusion which lasted for some six years. By the early years of the twentieth century a further five massive epidemics had occurred, almost every country in the world had been affected and the cumulative death toll was measured in millions. Persia, being so close to the original source of infection, suffered in every one of those epidemics and also from several other more limited and localized outbreaks.

scholarly journals Issues related to the statutory ban on eugenic abortion in Poland (in the opinion of representatives of the community of people with disabilities)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzenna Zaorska ◽  
Adam Zaorski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Methods Of Control

The issues of eugenics, although they clearly emerged as late as in the second half of the nineteenth century, was not unknown to humanity in the distant ancient times. From the moment when F. Galton consolidated the theses currently recognized as eugenics, simultaneously introducing the concepts of “eugenics” and “eugenic”, eugenics very quickly found its supporters around the world. Its exceptional exemplification and development was noted in the first half of the twentieth century, which absolutely does not mean that it does not exist nowadays in a different form, using other methods of control and elimination of imperfections of the Homo Sapiens species, as well as undesirable social phenomena. This includes activities not only aimed at prevention, diagnosis or therapy of individual and civilization problems, but are also more radical ones, such as abortion carried out for eugenic purposes. Thus, the content of the article not only discusses eugenic issues in the theoretical context, but also presents opinions of selected groups of people with disabilities,participating in the implementation of the project entitled: “Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a Common Matter”, conducted in Poland in 2016–2018, concerning the proposal to introduce a total ban on eugenic abortion into Polish legislation.

scholarly journals Aesthetics of Modernist Literature: a Style Analysis of Three Texts from T. S. Eliot, S. Beckett and V. Woolf´s Writings as Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Nasr-edine OUAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Samuel Beckett ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Nonlinear Structures ◽  
Style Analysis ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Human Condition

This paper explores analytical and stylistic tools in the discourse of modernist literature as epitomized in three canonical works of three influential modernist literary figures: Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot and Samuel Beckett. The paper shows how, upon meditation on the lived reality of Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, modernist literature writers resort to fragmented language, mythical usages, and nonlinear structures to respond to the much ravaging and grotesque events witnessed by the world in general and Europe in particular in this epoch. Reflecting the compartmentalized and Balkanized reality of the world through its dazzling stylistic and figurative innovations, modernist literature sought to shock audiences, to lead bare the inconsistency of the human condition. This goes in parallel with an emerging philosophy that turned conventions upside down in different domains: ethics and morals, religion, history, economy, politics, aesthetics, arts, and language among others.  

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