Executive Functions and Writing Skills in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hooper ◽  
Lara Costa ◽  
Edmund Fernandez ◽  
Alexandra Barker ◽  
Courtney Valdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Aspects

In this chapter we provide an overview of what is known and unknown about the relationships between executive functions (EF) and written expression in children and adolescents, with an emphasis on evidence-based developmental associations and dissociations between various EF and writing skills in children and adolescents. We provide an overview of several key models of EF that are applicable to written expression, highlighting critical aspects of these models with respect to their importance for writing skills. What is known and unknown about the relationships between selected EF and writing skills for children and adolescents also is described. Based on these evidence-based findings, important associations and disassociations are underscored—when either suspected or supported by the available empirical literature. Finally, the chapter concludes with targeted directions for future research into advancing our understanding of these relationships across the paediatric developmental spectrum.

Child and Adolescent Depression

Depression ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 399-417
Author(s):  
Andrew Diederich ◽  
Jessica M. Jones ◽  
Graham J. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Irritable Mood

Early onset depression is prevalent and causes significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial impairment. Evidence-based psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments are available for depressed youth, but many children and adolescents do not receive sufficient treatment. Pediatric and adult depressive disorders involve essentially the same symptoms, with the exception of irritability, as depressed youth may present with irritable mood in the absence of explicit sadness. This chapter examines aspects of depression that are unique to children and adolescents. It focuses on diagnosis and symptomatology, epidemiology, and pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and other treatments. The chapter also addresses barriers to treatment of early onset depression and future research directions.

What Makes Same-Sex Relationships Endure?

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Sharon S. Rostosky ◽  
Ellen D. B. Riggle
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
The Stability

This chapter asks, What contributes to the stability of same-sex couples?—or, in other words, Why do same-sex couples stay together? First, it reviews and critiques the empirical literature on stability and longevity in same-sex couple relationships. It then argues for the utility of more consistently integrating theories from relationship science that focus on investments, commitment, and intimate relationship interaction processes with the theory of minority stress. It suggests this integration will better reflect the lived experience of social stigma that continues to influence same-sex relationship stability. It ends with suggestions for future research to increase knowledge needed to build supportive, evidence-based interventions.

Assessment and Case Conceptualization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce D. McLeod ◽  
Julia R. Cox ◽  
Ruben G. Martinez ◽  
Lillian M. Christon
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Future Research Directions

Evidence-based assessment and case conceptualization are two important components of evidence-based practice. Using assessment data gathered over the course of treatment to inform case conceptualization helps clinicians tailor evidence-based treatments to meet the needs of individual children and adolescents. The main goal of this chapter is to describe and illustrate the roles evidence-based assessment and case conceptualization play in informing the process of psychosocial treatment for children and adolescents from the initial intake through termination. a framework guided by six principles for using assessment to inform the treatment process is presented. Then, how this framework can be used to develop and refine a science-informed case conceptualization through a series of five sequential stages is discussed. This process is illustrated with a case example. The chapter concludes with future research directions for assessment and case conceptualization to better inform evidence-based practice.

Therapist Characteristics and Interventions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krister Fjermestad ◽  
Bryce D. McLeod ◽  
Carrie B. Tully ◽  
Juliette M. Liber
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Therapist Characteristics ◽  
Therapist Competence ◽  
Client Involvement ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Youth Therapy

This chapter reviews the empirical literature on factors that might influence the development and maintenance of the alliance and client involvement in youth therapy. Thus, our review of the literature is conducted through the lens of the evidence-based practice movement, which emphasizes the importance of tailoring the delivery of evidence-based treatments to individual clients. We present a conceptual model designed to explain how therapy produces change in youth, focusing on process and outcome through therapeutic interventions hypothesized to strengthen the alliance and maximize client involvement Then we use the model as a framework for reviewing the empirical evidence demonstrating that therapist characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and therapist competence influence the therapist–client alliance and client involvement. The chapter concludes with clinical implications and suggested future research directions.

Developmental differences in the phenomenology of depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAHR WEISS ◽  
JUDY GARBER
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Design Issues

Most researchers and clinicians now agree that children and adolescents are able to develop depressive disorders, and there also appears to be consensus that developmental level has relatively little influence on the phenomenology of the depression. The present paper examines the validity of this latter assumption from methodological, theoretical, and empirical perspectives. We first review reasons why there might be developmental differences in the symptoms that define depression, and then discuss the implications and significance if such differences do or do not exist. Next, we highlight methodological and design issues relevant to the appropriate evaluation of this question. Then, we propose that this broad developmental question actually is comprised of two subquestions—one focusing on symptoms and the other focused at the syndrome level—that have not yet been clearly differentiated in the field. Finally, after conducting a meta-analysis of the current empirical literature and reviewing its limitations, recommendations are made regarding future research in this area.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

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