Generalization through Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Hyeong-ki Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Collective Deliberation

This final chapter examines the generalizability of our findings by considering other East Asian developmental state (DS) countries, including Japan, Taiwan, and China. Theoretical implication of this book mainly includes organizational adaptability and institutional changes through elite competition. First, this book claims that the reason why East Asian developmental states, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China, could sustain economic development over quite a long period is not due to some fixed institutional elements such as centralized, cohesive, and strong states. Contrary to the DS literature, elite competition can be beneficial to economic success through collective deliberation and flexible adaptation if they are properly coordinated into collaboration for shared goals like economic development and national competitiveness. In addition, this book concludes that unlike the institutionalist DS literature, this book emphasizes changes by competition to better account for endogenous changes.

scholarly journals Redesign or demise of old Developmental States? East Asia in the post-financial crisis of 2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-711
Author(s):  
Roberta Rodrigues Marques da Silva ◽  
Rafael Shoenmann de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

ABSTRACT This article investigates comparatively the recent developmental dynamics of four East Asian political economies: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China. We analyze how the critical juncture engendered by the systemic crisis of the US subprime impacted on its State capabilities, particularly regarding industrial policy, being mediated by the respective regulatory and institutional frameworks. Additionally, we compare the impacts of the 2008 crisis and the previous Asian regional crisis of 1997. Our findings indicate that State capabilities, associated to the historical construction of a Developmental State, were a central feature to understand the resilience of each political economy.

Approaches to Skills in the Asian Developmental States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Sung ◽  
Arwen Raddon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Training ◽  
Over Time

The developmental state model was proposed in the early 1990s as a better means of understanding the mechanisms underlying the rapid growth of the Asian Tiger economies, when compared to classic economic models. The national skills systems of South Korea and Singapore are examined in order to consider how the Asian developmental state approach has worked in practice. It is shown that, whilst the state identifies and firmly guides the direction of economic development, the market plays a fundamental role in the concrete delivery of long-term economic objectives. Within this approach, education and training act as a vehicle to achieve broader economic and social development goals. Examples are used to consider how these systems changed throughout the industrialisation process. We reflect on some of the challenges faced over time, which have put the long-term viability of the developmental state approach in question. Most notable is the gradual erosion of the state’s ability to lead capital and labour in order to achieve long- rather than short-term goals, particularly in the face of globalisation.

The Role of Rural Institutions and State Campaigns in Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-48
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Rural Institutions

This chapter discusses the role of rural institutions and state campaigns in development. Most accounts of rural development in East Asia privilege the role of land reform and the emergence of developmental states. However, this narrative is incomplete. A thorough examination of rural sector change in the region reveals the transformative effects of rural modernization campaigns, which can be defined as policies demanding high levels of bureaucratic and popular mobilization to overhaul traditional ways of life in the countryside. East Asian governments' use of campaigns runs counter to standard portrayals of the developmental state as wholly technocratic and demonstrates that rural development was not the inevitable result of industrialization. Rather, it was an intentional policy goal accomplished with techniques that aligned more with Maoism or Leninism than with market principles or careful economic management. The chapter begins by assessing common explanations for East Asian rural development in the post-World War II period. It then turns to the case of China and explores some of the reasons for rural policy failures in the Mao era (1949–1976) and successes in the reform era (1978–present). Finally, the chapter revisits the case of Japan and concludes with a few points about why existing theories of state-led development need to be reexamined.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of State-Led Development in Myanmar (1988–2010) and Suharto's Indonesia: An Approach from the Developmental State Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Khaing Myo Tun
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
The Military

This article explores the institutionalization of state-led development in Myanmar after 1988 in comparison with Suharto's Indonesia. The analysis centres on the characteristics and theory of developmental states that emerged from the studies of East Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, Suharto's Indonesia was perceived as a successful case and was studied by scholars in line with the characteristics of the developmental state. The Tatmadaw (military) government in Myanmar was believed to follow the model of state-led development in Indonesia under Suharto where the military took the role of establishing economic and political development. However, Myanmar has yet to achieve its goal of building a successful state-led development. Therefore, this paper argues that implementing an efficient and effective institutionalization is essential for a successful state-led development (developmental state) in Myanmar.

Habits of Multilateralism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Final Section ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
Supranational Institutions

This chapter shows how regional multilateralism contributed to the decline in mass atrocities. It proceeds in three main parts. First, it charts the rise of East Asian multilateralism and shows how the “ASEAN way” developed and was gradually exported to the rest of the region giving rise to both common rules and informal practices that have helped facilitate the decline of mass atrocities by promoting state consolidation and economic development whilst managing disputes between states. The second part of the chapter examines some of these norms and practices in more detail, showing how regional multilateralism has contributed to the decline of mass atrocities through normative socialization and conflict management. The final section turns to some of the perceived limits of multilateralism, focusing in particular on the incapacity of the region’s supranational institutions, the absence of shared identities, and the region’s inability to resolve protracted disputes.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Performance in Supporting Economic Development of Countries: An Empirical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Diana Rusu ◽  
Angela Roman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Future Economic Development

Abstract Entrepreneurship is recognized as one of the factors stimulating economic growth and increasing economic competitiveness. In addition, the Europe 2020 Strategy has focused its attention on entrepreneurship as a key factor of economic growth, social progress, and employment. In this context, our study examines the role of entrepreneurial performance for sustaining the development of countries, focusing on a sample of European countries. We attempt to reveal if increasing entrepreneurial performance would have significant influence on improving the economic position of countries and their future economic development. Starting from the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme we use a set of entrepreneurial performance indicators as independent variables and examine to what extent they can influence competitiveness and economic growth, seen as dependent variables of the models. We focus on a period of 10 years (2008–2017) and we apply panel-data estimation techniques. Because the period considered includes the period of the last international financial crisis, we also include in our analysis a dummy variable. Our results emphasize that the changes in entrepreneurial performance play a significant role in enhancing national competitiveness and economic growth. Our findings contribute to the expansion of literature in the field by providing evidence on the correlation of indicators that measure entrepreneurial performance with national competitiveness and economic growth. Moreover, our findings point out the need of the policy makers to adopt measures and policies that help and stimulate entrepreneurs to become more performant because they can generate positive effects to the economy as a whole.

Programmatic Configurations for the Twenty-First-Century Developmental State in Urban Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Fuzzy Set Analysis ◽  
Twenty First Century

Supplementing a traditional focus on economic dimensions of development, sociologists now frequently examine the origins of macro-level growth in human capabilities. One emergent theoretical framework for doing so emphasizes the promise of “twenty-first-century developmental states” for broadening delivery of capability-enhancing public services like health and education. Nevertheless, the configurations of state-society actors that are consistently willing and able to construct such institutions are far from obvious, highlighting a missing-agent problem at the core of the framework. The article addresses this gap by tracing Brazil's historic improvements in social development to what I call “programmatic configurations,” or broad-based alliances of civil and political society actors that ameliorate vexing public problems by building democratic institutions and state capacities needed to enact rights-based social policies. It argues that frequent local office-holding by “sanitarista” activists from the country's most important health movement, the Sanitarist Movement, has been essential for constituting the programmatic configurations that maximized social development across urban Brazil in recent decades. More specifically, a brief historical account of the movement and fuzzy-set analysis show that programmatic configurations assembled by sanitaristas in Brazil's largest capitals have generally been a sufficient condition for maximizing improvement over time in three outcomes: infant-mortality reduction, municipal spending on health and sanitation, and municipal delivery of primary public health care. I correspondingly argue for broadening the twenty-first-century developmental state framework to accommodate how programmatic configurations—and the pragmatically inclined civil society activists at their core—can contribute to democratic state-building for social development.

scholarly journals Four Asian Tigers' Political and Economic Development Revisited 1998-2017: From the Perspective of National Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol .4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Dong-Ching Day
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Identity ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Identity Issue ◽  
Better Than

Developmental state used to be and is still regarded as a very practical theory to explain why Four Asian Tigers-Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore enjoyed almost averagely double-digit economic growth rate each year from 1970 to 1990 as well as East Asian economic development. However, developmental state theory couldn’t tell why South Korea and Singapore’s economic development had done much better than Taiwan and Hong Kong’s in terms of GDP per capita after 2003 and 2004 respectively. The aim of the study is trying to use national identity perspective to explain why it happens like this, since Four Asian Tigers’ economic development more or less was troubled by national identity issue. The major difference between these two groups is that South Korea and Singapore have done better in dealing with national identity issue than Taiwan and Hong Kong.

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