scholarly journals Redesign or demise of old Developmental States? East Asia in the post-financial crisis of 2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-711
Author(s):  
Roberta Rodrigues Marques da Silva ◽  
Rafael Shoenmann de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Developmental Dynamics

ABSTRACT This article investigates comparatively the recent developmental dynamics of four East Asian political economies: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China. We analyze how the critical juncture engendered by the systemic crisis of the US subprime impacted on its State capabilities, particularly regarding industrial policy, being mediated by the respective regulatory and institutional frameworks. Additionally, we compare the impacts of the 2008 crisis and the previous Asian regional crisis of 1997. Our findings indicate that State capabilities, associated to the historical construction of a Developmental State, were a central feature to understand the resilience of each political economy.

State-Technologist Nexus in Taiwan's High-Tech Policymaking: Semiconductor and Wireless Communications Industries

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Dong Tso
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Newly Industrializing Countries ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
State Bureaucracy

The literature on East Asia's political economies identifies cohesive state bureaucracy and its effective intervention in the market as the key factors that have enabled the East Asian economic miracle and that differentiate the success of East Asian newly industrializing countries (NICs) from the failure of other developing countries. However, the sharply diverging growth trajectories of the Taiwanese semiconductor and wireless communications industries show that cohesive state bureaucracy and its effective intervention are not the generic trait of the Taiwanese developmental state, repeatedly found across industries and through time. On the contrary, the scope, depth, and coherence of state intervention are a variable rather than a constant. The semiconductor industry had an activist state promoting its growth from its very inception, whereas the wireless communications industry has failed to acquire consistent state support. Explaining the variation of state intervention requires not only an analysis of the state apparatus but also a study of its institutional links to the industry. This article develops an institutional explanation of the Taiwanese state's differing roles in promoting the semiconductor and wireless communications industries, but it differentiates itself from the existing literature of the developmental state and network theories by privileging the role of overseas technologists in influencing the scope, depth, and coherence of state intervention in two industries.

scholarly journals The Adaptive Developmental State in East Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wong
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sharp Turn ◽  
Crony Capitalism ◽  
Policy Communities ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

In 1997, several of Asia's economies collapsed and the international community was called in to help mend the ailing region. The crisis attracted a great deal of attention among both the scholarly and policy communities. At that time, it seemed that the Asian miracle had come to an abrupt end. Places such as South Korea enjoyed a prosperous run though suffered a dubious demise. Later developers in Southeast Asia and China, having just emerged from out of the starting gate, quickly stalled in their attempts to ride the wave of Asia's postwar economic dynamism. Fortunately, things would not remain dour for too long. Some countries, such as Taiwan and Japan, made it through the crisis relatively unscathed. Both China and South Korea quickly rebounded. Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, adapted and have consequently begun new growth trajectories. In the end, it seemed that the most severe and lasting casualty of the 1997 crisis was the East Asian developmental state model itself. To be sure, the more recent literatures on East Asian political economy have taken a sharp turn, wherein terms like “booty capitalism” and “crony capitalism” have quickly come to replace more laudatory titles such as the “East Asian Miracle.”

The Political Economy of Heavy Industrialization: The Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) Push in South Korea in the 1970s

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMI HORIKANE
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The Political

Korea under the Park regime (1961–1979) is known as a typical example of the East Asian developmental state. Many students of development, both economists and political scientists, have studied it, producing a substantial accumulation of knowledge. However, most writers have, in fact, focused on the policies and politics of the first half of the era. The second half was, politically, a notoriously authoritarian dictatorship, through which the regime strongly pushed its controversial heavy and chemical industrialization program. This program is frequently criticized for being based upon irrational industrial targeting that generated great inefficiency in the economy. The explanation for such irrational policy has been attributed to politics, or the authoritarian nature of the regime, which actually does not explain much.

State-Led Capitalism in East Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-235
Author(s):  
Thomas Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The Political ◽  
World Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World

East Asia is the third world region that is crucial for an investigation of international economic conflicts and cooperation. The rise of East Asia as the ‘factory of the world’ since the 1970s is as important for the global political economy as US-led financial globalization and European integration. This chapter begins with an explanation of East Asia’s role in the trilemma triangle and then turns to an analysis of the historic genesis of the East Asian (developmental) state-led model of capitalism. We then investigate the economic origins of the East Asian success story and in particular the formation of large export-oriented business conglomerates. Finally, we look at the political foundation of the East Asian model, which can be described as an authoritarian corporatist model that is shaped by the alliance of state and business at the expense of labour.

The Role of Rural Institutions and State Campaigns in Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-48
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Rural Institutions

This chapter discusses the role of rural institutions and state campaigns in development. Most accounts of rural development in East Asia privilege the role of land reform and the emergence of developmental states. However, this narrative is incomplete. A thorough examination of rural sector change in the region reveals the transformative effects of rural modernization campaigns, which can be defined as policies demanding high levels of bureaucratic and popular mobilization to overhaul traditional ways of life in the countryside. East Asian governments' use of campaigns runs counter to standard portrayals of the developmental state as wholly technocratic and demonstrates that rural development was not the inevitable result of industrialization. Rather, it was an intentional policy goal accomplished with techniques that aligned more with Maoism or Leninism than with market principles or careful economic management. The chapter begins by assessing common explanations for East Asian rural development in the post-World War II period. It then turns to the case of China and explores some of the reasons for rural policy failures in the Mao era (1949–1976) and successes in the reform era (1978–present). Finally, the chapter revisits the case of Japan and concludes with a few points about why existing theories of state-led development need to be reexamined.

Generalization through Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Hyeong-ki Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Collective Deliberation

This final chapter examines the generalizability of our findings by considering other East Asian developmental state (DS) countries, including Japan, Taiwan, and China. Theoretical implication of this book mainly includes organizational adaptability and institutional changes through elite competition. First, this book claims that the reason why East Asian developmental states, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China, could sustain economic development over quite a long period is not due to some fixed institutional elements such as centralized, cohesive, and strong states. Contrary to the DS literature, elite competition can be beneficial to economic success through collective deliberation and flexible adaptation if they are properly coordinated into collaboration for shared goals like economic development and national competitiveness. In addition, this book concludes that unlike the institutionalist DS literature, this book emphasizes changes by competition to better account for endogenous changes.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of State-Led Development in Myanmar (1988–2010) and Suharto's Indonesia: An Approach from the Developmental State Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Khaing Myo Tun
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
The Military

This article explores the institutionalization of state-led development in Myanmar after 1988 in comparison with Suharto's Indonesia. The analysis centres on the characteristics and theory of developmental states that emerged from the studies of East Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, Suharto's Indonesia was perceived as a successful case and was studied by scholars in line with the characteristics of the developmental state. The Tatmadaw (military) government in Myanmar was believed to follow the model of state-led development in Indonesia under Suharto where the military took the role of establishing economic and political development. However, Myanmar has yet to achieve its goal of building a successful state-led development. Therefore, this paper argues that implementing an efficient and effective institutionalization is essential for a successful state-led development (developmental state) in Myanmar.

scholarly journals The political economy of the rise and decline of developmental states

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Classical Political Economy ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
National Economic

Based on a classical political economy, on Latin American structuralism, and on Gramscian perspective about the state this paper argues that national economic strategies are formed by particular interactions between institutions and economic structures and evolve according to social conflicts in a non neutral international environment. This idea is explored to interpret the rise of the developmental state in some national development strategies experienced by peripheral countries during the highest convergence period of the Golden Age and its crisis and redefinitions during the greatest divergence phase and neoliberal reforms of the last two decades of the 20th century.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amy C. Offner
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Third World

This chapter provides a background of the journeys across the postwar Americas to uncover the mid-century world to which David Lilienthal belonged and the unseen possibilities that lay within it. It starts from the idea that the fate of the US welfare state and Latin American developmental states cannot be understood in isolation from one another. Lilienthal belonged to a generation of North Americans who threw their energies into the Third World after 1945, and their work overseas did more than remake foreign lands; it shaped the possibilities of policy making at home. Within the Western Hemisphere, long exchanges between US and Latin American societies endowed their political economies with some of the same internal contradictions. When the crises of the 1970s and 1980s came, the divergent promises that they harbored became vividly apparent. The mobilization of the right and the explosive conflicts of those decades did not simply substitute one set of ideas for another, obliterating all that came before. Instead, they sorted out the elements of midcentury mixed economies, destroying some practices, redeploying others, and retrospectively redefining them all as emblems of two different eras.

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