Functional Mechanisms
This chapter articulates a goal-contribution account of teleological functions. Teleological functions are causal roles that make a regular contribution to the goals of organisms. Goals can be biological or nonbiological. Biological goals are survival, development, reproduction, and helping. Nonbiological goals are any other goals pursued by organisms. Appropriate situations for the performance of a function are situations in which performing a function provides a regular contribution to a goal of an organism, unless there are more urgent functions to perform. Appropriate rates at which functions should be performed are rates that provide adequate contributions to the goals of an organism, unless there are more urgent functions to perform. Aside from the constraints imposed by tradeoffs between different functions, any condition that lowers the performance of a function below its adequate rate of performance in an appropriate situation results in malfunction.