The Plastic Police: Professional Identity, Authority, and Legitimacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-72
Author(s):  
Ana Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Line Officers

This chapter explores the history and professional culture of the operational arm of the immigration department, the Immigration Compliance and Enforcement teams (ICE). It examines this vernacular agency called upon to manage and control global mobility, and its ambivalent relationship with the police, attending to matters of authority and legitimacy, professional presentation and politics, morality and identity. It argues that while the police are recurrently referred as a comparator, the composition, institutional rules and practices, and the nature of the work of ICE set them apart. The chapter relies on first-hand accounts of long-term front-line officers to reconstruct and chart institutional changes to immigration enforcement in the UK. Their accounts offer insights into the mysterious world of immigration enforcement, its genesis, short turbulent history, and its fast-changing contours through the lens of those tasked with its making. The second part of the chapter explores what it is like to be an immigration officer: who are these people? Why have they chosen this career path? What are their aspirations and frustrations? What are their worldviews? How do they perceive themselves vis-à-vis their police colleagues? And what is it like to work in a highly controversial and sensitive area of public policy? Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to understand immigration enforcement, and its employees, through their own words and worlds.

The Employment of Migrant Workers in Long-Term Care: Dynamics of Choice and Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL SHUTES
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Home Care Providers ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe employment of migrant workers in long-term care is increasingly evident across western welfare states. This article examines the ways in which immigration controls shape the exercising of choice and control by migrant care workers over their labour. It draws on the findings of in-depth interviews with migrant care workers employed by residential and home care providers and by older people and their families in the UK. It is argued that the differential rights accorded to migrants on the basis of citizenship and immigration status shape, first, entry into particular types of care work, second, powers of ‘exit’ within work, and, third, ‘voice’ regarding the conditions under which care labour is provided.

The UK Blood Lead Monitoring Programme 1984-1987: Results for 1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Quinn ◽  
H.T. Delves
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The Department of the Environment (DOE) undertook an extensive programme to monitor blood lead concentrations annually over the period 1984 to 1987 in the context of the reduction in the maximum permissible lead content of petrol from 0.4 to 0.15 g/l from 1st January 1986. Blood samples (all venous) were analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); considerable efforts were made to ensure the validity of the analytical results. In 1986, emissions from petrol driven vehicles effectively fell by 60% and air lead concentrations fell by just over 50%. Against the background of a long-term downward trend in blood lead concentrations of 4-5% per year, there were average falls in blood lead in 1986, compared with 1985, of around 1 μg/100 ml (9-10%) for adults in both 'exposed' and 'control' groups; about 2 μg/100 ml (18%) in traffic police; and about 1.5 μg/100 ml (16%) in children. Levels fell in 1986 in all age groups, in all social classes, and in all categories of smoking and drinking habits, age of dwelling and length of residence. Exposure to lead from a number of sources was being reduced simultaneously; blood lead concentrations probably fell in both 1985 and in 1986 for reasons additional to the reduction in the lead content of petrol. For children, petrol lead appeared to have been made a slightly larger contribution to the body burden than for adults.

COMPOSITE INSURER CONSIDERATION AND ATTITUDES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CONCERNING PUBLIC LIABILITY POLICIES FOR POLLUTION RISKS

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MINOLI ◽  
J. N. B. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Environmental Management Systems ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

Pollution can incur costly clean-up programmes, erode company profits, and undermine governmental policy towards sustainable economic development. Governments and insureds are inquiring about insurance and environmental management systems (EMSs) to help prevent, control, and compensate for the risk of pollution. There is little analysis on using these instruments in defence of the environment. This issue is explored in a workshop and survey questionnaire on EMSs and public liability insurance concerning pollution risks in the UK market. EMSs might provide risk and claims assessment information, reduce pollution risks in the long term, and lead to comparatively lower insurance premiums. Insurers' rating, assessment, investigation, statistical and education work with regard to pollution risks is in its infancy and there is little knowledge, poor recognition and low confidence in EMSs. Political, practical, economic and legal problems impede insurers' capacity to reply positively to pollution risks and EMSs. Failure to overcome these issues reduces the insurers' and insureds' ability to prevent and control the risk of pollution and lessen its aftermath of detrimental consequences.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

Using the Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups During the COVID-19 ‘Lockdown’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.

A positive psychology study and intervention on the well-being of French PhD students in biology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marais ◽  
Rebecca Shankland ◽  
Pascale Haag ◽  
Robin Fiault ◽  
Bridget Juniper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health And Well Being

In France, little data are available on mental health and well-being in academia, and nothing has been published about PhD students. From studies abroad, we know that doing a PhD is a difficult experience resulting in high attrition rates with significant financial and human costs. Here we focused on PhD students in biology at university Lyon 1. A first study aimed at measuring the mental health and well-being of PhD students using several generalist and PhD-specific tools. Our results on 136 participants showed that a large fraction of the PhD students experience abnormal levels of stress, depression and anxiety, and their mean well-being score is significantly lower than that of a British reference sample. French PhD student well-being is specifically affected by career uncertainty, perceived lack of progress in the PhD and perceived lack of competence, which points towards possible cultural differences of experiencing a PhD in France and the UK. In a second study, we carried out a positive psychology intervention. Comparing the scores of the test and control groups showed a clear effect of the intervention on reducing anxiety. We discuss our results and the possible future steps to improve French PhD students’ well-being.

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