Imperial Metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-459
Author(s):  
Alf Hornborg
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World History ◽  
World System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
System P ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Comparative Study

The chapter presents a theoretical framework for the comparative study of imperialism, viewed as strategies used by expansive states to appropriate resources from their hinterlands. It interprets imperial projects as ecological phenomena and focuses on their material metabolism based on the redistribution of labor and land. A cursory review of the history of six empires (Han China, Rome, Inca, Aztec, Spain, and Britain) illustrates some continuities and discontinuities in imperial strategies through more than two millennia of world history. The emphasis is on how energy, land, and labor are appropriated and how such appropriation is legitimized ideologically. Imperial strategies are roughly categorized as agrarian, mercantile, industrial, or financial. Special attention is given to the role of technology in the expansion of the British Empire. Industrial technologies are reconceptualized as strategies for locally saving human time and natural space at the expense of time and space lost elsewhere in the world-system.

scholarly journals NATIONAL FEATURES OF ZOONYMIC PHRASEOLOGIES IN KAZAKH AND TURKISH LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
J. Ospan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
The Comparative Study

The article provides a cognitive-semantic analysis of phraseological units of the Kazakh and Turkish languages ​​containing zoonymic names. In other words, the role of zoonyms of the two languages ​​in the composition of phraseological units, commonality and differences in the formation of Turkic knowledge in recognizing the linguistic image of the world in it is analyzed in detail. Despite the fact that in Kazakh and Turkish linguistics there is a lot of research on the generalized theory of phraseology, there are many aspects of the comparative study of the phraseology of two languages. This is due to the fact that social and economic conditions in the history of the development of two kindred peoples, various historical events, the habitat of the two peoples undoubtedly influenced the development of the language. In particular, such changes left their mark on the phraseological fund of two related peoples, including the formation of zoonymic phraseology. In this article, we will focus on the comparison of zoomorphic phraseology in the languages of two peoples with similar roots in the context of intercultural communication.

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ringmar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
International Systems ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThis article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.

Approaches to Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Michael Saward
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Models Of Democracy

This chapter offers a critique of the current state of play in the study of democracy. It aims to pinpoint both strengths and limitations of current theories and approaches. A broad range of approaches is covered: the discourse of ‘models of democracy’; the conception of ‘liberal democracy’ that prevails in the comparative study of democratic states and democratization; the deliberative model; normative political philosophy approaches; the world of ‘democratic innovations’, including direct and participative innovations; and recent ‘pragmatic’ and problem-driven approaches. The chapter identifies through these critiques a set of lessons to carry forward, including key points about embracing plurality and the role of experimentation in rethinking democracy.

scholarly journals The Chikchi and Its Positions in Fourteenth-Century Korea

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Jongmyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Korean Buddhism ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World List

The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and ideological positions of the Chikchi, a Korean Zen text. Originally composed of two fascicles, the book was published with metal type in 1377 and in woodblock print in 1378. The metal type print only remains. in its second fascicle, which is currently preserved in the La Bibliotheque nationale de France, registered in the Memory of the World by the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Memory of the World list. However, the woodblock print remains in two fascicles, including the teachings of Buddhas, recorded sayings, enlightened verses, and transmission records of more than one hundred patriarchs and masters of India, China, and Korea. The role of the Chikchi shines more in modern times. As a rare book in Korea and as the oldest extant book printed with metal type in the world, it has a great significance in the world history of printing culture. The Chikchi also has originality in terms of soteriology, ideological flexibility, an open interpretation of Buddhist teachings, and an integration with Confucianism, thus suggesting its possible contribution to a better understanding of the characteristics of Korean Buddhism in particular and, by extension, East Asian Buddhism in general.

scholarly journals Nicholas Belfield Dennys as a pioneer in the comparative study of Chinese folklore

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Aglaya B. Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Further Development

The scholarly study of Chinese folklore began in the middle of the 19th century. Pioneering research had been conducted by Europeans, who were familiar with current works in this area and gained access to the field, archival and book sources in different regions of China. Among the first people who embarked on the study of Chinese folklore was a British journalist and diplomat Nicholas Belfield Dennys. In 1876, he published the monography of Chinese folklore studies: “The folk-lore of China, and its affinities with that of the Aryan and Semitic races”. His goal was to view Chinese folklore in a global context; for its implementation, he compiled the first elementary index of plots and motifs of Chinese folklore. The Chinese themselves commenced the academic study of the folklore of China several decades later, relying largely on the developments of their European predecessors. In the 1920s, the book by Dennys became known in China, however, it had little impact on Chinese folklore studies for the reasons as follows. The data the book comprised was for the most part not new to researchers in China, the method used to compile the index was known to them earlier, and comparative studies in the region were in their cradle at this time. In the West, up to the middle of the 20th century, Dennys’ book was often consulted in search of comparative Chinese material. Nevertheless, some of the author’s finds have never received further developed. The place of this work in the history of the comparative study of Chinese folklore also remained rather uncertain. This article describes the context in which “The Folk-Lore of China” appeared, examines the author’s methodological premises, as well as the role of his findings in the further development of folklore studies.

Special Session of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the 13th RISA Convention: Changes in the Research Field of the History of the Cold War

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Mikhail Lipkin
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World History ◽  
World System ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Special Session ◽  
Book Series ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article makes a review of the 8 academic papers presented at the special session of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted as part of the 13th RISA Convention in Moscow “The World System of Socialism” and global economics in 1950s — 1970s: discussion in historiography and the recent archival evidences”. The session summed up results of 5 years of research work of scientific team at the Institute of World History financed by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation 17-18-01728 in 2017—2021. The author specifies main publications and reviews in press on the published book series “The World System of Socialism” and global economics” established in the “Ves’ Mir” publishing company as part of the project, and analyses its merit in comparison with analogоus book series which appeared in the world. The key talking points of presented papers are represented threw the lense of a search for alternative development in 1950s — 1970s, alternative to the capitalist system. The comparative analysis of modernization efforts in the countries of the Eastern Bloc, institutional reforms in COMECON and UN (creation of UNCTAD), collective answer to technological challenges of the colour TV (SECAM) is displayed around discussion on the struggle between political and economic concerns of policymakers in this period of time. The author comes to conclusion that the trend line in the world historiography of the last 5 years becomes a study of the global Cold War from the angle of “East — South” relations. The interdisciplinary research conducted by Russian historians answers this new challenge in research field of the Cold War history.

World-system analysis VS schema of the world history by K. Jaspers in proving global historic role of the West

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (12_1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Sultana Ktsoeva ◽  
Alina Khadikova ◽  
Zalina Plieva ◽  
Irina Lokhova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
World History ◽  
World System ◽  
The West ◽  
The World

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

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