Families, Caregivers, and Assistance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cognitive Problems

By definition, those with DLB or PDD are cognitively impaired. The degree of cognitive impairment is highly variable; some people remain relatively compensated and stable for years. For others, confusion impairs even the simplest of activities. Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, in which dementia occurs in isolation, DLB and PDD are often associated with other problems: gait and balance dysfunction; impairment of hand dexterity; the bowel, bladder, and blood pressure problems of dysautonomia. The challenges to not only the affected person, but also the spouse or partner and family can be substantial. Caregivers may have many responsibilities, and restructured lives become the rule. These issues are so variable that a one-size-fits-all approach is not realistic. Once DLB or PDD has been diagnosed, it is wise for the spouse, partner, or family to discuss with the affected patient whether revisions in decision-making should be addressed. Occasional people with DLB or PDD have relatively limited cognitive problems, and for these individuals perhaps no major changes in the family business or finances are necessary. However, this issue should still be discussed. Investments, taxes, and bill-paying may need to be switched to another family member or spouse. A family business may need new leadership. In some cases, leadership positions may be retained, but with an advisor who reviews all important decisions. When there is uncertainty, formal cognitive testing may provide important insight. Psychologists typically offer psychometric testing, assessing various aspects of cognition. The interpretation of these findings can be translated into implications for decision-making. One of the most disabling restrictions placed on someone in our society is the removal of driving privileges. Communities are no longer structured where one can simply walk to the store, church, or synagogue. In the setting of DLB or PDD, however, driving restrictions or limitations may be appropriate. At least the possibility should be discussed. Driving may be compromised by both cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. Usually it is the cognitive problems that are the greater threat to the driver and public safety.

Das Chamäleon-Modell als Erklärungsmuster für die Organisationsstrukturen von Unternehmerfamilien

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Haftlmeier-Seiffert ◽  
Sven Cravotta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Family Organization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Case

Zusammenfassung Offensichtlich sind es die Unternehmerfamilien, die ihrem Familienunternehmen eine besondere wirtschaftliche Stabilität verleihen. Dies ist allerdings nur möglich, wenn sie sicherstellen, dass sie stets handlungs- und entscheidungsfähig sind. Die hier verfolgte Forschungsfrage lautet deshalb: Wie organisieren Unternehmerfamilien ihre Entscheidungsfähigkeit? Das Chamäleon-Modell zeigt, dass bei Unternehmerfamilien verschiedene Organisationsformen latent vorhanden sind. Diese werden flexibel eingesetzt, je nachdem, was zielführend ist, um schnell zu tragfähigen Entscheidungen zu gelangen. D.h. die Unternehmerfamilienorganisation wechselt also ihre explizite Organisationsform wie ein Chamäleon die Farbe. Das Chamäleon-Modell wurde aus einer multiplen Fallstudie entwickelt, bei der vier traditionsreiche Unternehmerfamilien intensiv untersucht wurden. Abstract Apparently, it is the family that grants outstanding economic stability to the family business. However, this is only possible, if the family ensures to be always capable of acting and of making decisions. This leads us to the following research question: How do entrepreneurial families organize their decision-making ability? The Chameleon Model shows, that there are different types of organization latent available for entrepreneurial families. These are used flexibly, depending on what is leading to quick and stable decisions. That is to say, the entrepreneurial family organization changes the explicit organization form like a chameleon the colour. The Chameleon Model was developed from a multiple case study, analyzing four traditional entrepreneurial families in depth.

Strategic Decision Making in Intergenerational Successions of Small- and Medium-Size Family-Owned Businesses

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof Bjuggren ◽  
Lars-Göran Sund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transition Modes

This paper deals with intergenerational successions of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). Entrepreneurs face an unavoidable succession dilemma: they must make either explicit or implicit strategic decisions about transitioning ownership of the family business. The main alternatives are to sell the company to someone outside the family or to make arrangements for an interfamily succession. In the latter case, there are many transition modes, e.g., through a gift of shares or a will. This paper uses decision trees to analyze intergenerational successions problems. One conclusion of the paper is that it is important for a society to provide a legal system that facilitates transitions of family companies within the family because the legal system will, among other positive factors connected with family businesses, preserve idiosyncratic knowledge of family character.

Socio-emotional wealth and family: revisiting the connection

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Family Dynamic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complex Relationships

Purpose In this commentary, the author aims to question whether the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) construct should be limited to family firms by noting that non-family owners and founders, i.e. those who yet have to involve family in their enterprise‘s operations, management or ownership, are also motivated to maximize their socioemotional wealth. Design/methodology/approach The concept of SEW has generated significant traction in the family business literature and motivated an important body of work about how SEW alters decision-making in family firms. Professors Martin and Gomez–Mejia (this issue) extend past contributions by teasing apart complex relationships among the underlying dimensions of the construct. However, the domain of that paper, as well as the SEW construct, has heretofore been limited to family firms. The author builds his commentary on the work of Martin and Gomez–Mejia (this issue) to argue that the notion that SEW shapes decision-making in the owner controlled and owner-managed non-family firms, as well as family firms. Findings The author’s overarching conclusion is that there are several dimensions in which family interests materially alter decision-making but others in which family likely plays a moderating and possibly even a suppressor role. The surprising implication is that it may not be SEW per se that distinguishes family firms from non-family firms but rather how the family dynamic alters the influence of SEW on outcomes of interest. Originality/value Acknowledging that personal and familial SEW have a common foundation allows one to sharpen the research focus and shift it from questions about how SEW might alter decision-making in family firms to questions about how the presence of family members alters the influence of SEW on decision-making in owner-controlled and owner-managed firms. This commentary explicates the argument and offers some suggestions about how this re-framing might allow for the extension of the SEW concept from the family firm to its influence on founder-managed and non-family firms.

Data Analytics

2020 ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Morales-Serazzi ◽  
Oscar González-Benito ◽  
Mercedes Martos-Partal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The growing proliferation of data in firms around the world have made analytics a success factor for business growth, and by default, achieving greater performance. This research proposes a data analytics model for marketing decision making. Literature was reviewed, and several key factors for the growth of the family business were identified. In addition, 140 marketing managers from family and non-family firms in Spain were surveyed. Four key factors were identified to implement a data analytics project. An empirical model is presented, which allows visualizing the relationships that generate quality information. Data analytics is a competitive advantage for recognized firms in the world; however, there is an underutilization of information by the family business. This chapter allows reducing the gap between competitors, regardless of their ownership structure. Therefore, it declares a challenge and an opportunity for the family firm.

scholarly journals Perfusion reduction in the absence of structural differences in cognitively impaired versus unimpaired RRMS patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Parsa Hojjat ◽  
Charles Grady Cantrell ◽  
Timothy J Carroll ◽  
Rita Vitorino ◽  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Cognitive impairment affects 40%–68% of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Gray matter (GM) demyelination is complicit in cognitive impairment, yet cortical lesions are challenging to image clinically. We wanted to determine whether cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) differences exist between cognitively impaired (CI) and unimpaired (NI) RRMS. Methods: Prospective study of healthy controls ( n = 19), CI ( n = 20), and NI ( n = 19) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive testing <1 week apart. White matter (WM) T2 hyperintense lesions and T1 black holes were traced. General linear regression assessed the relationship between lobar WM volume and cortical and WM CBF, CBV, and MTT. Relationship between global and lobar cortical CBF, CBV, and MTT and cognitive impairment was tested using a generalized linear model. Adjusted Bonferroni p < 0.005 was considered significant. Results: No significant differences for age, gender, disease duration, and any fractional brain or lesion volume were demonstrated for RRMS subgroups. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression (HADS-D) were higher in CI. Lobar cortical CBF and CBV were associated with cognitive impairment ( p < 0.0001) after controlling for confounders. Cortical CBV accounted for 7.2% of cognitive impairment increasing to 8.7% with cortical CBF ( p = 0.06), while WM and cortical CBF accounted for 8.2% of variance ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Significant cortical CBF and CBV reduction was present in CI compared to NI in the absence of structural differences.

scholarly journals Sustaining the Family Business With Minimal Financial Rewards

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Glover ◽  
Trish Reay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
The Family

We engaged in a multicase comparative study exploring how family farm businesses continue when economic returns are minimal. We analyzed strategic approaches used by 20 family dairy farms operating in the United Kingdom and identified four different strategic behaviors chosen by the family farm businesses—diversifying the business, maximizing debt, sacrificing family needs, and compromising. Each strategy allows the firm to survive, but has consequences for the family, the business, or both. Our study contributes to the socioemotional wealth literature by showing how emotional attachment to the business can influence firm decision making.

A Review of Interventions with Assistive Technologies for Patients with Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Georgakopoulos ◽  
Maria Chatzidimitriou ◽  
Magda Tsolaki
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Advances in technology in the last decade have created a diverse field of applications for the care of persons with cognitive impairment. This chapter is an attempt to review these advances in a systematic way, and focuses on observations of current software engineering systems (computer based assistive interventions) that contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cognitive problems. Nevertheless a holistic approach has been attempted, in order to view the research themes and applications that currently exist around the “intelligent systems” healthcare given to the cognitively impaired persons, thus looking at research directions, systems, technological frameworks and trends.

Psychometric testing of the Family Satisfaction with Decision Making subscale (FS-ICU/DM) in an acute care pediatric hospital setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Karen Legrow ◽  
Ellen Hodnett ◽  
Robyn Stremler ◽  
Eyal Cohen ◽  
J.Charles Victor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Satisfaction With Care ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
The Family ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Aim. This paper is a report of the psychometric testing of the Family Satisfaction with Decision Making subscale of the Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire to determine whether it would be suitable to use as a primary outcome measure in a proposed randomized control trial in a pediatric hospital setting.Background. Parents have reported that relinquishing important aspects of their role is the most stressful element of a child’s hospitalization. Concerns over communication and decision-making processes have been particularly cited. Therefore, increasing parents’ satisfaction with their child’s care and responding to their priorities are key to improving quality of care. Instruments have been developed to measure global satisfaction with care among parents of hospitalized children. However none of these focus specifically on communication and decision-making processes. One instrument was found that measures these items, but in an adult intensive care unit, not a pediatric setting.Design/method. As a component of a larger study, a psychometric study was conducted in 2010 to assess the properties of the Family Satisfaction with Decision Making subscale in a pediatric setting. Eighty-two parents of children admitted to a large metropolitan pediatric hospital completed the subscale prior to their child’s transfer and/or discharge from the hospital.Results/Conclusion. The psychometric data indicated that the Family Satisfaction with Decision Making subscale showed evidence of good reliability and validity as a primary outcome measure that could be used for a future randomized controlled trial in a pediatric setting.

Family business insights: an overview of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Business Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Success Factors ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Family

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the family business literature has evolved, and to examine the factors influencing family-owned and managed businesses. The paper discusses important patterns in the present literature and new directions for future study. Design/methodology/approach – The research identifies key research topics and methodical approaches to understand family businesses. Insights into the reasoning behind the historic changes and the current direction and trends of the family business literature are also identified. Findings – The findings of this research argues that the main cause of the challenges in running a family business stem from the management of the interrelationship between family concerns and business concerns. Strong leadership and building a culture that accepts continuous change are key success factors. Research limitations/implications – Due to the specific nature of the family business dynamics and decision-making conflict, which can hardly be captured by quantitative studies alone, a promotion of qualitative studies is advisable. Practical implications – This study suggests that understanding the culture surrounding decision making in family business has great value. Characteristics such as aggressiveness, fearlessness and competition are key areas for investigation. Social implications – Overlooking the potential of non-family members for family business leadership can produce sub-optimal choices of successors. Further, the aspiration to change society’s and government’s view of family businesses warrants attention. Originality/value – This review of previous research offers researchers a broader and comprehensive view of the family business, which is inclusive of the challenges, decision making and solutions within the family business structure. Researchers, educators and practitioners will benefit from this paper.

scholarly journals Self-Endorsed Cognitive Problems Vs. Objectively-Assessed Cognitive Impairment in Blood or Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Recipients — a Longitudinal Study

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 619-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Murdaugh ◽  
Alysia Bosworth ◽  
Sunita Patel ◽  
Noha Sharafeldin ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment in BMT survivors is well-documented, and may include deficits in memory, attention, executive functioning and processing speed. However, the clinical relevance of self-endorsed cognitive problems and their relation to objectively-assessed cognitive impairment is not established. Methods: We assessed cognitive impairment in 379 BMT recipients (median age = 52.2y; 40% females; 68% non-Hispanic whites) at 5 pre-determined timepoints: baseline (pre-BMT), 6mo, 1y, 2y and 3y after BMT. Self-endorsed cognitive problems (0: not at all to 4: extremely) were evaluated using the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) - a 95-item survey. Responses were used to derive a Global Measure of Impairment (GMI) T-score; higher scores indicated greater cognitive problems. A standardized 2h battery of objective cognitive testing was also administered at each timepoint to derive a Global Deficit Score (GDS); individuals with GDS >0.5 were considered impaired. Healthy controls (HC: n = 98; median age = 55.1y; 46% females; 62% non-Hispanic whites) also completed the NIS and underwent cognitive testing at the 5 corresponding timepoints. At each timepoint, a multivariable analysis of covariance was performed to examine the magnitude of difference in GMI between BMT recipients and HC. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine participants' rates of change in GMI across time. Among BMT recipients, we used multivariable analyses to identify clinical/demographic variables associated with greater self-endorsed cognitive problems; variables examined included age at BMT, sex, race/ethnicity, education, pre-BMT IQ, fatigue, type of BMT (autologous, allogeneic [myeloablative, reduced-intensity]) and use of total body irradiation. To evaluate the relation between NIS subscales and corresponding objective cognitive domains, within-group first-order partial correlation analyses were conducted at each timepoint. We also examined the association between cognitive impairment and return to work at 3y. Results: Significant differences (p<.001) were observed in mean GMI scores with BMT recipients having consistently higher scores than HC at all timepoints. Multilevel modeling revealed that the rate of change in NIS scores was significantly greater in BMT recipients when compared with HC, after adjusting for age, sex, education level, fatigue and baseline IQ (Fig 1). Among BMT recipients, predictors of endorsement of cognitive problems across all timepoints (p ≤.003) included younger age at study (Wilks' λ = .797), higher pre-BMT IQ (Wilks' λ = .858) and greater fatigue (Wilks' λ = .811). Overall, there was a statistically-significant, modest correlation between GMI and GDS scores (range: .401 to .445, p ≤ .01), with mean GMI scores being generally higher (indicating greater endorsement of cognitive impairment) among those who were found to be cognitively impaired (GDS) via objective testing (Fig 2); these relationships were statistically significant at 6mo, 1y and 2y. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, education level, fatigue and IQ revealed that higher self-reported cognitive impairment (GMI) and higher objectively assessed cognitive impairment (GDS) were associated with a 3.7-fold (p = .02) and 4.3-fold (p = .02) higher odds of not returning to work at 3y, respectively. Conclusions: BMT recipients are more likely to report cognitive problems as compared with HC. Further, these problems increase with time from BMT. Younger age at BMT, higher pre-BMT IQ and greater fatigue are associated with greater self-endorsed cognitive problems. Further, there is a modest-to-high correlation between self-endorsed cognitive problems and objectively determined cognitive impairment. Finally, both self-endorsed cognitive problems and objectively assessed cognitive impairment are associated with a higher likelihood of not returning to work. Overall, this study demonstrates that self-endorsed cognitive problems can serve as a good screen for identifying those with cognitive impairment. Disclosures Forman: Mustang Therapeutics: Other: Licensing Agreement, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.

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