Changing Dance Works

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Anna Pakes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Importance ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Temporal Parts ◽  
Different Levels

The chapter discusses how variability and change pose particular issues for an ontology of dance works as structures of action-types, which prompts consideration of some alternative positions. The argument (developed by Guy Rohrbaugh) that dance works are historical individuals or continuants is elaborated and critically discussed. The chapter also considers a perdurantist alternative: that dance works are fusions of their performances or temporal parts. Both endurantism and perdurantism struggle to account for the principles of continuity uniting the various embodiments or parts of works, however. The chapter reexamines the idea of persistence in the context of historical dance practice and explores the significance of processes of oral transmission for the continued existence and variability of dance works, focusing on the different levels of intention at which the action constituting a dance might be described. The relative importance of these levels at different historical moments is considered.

scholarly journals The roles of standing genetic variation and evolutionary history in determining the evolvability of anti-predator strategies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Fish ◽  
Daniel R O'Donnell ◽  
Abhijna Parigi ◽  
Ian Dworkin ◽  
Aaron P Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Different Levels

Standing genetic variation and the historical environment in which that variation arises (evolutionary history) are both potentially significant determinants of a population’s capacity for evolutionary response to a changing environment. We evaluated the relative importance of these two factors in influencing the evolutionary trajectories in the face of sudden environmental change. We used the open-ended digital evolution software Avida to examine how historic exposure to predation pressures, different levels of genetic variation, and combinations of the two, impact anti-predator strategies and competitive abilities evolved in the face of threats from new, invasive, predator populations. We show that while standing genetic variation plays some role in determining evolutionary responses, evolutionary history has the greater influence on a population’s capacity to evolve effective anti-predator traits. This adaptability likely reflects the relative ease of repurposing existing, relevant genes and traits, and the broader potential value of the generation and maintenance of adaptively flexible traits in evolving populations.

scholarly journals The identification and perceived importance of dimensions of managerial success for different levels of management

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Loubser ◽  
L. C. De Jager
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Managerial Success ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Analysis

Dimensions or factors related to managerial success were identified from the literature and a list of 78 generic dimensions compiled. These dimensions were rated in terms of their relative importance for every level of management by 241 managers on junior, middle and senior levels. A principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the data and nine factors or clusters of dimensions were extracted. The resulting factor scores were then subjected to a multiple analysis of variance. Results indicate that the importance of these factors differ significantly across the three levels of management. The implications of the findings are discussed in both theoretical and practical terms. Opsomming Dimensies of faktore wat met bestuursukses verband hou is uit die literatuur gei'dentifiseer en 'n lys van 78 generiese dimensies is saamgestel. Hierdie dimensies se relatiewe belangrikheid vir eike bestuursvlak is deur 241 bestuurders op junior, middel en senior vlak beoordeel. 'n Hoofkomponent faktorontleding met varimax rotasie is op die data uitgevoer en nege faktore of groepe dimensies is onttrek. Die resulterende faktortellings is daarna aan 'n meervoudige analise van variansie onderwerp. Resultate dui daarop dat die belangrikheid van hierdie faktore beduidend verskil oor die verskillende bestuursvlakke. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word in beide teoretiese en praktiese terme bespreek.

scholarly journals Estudio de preferencias por los elementos agrarios del paisaje mediante los métodos de Análisis Conjunto y Valoración Contingente

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Sayadi ◽  
Mª Carmen González Roa ◽  
Javier Calatrava Requena
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Contingent Valuation Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vegetation Layer ◽  
Different Levels

Among the externalities produced by agrarian activities one must consider its contribution to the shaping of the landscape, an aesthetic externality value of the agrosystems. Recognizing and appraising this contribution is becoming more and more important every day. In this study a Conjoint Analysis and Contingent Valuation methods has been used to estimate, first the relative importance of the agrarian component level in the utility function achieved from enjoying landscapes, and secondly the Willingness To Pay of surveyed for these landscapes existing in the area of The Alpujarras (Granada-Spain). Data has been obtained by a questionnaire performed to a sample of a potential visitor of the area, using three main features of landscape, as follows: Vegetation layer, level of building, and mountain inclines, each of them with different levels. Subsequently, a multiple regression model has been fitted to identify the relationship between the Willingness to Pay for landscapes and its features and the socio-cultural traits of the individuals. According to results concerning both the preferences and the Willingness To Pay of visitors for landscapes, some conclusions have finally been drawn, allowing to derive strategies to maintain the most valued landscape in the area and to make use of it for the sustainable development of the region

scholarly journals How adaptation, training, and customization contribute to benefits from exoskeleton assistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lin Poggensee ◽  
Steven H Collins
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Scale Adaptation ◽  
Different Levels

Exoskeletons can enhance human mobility, but we still know little about why they are effective. For example, we do not know the relative importance of training, how much is required, or what type is most effective; how people adapt with the device; or the relative benefits of customizing assistance. We conducted experiments in which naive users learned to walk with ankle exoskeletons under one of three training regimens characterized by different levels of variation in device behavior. Assistance was also customized for one group. Following moderate-variation training, the benefits of customized assistance were large; metabolic rate was reduced by 39% compared to walking with the exoskeleton turned off. Training contributed about half of this benefit and customization about one quarter; a generic controller reduced energy cost by 10% before training and 31% afterwards. Training required much more exposure than typical of exoskeleton studies, about 109 minutes of assisted walking. Type of training also had a strong effect; the low-variation group required twice as long as the moderate-variation group to become expert, while the high-variation group never acquired this level of expertise. Curiously, all users adapted in a way that resulted in less mechanical power from the exoskeleton as they gained expertise. Customizing assistance required less time than training for all parameters except peak torque magnitude, which grew slowly over the study, suggesting a longer time-scale adaptation in the person. These results underscore the importance of training to the benefits of exoskeleton assistance and suggest the topic deserves more attention.

scholarly journals Entscheidungsprozess zur Familiengründung in Partnerschaften

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Monika Pavetic ◽  
Petra Stein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The transition to parenthood can be viewed as the result of social interaction. It signifies the outcome of a decision-making process of two individuals in a relationship. Nevertheless, little research has, so far, looked into how the interpersonal couple level influences the decision. What needs to be considered here is, firstly, the relative importance of both partners’ desire to have a child, or the partners’ disposition towards reproduction. Secondly, the reciprocal influence ,of both partners on each other within the decision-making process, and thirdly the relevance of both partners’ biographical background with regard to their respective decisions and disposition must be assessed. In this article, a nonlinear simultaneous probit model is introduced, with the help of which the relative effects of the decisionmaking process within the relationship can be estimated. The analysis is based on the “Bamberg Married Couples Panel”. The results of the model show an equal influence of both partners’ dispositions on the decision itself. However, they also demonstrate different levels of influence of the partners within the process of interaction and convergence. Zusammenfassung Obwohl der Übergang in die Elternschaft als Ergebnis einer sozialen Interaktion und damit als Ergebnis eines Entscheidungsprozesses zwischen zwei Individuen im Kontext einer Partnerschaft verstanden werden kann, existieren bisher kaum gesicherte Forschungserkenntnisse auf der Paarebene. Dieses betrifft erstens die relative Bedeutsamkeit der Kinderwünschebzw. Dispositionen beider Partner für die generative Entscheidung, zweitens die wechselseitige Beeinflussung beider Partner im Entscheidungsprozess und drittens die Relevanz der biographischen Kontexte beider Partner für die eigene Disposition sowie für die des Partners. Im Folgenden wird ein nicht-lineares simultanes Probit-Modell vorgestellt, mit dem die relativen Effekte im innerpartnerschaftlichen Entscheidungsprozess zur Familiengründung geschätzt werden können. Als Datengrundlage dient das Bamberger Ehepaar-Panel. Die Ergebnisse des Modells zeigen einen gleichwertigen Einfluss der Dispositionen beider Partner auf die Entscheidung, jedoch ungleiche Gewichte der Partner im Interaktions- bzw.Annäherungsprozess.

scholarly journals Constellations, Polysemy, and Hindi -ko

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Brian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Phonemic Level ◽  
Different Levels

Much of linguistic analysis rests on a single key question: given entities X and Y as objects for analysis, are they the same or different? This issue pervades all components of grammar: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, etc. Moreover, in addressing this issue, one often needs to recognize the relevance of different levels of analysis, especially underlying versus surface, since underlying sameness can be surface difference, and vice versa. For example, phonemic analysis takes phones with decidedly different phonetic realizations (e.g. aspirated vs. unaspirated stops in English) and treats them as the same at the phonemic level if their distribution does not overlap. But at the same time, segments that seem to be the same phonetically on the surface and even phonemically as well, e.g. the [d] of recede and the [d] of invade, might need to be treated as different from a morphophonemic standpoint, since, in this example, the former alternates with [s] in the related noun recession whereas the latter alternates with [z] in invasion, both nominal formations having ostensibly the same suffix. In syntax, too, patterns that are alike on the surface, such as control constructions and raising constructions, can show some unlike properties that lead, in most current theoretical frameworks at least, to structural differentiation in some way, e.g., in underlying structure. An answer to the above key question regarding sameness often involves a recognition of differences too. Thus, the issue becomes one of measuring similarities and differences against one another and weighing the relative importance of one or the other, as well as deciding how to represent the sameness or difference that one ends up positing.

scholarly journals A dynamic model of entrepreneurial ecosystems evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-220
Author(s):  
Hugo Kantis ◽  
Juan Federico
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
The Government ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Business Structure

Recent contributions on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) literature tend to highlight the need for a deeper theory-based discussion of the concept and a dynamic approach on the EE evolution. The objective of this article is to contribute to this on-going discussion by proposing a novel theoretical model to understand the origin and evolution of EE, paying special attention to the drivers that are relevant to explain the successive developments in the EE trajectory and the differences between developed and developing EE. We draw our model from the study of four different empirical settings: two well-known and developed EE (Silicon Valley and Israel), and two less developed and less studied EE (Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires).Our model is composed by two ontologically different levels of dimensions: (i) framework conditions (culture, STI platform, business structure, social conditions and social capital) and (ii) five dynamics or drivers (the entrepreneurial dynamic, the business dynamic, the investment dynamic, the institutional dynamic, and the government and policy dynamic). Evolution, in our model, is conceptualized as a self-reinforcing process by which EE are constructed and developed over time, resulting from the co-evolution and interactions of the five dynamics and the framework conditions. Consequently, each EE would follow its own trajectory, moulded by its initial conditions, the relative importance of the different dynamics, and the interaction process between dynamics and framework conditions.

scholarly journals Achieving party unity in the Netherlands: Representatives’ sequential decision-making mechanisms at three levels of Dutch government

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-678
Author(s):  
Cynthia MC van Vonno
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Decision Making ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Party Discipline ◽  
Party Loyalty ◽  
Party Line ◽  
Member Of Parliament ◽  
Different Levels

How do parties at different levels of government get their representatives to vote according to the party line? Employing the sequential decision-making approach to party unity, we explore the relative importance of cue-taking, party agreement, party loyalty, and party discipline as individual representative decision-making mechanisms. On the basis of the Dutch version of the PartiRep comparative Member of Parliament survey, we find few differences between national and subnational representatives when it comes to the first two mechanisms, but party loyalty and party discipline seem to play a less important role in determining representatives’ decision whether to vote with the party group line. This is, in part, in line with our theoretical expectation that subnational representatives are less likely to be motivated by office-seeking and vote-seeking than their national counterparts.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

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