scholarly journals A dynamic model of entrepreneurial ecosystems evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-220
Author(s):  
Hugo Kantis ◽  
Juan Federico
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
The Government ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Business Structure

Recent contributions on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) literature tend to highlight the need for a deeper theory-based discussion of the concept and a dynamic approach on the EE evolution. The objective of this article is to contribute to this on-going discussion by proposing a novel theoretical model to understand the origin and evolution of EE, paying special attention to the drivers that are relevant to explain the successive developments in the EE trajectory and the differences between developed and developing EE. We draw our model from the study of four different empirical settings: two well-known and developed EE (Silicon Valley and Israel), and two less developed and less studied EE (Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires).Our model is composed by two ontologically different levels of dimensions: (i) framework conditions (culture, STI platform, business structure, social conditions and social capital) and (ii) five dynamics or drivers (the entrepreneurial dynamic, the business dynamic, the investment dynamic, the institutional dynamic, and the government and policy dynamic). Evolution, in our model, is conceptualized as a self-reinforcing process by which EE are constructed and developed over time, resulting from the co-evolution and interactions of the five dynamics and the framework conditions. Consequently, each EE would follow its own trajectory, moulded by its initial conditions, the relative importance of the different dynamics, and the interaction process between dynamics and framework conditions.

Regional entrepreneurial ecosystems in Chile: comparative lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Villegas-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
General Government ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Framework Conditions

Purpose This paper aims to deal with different experts’ perceptions of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) from central to non-central regions to evaluate if there was any evolution (or involution), comparing the results with those of a previous similar study on Chile from 2013, and it follows to replicate and improve our knowledge of the entrepreneurial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach One of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor surveys, the National Experts’ Survey, was applied to a sample of N = 1,555 key informants in Chile at 11 regions. The author used non-parametric statistics to compare the differences between centrally and non-centrally located experts. Findings The results indicate an evolution of the Chilean entrepreneurial ecosystem in an effort to homologate the entrepreneurial opportunities at non-central regions since the last study published in 2013. The financial support and physical infrastructure conditions were perceived to be more favorable in central regions, whereas the general government policies and entrepreneurial education at primary and secondary levels were perceived to be more favorable in non-central regions. Originality/value This research aims to contribute to filling the gap from the regional EEs’ perspective in emerging economies by comparing the results of the study on Chile with data from the previous government (2007–2009) providing an updated study of it (2015–2018) using the entrepreneurial framework conditions. It is relevant because the government established the “StartUp Chile” program that positioned the country as an innovation hub in Latin America since 2010.

Boutiques and Prêt-à-porter in Santiago de Chile: A Formula for Women’s Modernity (1967–1973)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Vidal M ◽  
Macarena García O ◽  
Pedro Álvarez C
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Consumer Segment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Formula

Abstract In the second half of the 1960s, prêt-à-porter (ready-to-wear) fashion was established in Chile. As an alternative to haute couture (high fashion), prêt-à-porter brought an eagerness for modernisation that was reflected in the setting up of a network of women-led boutiques, which developed strongly between 1967 and 1973. This article first examines the precedents that allowed for the creation of a ‘local fashion system’ that promoted collective work around trades such as knitting and dressmaking. It also analyses the arrangement of a circuit of boutiques in the comuna of Providencia, a strategic sector of Santiago de Chile (the capital city) that fostered the dynamics of social gathering. Later, the article describes the profile of the designer-entrepreneurs whose work was attuned to a female consumer segment that aimed to access a new formula of the modernising bourgeoisie. It also reassesses the rise of a movement called Moda Autóctona, which distanced itself from European fashion and was supported by the government during the socialist regime of Salvador Allende. Lastly, it tackles the eventual dismantling of this network of women’s fashion stores as a result of the installation of a military dictatorship in Chile.

scholarly journals Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5858
Author(s):  
Kyumin Kim ◽  
Do-Hoon Kim ◽  
Yeonghye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.

Scientific approach using AHP to prioritize low volume rural roads for pavement maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Nautiyal ◽  
Sunil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Government

PurposeA large number of roads have been constructed in the rural areas of India to connect habitations with the nearest major roads. With time, the pavements of these roads have deteriorated and they need some kind of maintenance, although they all do not need maintenance at the same time, as they have all not deteriorated to the same level. Hence, they have to be prioritized for maintenance.Design/methodology/approachIn order to present a scientific methodology for prioritizing pavement maintenance, the factors affecting prioritization and the relative importance of each were identified through an expert survey. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to scientifically establish weight (importance) of each factor based on its relative importance over other factors. The proposed methodology was validated through a case study of 203 low volume rural roads in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. Ranking of these roads in order of their priority for maintenance was presented as the final result.FindingsThe results show that pavement distresses, traffic volume, type of connectivity and the socioeconomic facilities located along a road are the four major factors to be considered in determining the priority of a road for maintenance.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology provides a comprehensive, scientific and socially responsible pavement maintenance prioritization method which will automatically select roads for maintenance without any bias.Practical implicationsTimely maintenance of roads will also save budgetary expenditure of restoration/reconstruction, leading to enhancement of road service life. The government will not only save money but also provide timely benefit to the needy population.Social implicationsRoad transportation is the primary mode of inland transportation in rural areas. Timely maintenance of the pavements will be of great help to the socioeconomic development of rural areas.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology lays special emphasis on rural roads which are small in length, but large in number. Instead of random, a scientific method for selection of roads for maintenance will be of great help to the public works department for better management of rural road network.

scholarly journals Bureaucratic Corruption, Democracy and Judicial Independence

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
Institutional Constraint ◽  
Determinants Of Corruption ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The theoretical literature in economics and political science has made numerous efforts in understanding the determinants of corruption and stressed the importance of political institutions in shaping the patterns of government corruption. Nevertheless, very few researches focus on the role of judicial system. Employing a formal model with empirical analyses, I incorporate economic factors with political constraints to investigate the different roles of democracy and judicial independence in determining the level of bureaucrats’ corruption across countries. Empirically, the instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied to resolve the endogeneity problems. The evidence indicates that different levels of corruption across countries are significantly influenced by the degrees of judicial independence. To fight corruption successfully, I contend that the judiciary, as a hard institutional constraint to resist bureaucratic corruption, has to be independent from the government. </p>

scholarly journals Factors predicting citizens’ risk tolerance regarding earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liv Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Tolerance Study ◽  
Measures Of Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

<p>People tolerate different levels of risk from different hazards in their day-to-day life. Perceptions of risks and the amount of risk mitigation people desire for different hazards vary. Previous research shows that the psychometric properties of different hazards predict the level of risk people tolerate for various hazards, but not for earthquakes. Risk tolerance is likely to also be affected by factors other than the psychometric properties of hazards. This research tested how earthquakes score on psychometric risk properties compared to five other hazards, and aimed to replicate previous research on the risk factors predicting risk tolerance. Secondly, the research aimed to test if other factors, namely framing effects, risk perception and fatalistic thinking predict risk tolerance for earthquakes. In Study 1, participants from Wellington, New Zealand (N = 139) rated six different hazards (nuclear power, smoking, alcohol, driving, flying and earthquakes) on several risk characteristics and measures of risk tolerance. The results showed that the different hazards were perceived differently in terms of risk tolerance and that participants thought different risk mitigation actions were appropriate for the six hazards. Factor analysis showed that factors derived from risk characteristics did not predict risk tolerance. Study 2 (N = 173) assessed the effects of framing messages, risk perception and fatalism on risk tolerance (judgments about the firmness of the legislation; willingness to pay tax) and judgments about who should pay. The frames had an effect on participants’ concern about the risk, but did not affect the other measures. Generally participants thought that the Government should pay for strengthening buildings, however, those participants who perceived damage as preventable (fatalism measure) thought that private owners should pay for strengthening.</p>

scholarly journals Stakeholder perceptions in the factors constraining the development and implementation of public private partnerships in the Ugandan electricity sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Akampurira ◽  
David Root ◽  
Winston Shakantu
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
Power Deficit ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

Amidst increasingly constrained public budgets and inadequate service delivery, private sector participation through public private partnerships is increasingly being used as a means for delivering physical infrastructure. The government of Uganda, which is currently grappling with a crippling electricity power deficit, has over the years, pursued a number of strategies to encourage private sector participation in the electricity sector, but with limited success. This paper presents the findings of research into the relative importance as perceived by sector stakeholders, of factors that hamstring private sector participation in the development of hydropower generation facilities through public private partnerships in Uganda. The stakeholders considered in this paper are those representing the government and private sector entities in the development of the partnerships. A review of literature and project documents enabled the identification of relevant factors. Data was collected from the respondents by means of a self administered structured questionnaire and quantitative methods used for data analysis. Key findings from the research indicate that the respondents regarded the regulatory and legal frameworks as being attractive for private sector participation and this business environment is further enhanced by their confidence in the government’s commitment to honour its contractual obligations. In contrast, difficulties in structuring and obtaining finance together with issues over the cumbersome approval process and resistance from environmental groups were identified as the most significant constraints to the development and implementation of public private partnerships in the Ugandan electricity sector. Recognizing the importance of an adequate and reliable supply of power in Uganda, as in so many other sub-Saharan countries, it is anticipated that the identification of the relative importance of the constraints as perceived by stakeholders, will inform the process of developing measures and strategies to mitigate the constraints thus facilitating the speedy implementation and deal closure of public private partnership initiatives with the ensuing benefits.

scholarly journals Kolaborasi Antar Stakeholders Dalam Manajemen Bencana Tanah Longsor Di Kota Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 854-862
Author(s):  
Aziz Masyhuri ◽  
Hartuti Purnaweni ◽  
Augustin Rina Herawati ◽  
Budi Puspo Priyadi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collaboration Process ◽  
Landslide Disaster

This study aims to analyze the collaboration process between stakeholders in landslide disaster management in Gajahmungkur District, Semarang City. Collaboration between stakeholders aims to build commitment, understanding, and responsibility in increasing the effectiveness of disaster management which is analyzed through the concept of collaborative governance by Ansell & Gash (2007). Based on a descriptive qualitative research approach, this research was conducted in the city of Semarang, precisely in the district of Gajahmungkur Kecamatan. Data collection was carried out by interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis is based on four indicators of collaborative governance including: initial conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, to the collaborative process. The results of this study indicate that there are three stakeholders involved in the collaboration, namely local government, community groups, and also the private sector, however, in the process the coordination carried out by the three stakeholders is not effective enough, thus hindering disaster management activities. As a result of this lack of coordination, the landslide disaster in Semarang City has not been handled properly. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the collaborative process carried out in landslide disaster management in Semarang City has not run optimally due to lack of coordination and lack of participation from other stakeholders outside the government sector, causing landslides to still occur frequently.

Claiming Citizenship

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Cooper
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter explores different instances of African claim making. It first looks at the effort of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA) in the Sudan and especially the Côte d'Ivoire to build up its political apparatus across the territory and the efforts of the government to combat what it saw as a countergovernment. The chapter then turns to ways in which African political leaders sought to change the very terms in which future politics was discussed—to rethink the meaning of nation and sovereignty. They were thinking about different levels of political belonging and political action. And as France entered into discussion of creating a European community, they were thinking of expanding the idea of a “Franco-African” political ensemble into something even wider, into “Eurafrica.”

Applying Gap Model for Bringing Effectiveness to e-Government Services

2015 ◽  
pp. 1292-1306
Author(s):  
Amritesh ◽  
Subhas C. Misra ◽  
Jayanta Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Gap Model ◽  
Citizen Satisfaction ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Service Deployment ◽  
Service Offering ◽  
Service Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capacity Gap ◽  
Service Gap ◽  
Different Levels

Taking the means-ends approach to e-governance service quality the authors adopt the Parasuraman's ‘Gap Model' to evaluate the antecedents of service performance in an Indian context of government-to-citizen (G2C) service deployment under the national e-governance plan (NeGP) of India. This e-governance initiative in India has been implemented at multiple tiers of the government that integrates administration and service processes at different levels that includes center, state, district, block, and further to the lowest level of governance unit (Panchayat). The authors acknowledge five levels of potential service discrepancies across the service delivery chain, from designing the service policy to achieving citizen satisfaction. These are service conceptualization, service design, service capacity, service offering, and service consumption. Corresponding to these discrepancies, the authors explain six types of potential gaps in e-governance G2C service context: Assessment Gap, Design Gap, Capacity Gap, External Communication Gap, Delivery Gap, and Service Gap. Preliminary strategies to close these gaps are also proposed.

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