Chapter I

Sybil ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Disraeli
Keyword(s):  
The Public

‘Another week,’ exclaimed a gentleman in Downing Street* on the 5th of August, 1842, ‘and we shall be prorogued. You can surely keep the country quiet for another week.’ ‘I cannot answer for the public peace for another four-and-twenty hours,’ replied his companion....

Child Sex Tourism

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
Child Prostitution ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization

If sex tourism is the dark, if debated, side of tourism, then child sex tourism represents the line in the sand that should never be crossed. While sex tourism involving adults provokes a variety of opinions and positions (Cohen, 1982; Oppermann, 1998; Kempadoo et al., 2005; O’Connell-Davidson and Sánchez Taylor, 2005; Sánchez Taylor, 2006; Day, 2007; Eades, 2009), child prostitution involving tourists is universally condemened and high-profile cases, such as the trial of Gary Glitter, point to the depths of public revulsion against such behaviour. The last 20 years have seen vocal campaigns against child sex tourism, resulting in changes in national legislation in many countries, statements and taskforces from the World Tourism Organization, the inauguration of World Congresses against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and a universal determination to stamp out a crime and a moral outrage. Despite the public outcry and changes in legislation, however, child sex tourism continues and, in some ways, the moral indignation that the subject arouses obscures certain aspects of the situations in which children caught up in prostitution live and work. There is still a dearth of information about how children meet clients, what is expected of them and their paths in and out of prostitution (Montgomery, 2001a, 2001b). Their clients are even more unknown and there is very little research (as opposed to anecdotal) evidence that discusses their motivations, their modus operandi or their choices about which countries they will visit and where they can find opportunities for sexual activity with children (Ennew, 1986; Montgomery, 2008; for an excellent overview of the available evidence see O’Connell-Davidson, 2005). At both national and international levels, legislation to protect children, although much heralded, has proved inadequate, and left unanswered important questions about enforcement and practical help for the children affected. In this chapter, I examine the legislation in place to tackle the problem of child sex tourism, and contrast this with a case study from Thailand of a small community in which children worked as prostitutes in order to support their parents and themselves. In doing so, I am not arguing for any moral ambivalence or ambiguity in discussions of child sex tourism. Rather, I wish to point out the lacuna between those discussions and the lived realities of the children.

Chapter I. The Economy in 1978

1979 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
The Public

The overall pattern of changes in real expenditure and output was markedly different in 1978 from that of 1977 (see chart 1). In 1977, largely because of the undertakings given in the Letter of Intent to the IMF of December 1976, fiscal policy was deliberately restrictive. The stance of fiscal policy was made harsher still by the public expenditure shortfall produced by the operation of the relatively unfamiliar cash limits. There was a fairly small fall in public authorities' current spending and much larger falls in capital expenditures. Private consumption, too, fell as stages II and III of the pay policy operated. Trade to 6 per cent of the labour force. Retail price inflation did, however, fall fractionally from 16.5 per cent in 1976 to 15.9 per cent in 1977 (and to 13 per cent through the year).

scholarly journals Towards Ethical Conception in Legal Regulation of Vaccination in the Russian Federation

JAHR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336
Author(s):  
Olga Iosifovna Kubar ◽  
Anastasia Evgenievna Nikitina ◽  
Galina Ljvovna Mikirtichan ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Roshchina ◽  
Asmik Georgievna Asatryan
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ethical Component

Today the ethical aspect became the cornerstone of all public discussion defining the success of vaccination all over the world. This situation had a basic influence on formatting the modern normative regulation connected with vaccination by the inclusion of the universal ethical principals in the legislative concept. It is also extremely important to reach an understanding and recognition of these fundamental bases among responsible professional community and public society in general. Another significant impact is also to get harmonization and solidarity between existing national legislation and international ones. These provisions defined the main objective of this article to analyze the role and value of the ethical component in the current legislation in the Russian Federation connected with vaccination. First, the significance of universal ethical principles in the process of vaccine’s R&D and practical vaccination is presented (Chapter I). Secondary, the legal system of the Russian Federation is analyzed considering the compliance and the possibility of executing various ethical standards (Chapter II). Third, the author’s research based on a questionnaire survey held among the various categories responsible for vaccination, an imbalance of knowledge, and the implementation of basic ethical-normative principles are shown (Chapter III). The main conclusion of the article is the confirmation of the compliance between Russian legislation and the universal principles of bioethics. At the same time, there is an urgent need for education and awareness in order to improve the scientific and practical achievements of vaccination and to get the real adaptation of an ethical concept among professional society, as well as to reach the public trust.

scholarly journals Public Intimacy and ‘White Feminism’: On the Vain Trust in Scandinavian Equality

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-47
Author(s):  
Mikela Lundahl Hero
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This chapter addresses Islamophobia as it is expressed in and through discourses of feminism and gender inequality, in some recent debates about public appearances of Muslims in Sweden. In debates about whether or not we should open for a few hours of women only in the public swimming pools debaters use feminist arguments on equality, some writers argue that such an act would risk that Sweden turned into a ‘medieval’ situation, or becomes a version of Iran. Liberal debaters, who clearly restrict their liberalism to westernised individuals and practices, build these arguments upon a rationale of feminism and gender equality. How can we protect the feminist discourse from being used in Islamophobic contexts as these? In this chapter I argue that feminism has to strengthen its articulations of its critique against universalism, and white, western, secular, middle-class (as well as hetero- and cis-) values, if it wants to be relevant in a globalised world.

Male Breast Cancer in the Public Imagination

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Piper Sledge
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
The Public ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Narrative Framework ◽  
Public Imagination ◽  
Breast Cancer In Men

Breast cancer in American culture is intrinsically tied to normative ideologies of femininity. Within the highly visible public discourse about breast cancer, men with the disease (both transgender and cisgender) remain nearly invisible. The very presence of breast cancer in men is unthinkable precisely because its presence challenges the association of femininity with breasts. In this chapter I explore the ways that male breast cancer emerges in public discourse in order to explore the ways in normative expectations of masculinity emerge as a narrative framework for bringing trans and cis men into the breast cancer conversation as well as the ways that masculinity is deployed differentially in representing breast cancer in these two groups of men.

Ludic Recycling in Latin American Art : From Remixing the City to Sampling Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schleiner
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Art ◽  
American Art ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
The City

In this chapter I foreground an ecologically aware, ludic approach to crafting public art experiences, drawing primarily from interviews with four prominent Latin American artists. Conditions observable in the global South that influence these artworks include urban sprawl and shanty towns, electronics waste sites accumulating from the rapid production cycles of electronic hardware, and the environmental damage of natural habitats. My intent in this chapter is to offer a view into a field of public art production in Latin America where artists and critics have over the past few decades developed a sophisticated, yet inclusive visual, interactive, and playful dialogue with the public.

NGOs and the Rescue Narrative

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Erin M. Kamler
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Trafficking Victim ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Female Migrant

In this chapter, I interrogate the experiences of those whose work responded to the supposed trafficking “victim”—the employees of abolitionist anti-trafficking NGOs in Thailand whose organizations provided shelter to former sex workers and advocate for policy change. Through an analysis of interviews, I show how NGO employees narrated the issue of trafficking to members of the public as well as to themselves, and how this “rescue narrative” gave voice—or failed to give voice—to the lived experiences of the female migrant laborers who their organizations were trying to help. I explore five dominant narratives that highlighted the challenges employees faced navigating the intercultural dimensions of their work, and the struggles they experienced trying to implement policies related to rescue. I suggest that these narratives reveal deeper personal struggles encountered by the employees, and consider how such struggles may risk hindering the effectiveness of their work.

The Festival Isogaisa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trude Fonneland
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Religion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Time

In this chapter, I examine stories, products, and services that take shape as a Sámi shaman festival opens its doors to the public for the first time. I ask what is included in the marketing of the Isogaisa festival as an appealing happening. I further explore the role the past and Sámi indigenous religion play in the production of experiences that takes place, and examine how what is distinctly local at Isogaisa is highlighted on the basis of global structures and organizations to create interest for a chosen product and a specific destination.

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