Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Brondolo ◽  
Irene V. Blair ◽  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Stress Recovery ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Appraisal Processes

This chapter presents a theoretical framework that highlights the role of social cognition in mediating the effects of discrimination on health. This framework suggests that through alterations in schemas and appraisal processes, long-term discrimination increases the experienced frequency, intensity, and duration of threat exposure and concomitant distress. At the same time, the ability to recover from threat exposure may be impaired by the effects of discrimination on cognitive control processes that are necessary for modulating stress responses. Together, these processes may influence the ability to initiate and sustain health-promoting behavior, avoid health-impairing behavior, attenuate stress reactivity, and facilitate stress recovery. Through effects on social cognition, persistent exposure to discrimination may potentiate sustained dysregulation of psychophysiological systems responsible for maintaining health.

scholarly journals Mediator as a Story Recipient in Narrative Mediation: What Types of Questions Should I Ask?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Chen Ying ◽  
Tan Chee Lay
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Good Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conflict Talk

<p><em>This study adopted the theoretical framework of narrative mediation to investigate a storied conflict talk between a landlord and her tenant in which the mediator played the role of a story recipient in the co-construction of stories with disputants. The focus of this research is on the function of questions posed by the mediator in the production of turning points which are favourable to the evolution of “better-formed” stories. The results of this study indicate that there are at least two types of questions mediators ask: 1) the questions that can help disputants reflect on their imperfectness; 2) the questions that awaken disputants’ memories of their good stories from the past. It is shown that the de-legitimacy for Self laid a foundation for the production of a good story towards a meaningful outcome for the mediation. The inadequacy of the context formed by first having legitimacy for Other followed by the de-legitimacy for Self led to the failure of destabilizing the problematic story in the mediation. The lack of the dominant party’s legitimacy for Other resulted in the absence of legitimacy from the marginalized side and would likely cause unfavourable consequences to the mediation in the long term.</em></p>

scholarly journals Glutathione Protects Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis against Freeze-Thawing, Freeze-Drying, and Cold Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2989-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Guo-Cheng Du ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Xian-Yan Liao ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Lactobacillus Sanfranciscensis

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DSM20451 cells containing glutathione (GSH) displayed significantly higher resistance against cold stress induced by freeze-drying, freeze-thawing, and 4°C cold treatment than those without GSH. Cells containing GSH were capable of maintaining their membrane structure intact when exposed to freeze-thawing. In addition, cells containing GSH showed a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes upon long-term cold treatment. Subsequent studies revealed that the protective role of GSH against cryodamage of the cell membrane is partly due to preventing peroxidation of membrane fatty acids and protecting Na+,K+-ATPase. Intracellular accumulation of GSH enhanced the survival and the biotechnological performance of L. sanfranciscensis, suggesting that the robustness of starters for sourdough fermentation can be improved by selecting GSH-accumulating strains. Moreover, the results of this study may represent a further example of mechanisms for stress responses in lactic acid bacteria.

Family, Friends and Neighbors: The Role of Primary Groups in Preventing the Misuse of Drugs

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lynn Kail ◽  
Eugene Litwak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Prescription Medicine ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Minority Woman ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Primary Groups

Primary groups such as relatives, neighbors and friends are a source of support that health care providers overlook. We present a theoretical framework which suggests primary groups can help prevent the misuse of prescription medicine. Kin are especially helpful in assisting elderly to take medications on a long-term basis where the regimens are fairly simple. It may also be especially important to engage kin in helping the older minority woman to understand the doctor. Even at a distance, kin may be able to provide such assistance and should not be discounted as a resource. Neighbors can be helpful in getting a medicine needed unexpectedly and might assist with relatively complex routines that last for only a brief period. Friends who have had similar experiences are especially helpful when the medicine is prescribed on an as needed basis by teaching the client how to judge when a dose is needed.

scholarly journals The role of stress reactivity in the long-term persistence of adolescent social anxiety symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Nelemans ◽  
W.W. Hale III ◽  
S.J.T. Branje ◽  
P.A.C. van Lier ◽  
H.M. Koot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms

scholarly journals Cryptocurrencies and Finance Theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-365
Author(s):  
AbdulQuddoos AbdulBasith ◽  
◽  
Mohammed M Elgammal ◽  
Bana Abuzayed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Asset Class ◽  
Critical Feedback ◽  
The Times ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
Term Analysis

Cryptocurrency (CCY) as a new key player in the currency system that has drawn the attention of scholars to examine its influence, relations and the opportunities that it may provide. However, a financial theoretical framework to connect CCY with financial theory is missing. This paper fills this gap by providing a review for the theoretical framework introduced in the literature to position CCY in investment and finance theories. This is done by studying the CCY literature and providing a critical feedback on the overall contributions in the area and possible venues for improvement. We report a need for a long-term analysis for CCY as this asset class is fairly new and sufficient data may not be available. Moreover, a better connection and linking with finance theories is required as it is significantly deficient. The promising potential of blockchain/ CCY stresses the need for interdisciplinary research including business, legal and information technology disciplines. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic opens the door for further research to investigate the role of CCY as a hedge in the times of crises. Keywords: digital ledger technology, cryptocurrency bitcoin, finance theory, investment, fintech

Smart Specialization Strategies and Universities

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-59
Author(s):  
Christophe Feder
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Discovery ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
The University

The smart specialization strategy is a cornerstone in the EU policy. The smart specialization policy and the entrepreneurial discovery process is formalized in order to generalize and implement the smart specialization concept. The main conclusion of the proposed theoretical framework is that the smart specialization strategy is efficient if it increases the productivity of the largest factor in the region. Starting from the biased technological change notion, the proposed theoretical framework shows the pivotal role of the university for the efficient implementation of the smart specialization strategy not only in the short and medium term but also in the long term.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of mind wandering: ultradian rhythms in thought generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Nakatani ◽  
Benjamin Ganschow ◽  
Cees van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Ultradian Rhythms ◽  
Control Strength ◽  
Generation Cycle ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relative Coordination

Using the method of experience sampling, we studied the fluctuations in thought generation and cognitive control strength during the wakeful hours of the day, centered around episodes of mind wandering. Thought generation, measured in terms of the number of thoughts that concurrently occupy the mind at sampling time, goes through regular 4-6 hour cycles, suggesting the mind operates with an alternation of focused and multitasking modes. Cognitive control strength rises and falls in relative coordination with thought generation, implying that both are occasionally misaligned. This happens, in particular, when cognitive control suddenly drops after having been keeping up with a cycle of thought generation. When this drop occurs while the thought generation cycle is still up, mind wandering appears. As cognitive control quickly resumes before returning to intermediate values, the thought generation cycle begins to fall again, and the mind wandering episode comes to an end. Implications regarding the role of long-term regulation in mind wandering processes are discussed.

Acculturation contexts: Theorizing on the role of inter-cultural hierarchy in contemporary immigrants’ acculturation strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina S. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Acculturation Strategies ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Cultural Hierarchy ◽  
Acculturation Theory ◽  
Psychosocial Maladjustment ◽  
Cultural Dominance

Recent efforts to expand the theoretical framework of acculturation have drawn attention to a variety of pre-migration and reception contexts that affect how immigrants engage with the culture of their country of destination. Building on John W. Berry’s seminal work, this article contributes to the development of acculturation theory by delineating the previously under-explored context of inter-cultural hierarchy. Employing a critical theory stance, the paper argues that immigrants’ response to western cultural dominance and the rise of neoliberal imperatives can influence, along with the above mentioned contexts, their acculturative strategies. The paper proposes distinctions between types of assimilation, integration and separation strategies that have the potential to capture immigrant’s risk of long-term psychosocial maladjustment in the country of destination.

scholarly journals Long-Term Citalopram Treatment Alters the Stress Responses of the Cortical Dopamine and Noradrenaline Systems: the Role of Cortical 5-HT1AReceptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. pyw026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Kaneko ◽  
Yukie Kawahara ◽  
Yuki Kishikawa ◽  
Yuuki Hanada ◽  
Makiko Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses
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