Adult Attachment and Compassion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Sense Of Security

According to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973, 1982), the optimal functioning of the attachment behavioral system and the resulting sense of security in dealing with life’s challenges and difficulties facilitate the functioning of other behavioral systems, including the caregiving system that governs the activation of prosocial behavior and compassionate acts of helping needy others. In this chapter, we focus on what we have learned about the interplay of the attachment and caregiving systems and their effects on compassion and altruism. We begin by explaining the behavioral system construct in more detail and show how individual differences in a person’s attachment system affect the functioning of the caregiving system. We review examples from the literature on attachment, focusing on what attachment theorists call providing a “safe haven” for needy others. We then review studies that have shown how individual differences in attachment affect empathy, compassion, and support provision.

Introduction to Attachment Theory: Behavioural System and Individual Differences

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Chia-Huei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Internal Working Models ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
And Behaviors

The aim of this chapter is to introduce attachment theory to provide a knowledge background for applying the theory to understand employee proactivity. This chapter firstly introduces the concept of behavioral system in attachment theory and then specifically elaborates the development and operation of an attachment behavioral system, the central behavioral system that can shape operation of other behavioral systems. Finally, the chapter elaborates how the development of the attachment behavioral system shapes individuals’ internal working models of self, others, and the broader social environment which continuously guide an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in later life.

Attachment Theory Expanded

2018 ◽  
pp. 538-566
Author(s):  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
The Impact

This chapter moves from the original form of attachment theory and research to a more comprehensive behavioral systems theory of personality, motivation, and social behavior that considers both individual differences and the impact on mental processes and behavior of relationship partners and other aspects of social situations. The chapter begins by explaining the behavioral systems construct, including its species-universal and individual-differences aspects, which interact with social situations to shape social behavior. The behavioral systems studied to date are discussed: attachment, exploration, caregiving, sex, and power. More emphasis is placed on the attachment system than on the other behavioral systems because it has received more research attention, but new research related to the other behavioral systems is summarized. Avenues are suggested for further theorizing and research that will lead to a more complete behavioral systems theory of personality and social behavior.

Attachment Theory Expanded

2012 ◽  
pp. 466-492
Author(s):  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter we move from the original form of attachment theory and research to a more comprehensive behavioral systems theory of personality, motivation, and social behavior that considers both individual differences and the impact of relationship partners and other aspects of social situations. We begin by explaining the behavioral systems construct, including its species-universal and individual-differences aspects, which interact with social situations to shape social behavior. We discuss the behavioral systems studied to date: attachment, exploration, caregiving, sex, and power. We place more emphasis on the attachment system than on the other behavioral systems because it has received more research attention, but we also summarize new research related to the other behavioral systems. We suggest avenues for further theorizing and research that will lead to a more complete behavioral systems theory of personality and social behavior.

The Caregiving System Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Colledani ◽  
Anna M. Meneghini ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract. According to attachment theory, the propensity of human beings to care for others is governed by an inborn caregiving behavioral system that aims to promote welfare and reduce the distress of other people through effective provision of care. However, some individuals may develop non-optimal caregiving strategies, such as anxious hyperactivation and avoidant deactivation. These two non-optimal caregiving strategies can be evaluated in adults using the Caregiving System Scale (CSS). Recent findings suggested that the factor structure of the instrument may be more complex than was intended. The present work examines in-depth the factor structure of the CSS to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying dimensions. Gender invariance and the contribution of attachment orientations to CSS scores are also examined. Findings reveal that, whereas the CSS-deactivation subscale is unidimensional, the CSS-hyperactivation subscale is better represented by two distinct yet related constructs – caregiving-related worries/doubts and intrusive/coercive caregiving. Partial strict gender invariance is supported. The contribution of attachment orientations to non-optimal caregiving strategies is consistent with theoretical expectations. Results and future research directions are discussed in the final section.

Is Compassion Innate? A Psychological Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Agnes M.F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Reward Systems ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Support Seeking

In this chapter, the author looks at compassion from two psychological perspectives: evolutionary and developmental. Evolutionary psychology proposes that there are three emotion systems: threat/self-protect, drive/reward, and affiliative/soothing. By developing our capacity to mindfully access, accept, and direct affiliative motives and emotions—for others and ourselves—we can cultivate compassion skills to shift our mind toward the affiliative/soothing system and down-regulate the threat/self-protect and drive/reward systems. Developmental psychology further contributes to our understanding of compassion by proposing two behavioural systems: the attachment behavioural system that governs support-seeking and the caregiving behavioural system that governs support provision. It suggests that the interplay between these two systems may account for individual differences in the disposition to compassion. Last, the author shows that compassion not only benefits the recipients, but also improves the psychological health of the caregivers.

The Place of Attachment in the Life Events Model of Stress and Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm West ◽  
W. John Livesley ◽  
Linda Reiffer ◽  
Adrienne Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Basic System ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Subsequent Onset

Recent evidence indicates that perceived adequacy of support has substantial predictive power for the subsequent onset of minor psychiatric symptoms. Such findings suggest that social support is not purely a properly of the environment, but is also a function of personality. The problem, however, with a re-emphasis on personality variables is that any one of scores of dimensions can be chosen for study. This paper argues that precision may be gained by conceptualizing personality variables in terms of basic behavioral systems that have been extensively investigated in ethological and developmental studies. One such basic system is attachment. The present paper discusses the relevance of attachment theory for understanding susceptibility to stress and individual differences in the use of social support during times of stress.

Determinants of parenting attitudes in mothers with severe psychopathology

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Carol T. Mowbray ◽  
G. Anne Bogat
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Parenting Attitudes ◽  
Maternal Functioning ◽  
Relational Experiences ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

AbstractDeterminants of individual differences in the sensitivity of parenting attitudes were investigated in mothers with schizophrenic or major mood disorders. Constructs from the major domains of the mother's childhood relational experiences, personality, social context, and child characteristics were evaluated in a developmental model to predict differences in parenting attitudes. Two pathways were identified. An index of the severity and chronicity of the mother's disorder was shown to predict less-adaptive parenting attitudes. A second pathway revealed that emotional support from network members influenced self-esteem, which predicted more adaptive parenting attitudes. However, perceptions of childhood relational experiences, particularly maternal uninvolvement, predicted parenting attitudes as well as accounted for relationships among emotional support, self-esteem, and parenting. The results were discussed from an attachment theory perspective. The implications of individual differences in maternal functioning for both the mother and the child's adaptation were discussed, and treatment issues were addressed.

scholarly journals Implementasi Asuhan Sayang Ibu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Candimulyo Kabupaten Magelang pada Bulan Mei Tahun 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswari Paramita ◽  
Mustika Pramestyani ◽  
Mentari Mentari
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Method Evaluation ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Provision Of Care

Background: Dear mother care is care with the principle of mutual respect for the culture, beliefs and desires of the mother. One basic principle is to include husbands and families during labor and childbirth. Attention and support to the mother during labor will gain a sense of security and a better output. Dear mother's care during childbirth include the care given to the mother, which began when I to stage IV. Dear mother care implementation or become a fundamental principle in the provision of care dear mother in the delivery process includes providing emotional support, provision of fluids and nutrition, flexibility for bladder and bowel, as well as the prevention of infection. Objective: This study aims to determine the implementation dear mother care clinic working area Candimulyo. Method: Type of approach used in this study is the evaluation of research method (Evaluation Study). Respondents in this study all private midwives working area clinic Candimulyo 20 the number of samples taken by the Non-Probability sampling techniques saturated. Result: From the analysis of the implementation of the care of dear mother of this study showed that of the 20 respondents found the overall implementation of the care of maternal affection are quite as many as 13 respondents (65%). Conclusion: Implementation dear mother care clinic Candimulyo working area is quite.

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