Narratives of Crisis Migration and the Power of Visual Culture

2018 ◽  
pp. 618-634
Author(s):  
Claudia Tazreiter
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Crisis Narratives ◽  
Settler Society

This chapter explores the phenomenon of crisis migration through focusing on the power of its visualization. It is argued that recent events labeled “migration crises” ought to be understood as crises of democratic politics rather than being existential threats alluded to by the crisis narratives, they instead reflect communication and language used by political leaders and parts of the global media in relation to the flow of refugees and irregular migrants. This claim is explored through the case of asylum-seeker arrivals in Australia and their treatment in offshore detention as a “crisis” response. Australia is an important case study to explore as a “settler” society that has benefited from large waves of immigration, particularly from the 1950s onward, including significant numbers of people from a refugee background. Focusing on the punitive arrangements and conditions for asylum-seekers sent to Nauru and Manus Island, the case study points to the important role of affect in building sentiment and public opinion on outsiders and marginalized people. Visual and material cultural markers and artifacts are examples of the deployment of affect, utilized by those empathetic to the circumstances of asylum-seekers and also by those wishing to demonize them, notably states.

Voices in Conflict? The Crisis Communication of Meta-Organizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Frandsen ◽  
Winni Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Research Questions

Crisis communication research has largely focused on investigating crisis response strategies applied by a single organization when aiming to protect its reputation among key stakeholders. Little research has explored the interorganizational dimension of crises, crisis management, and crisis communication, in casu, the role of trade associations. Based on Rhetorical Arena Theory, this article examines two research questions: (1) How do trade associations prepare for crises that may arise for their member organizations and/or for themselves? and (2) How do trade associations communicate during a crisis involving one or more of their members and/or themselves? Do they speak with “one voice,” or do they pursue different strategies? The empirical basis for this research is a case study of how four Danish trade associations representing the clothing industry intervened communicatively when one of their members, Bestseller, faced a double crisis in 2011.

Nationalism, Collaboration, and Resistance: France under Nazi Occupation

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Adam Kocher ◽  
Adria K. Lawrence ◽  
Nuno P. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
International Context ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Foreign Intervention

Does nationalism produce resistance to foreign military occupation? The existing literature suggests that it does. Nationalism, however, also can lead to acquiescence and even to active collaboration with foreign conquerors. Nationalism can produce a variety of responses to occupation because political leaders connect nationalist motivations to other political goals. A detailed case study of the German occupation of France during World War II demonstrates these claims. In this highly nationalistic setting, Vichy France entered into collaboration with Germany despite opportunities to continue fighting in 1940 or defect from the German orbit later. Collaboration with Germany was widely supported by French elites and passively accommodated by the mass of nationalistic French citizens. Because both resisters and collaborators were French nationalists, nationalism cannot explain why collaboration was the dominant French response or why a relatively small number of French citizens resisted. Variation in who resisted and when resistance occurred can be explained by the international context and domestic political competition. Expecting a German victory in the war, French right-wing nationalists chose collaboration with the Nazis as a means to suppress and persecute their political opponents, the French Left. In doing so, they fostered resistance. This case suggests the need for a broader reexamination of the role of nationalism in explaining reactions to foreign intervention.

Foreign Policy and the Granting of Asylum: The Case of Zimbabwean Asylum Seekers in the United States (2000–2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock Ndawana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

The nexus between foreign policy and the granting of asylum exists, but scholars have not yet reached a consensus regarding the nature of the relationship. This study examines the role of foreign policy in the granting of asylum using the case of Zimbabwean asylum seekers in the United States (US). It found that although other factors matter, foreign policy was central to the outcomes of Zimbabwean asylum seekers in the US. It asserts that explaining the outcomes of Zimbabwean asylum seekers in the US needs to go beyond the role of foreign policy and be nuanced because the case study rejects a monolithic understanding.

Role of Social Media in Terrorism Crisis Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Stephen Gichuhi Kimotho ◽  
Carolyne Nyaboe Nyarang'o
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Terrorism targeting corporate bodies remains one the greatest risks to the most critical intangible asset of any organization: reputation. Thus, effective crisis communication is critical during and after terror crisis to mitigate further damage on the reputation. To date, many studies around the globe have tended to focus on the role of the traditional media during terror crisis, paying minimal attention to organisations' use of social media during terror crisis. Using a descriptive qualitative case study, this study examined the role of social media during 2013 Westgate Mall terror attack, in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings revealed that the Interior Ministry (IM) used Twitter as the preferred social media platform to communicate with various stakeholders. Accommodative crisis response strategies were the most used by the IM. However, the ministry was plagued with inaccuracies and inconsistencies in its responses on social media compromising reputation of the government further. Balancing the need for speedy response, accuracy and consistency, remained the greatest challenge for the IM.

Role of Social Media in Terrorism Crisis Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Stephen Gichuhi Kimotho ◽  
Carolyne Nyaboe Nyarang'o
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Terrorism targeting corporate bodies remains one the greatest risks to the most critical intangible asset of any organization: reputation. Thus, effective crisis communication is critical during and after terror crisis to mitigate further damage on the reputation. To date, many studies around the globe have tended to focus on the role of the traditional media during terror crisis, paying minimal attention to organisations' use of social media during terror crisis. Using a descriptive qualitative case study, this study examined the role of social media during 2013 Westgate Mall terror attack, in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings revealed that the Interior Ministry (IM) used Twitter as the preferred social media platform to communicate with various stakeholders. Accommodative crisis response strategies were the most used by the IM. However, the ministry was plagued with inaccuracies and inconsistencies in its responses on social media compromising reputation of the government further. Balancing the need for speedy response, accuracy and consistency, remained the greatest challenge for the IM.

scholarly journals Asylum-Seekers Prosecuted for Human Smuggling: A Case Study of Scafisti in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-152
Author(s):  
Flavia Patanè ◽  
Maarten P Bolhuis ◽  
Joris van Wijk ◽  
Helena Kreiensiek
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract States increasingly prosecute irregular migrants – asylum-seekers included – for their (alleged) involvement in human smuggling during their own migration journey. Based on a literature review and interviews with lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and migrants on Sicily, this article provides insight into the nature and scale of this phenomenon in Italy and discusses the effects of criminal prosecution on these migrants’ asylum procedures. From 2015–2018, as a standard operating procedure, roughly 1,300 “captains” and navigators – scafisti (literally: smugglers by boat) – of small dinghies with migrants arriving in Italy have been arrested for suspicion of “aiding clandestine (or irregular) immigration”. Most scafisti are migrants themselves and there are strong indications that they were forced to steer or navigate the boat. These prosecuted migrants face many difficulties in proving duress and are often inadequately advised about the consequences of a criminal conviction on their subsequent immigration procedures. After a conviction, as well as after an acquittal, they are often excluded from official reception centres and have difficulties accessing asylum procedures. When they manage to apply for asylum, they will be denied international protection if they have been convicted. When they cannot be expelled, they may end up in a legal limbo, having to rely on a temporary humanitarian status with strict limitations.

scholarly journals Humanitarian makerspaces in crisis-affected communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-386
Author(s):  
Lucia Corsini ◽  
James Moultrie
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for humanitarian aid around the world. At the same time, the number of makerspaces has been growing exponentially. Recently, the humanitarian sector has become interested in how these new design spaces can help crisis-affected populations. Despite the emergence of humanitarian makerspaces, there is little research to date that documents their outcomes and impacts. A multi-case study approach is taken to analyze three makerspaces that support migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Greece. A maturity grid tool is used to show that humanitarian makerspaces are driving impact in six key areas. The study underlines how these makerspaces support different design activities and have different outcomes. It also considers the challenges which are preventing humanitarian makerspaces from achieving their ultimate goals, drawing attention to the need for an enabling ecosystem in both the local and humanitarian context. This research brings clarity to the poorly understood phenomenon of humanitarian makerspaces and highlights the important role of design in humanitarian interventions. It also reveals practical insights for humanitarian organizations who are considering setting up makerspaces in crisis-affected communities.

The Role of Primary Social Groups in Migration Decision-Making: A Case Study of Chinese Students in Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This article sought to analyze the role of primary social groups on the migration decision-making process of on-shore asylum seekers. Previous research on migration decision-making had been dominated by an individual-family-community analysis, and failed to consider the role of other social groups. This article is based on research on the Chinese students living in Australia at the time of the June 4, 1989 event in Beijing. Their experience was used to conceptualize the role of the migrants' primary social groups in migration decisions. The article addressed several themes of group-based migration decision-making and outlined the basic characteristics of the primary social group as a decision-making unit.

scholarly journals Politics, audience costs, and signalling: Britain and the 1863–4 Schleswig-Holstein crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jayme R. Schlesinger ◽  
Jack S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Crisis Bargaining ◽  
Audience Costs ◽  
British Foreign Policy

Abstract Audience costs theory posits that domestic audiences punish political leaders who make foreign threats but fail to follow through, and that anticipation of audience costs gives more accountable leaders greater leverage in crisis bargaining. We argue, contrary to the theory, that leaders are often unaware of audience costs and their impact on crisis bargaining. We emphasise the role of domestic opposition in undermining a foreign threat, note that opposition can emerge from policy disagreements within the governing party as well as from partisan oppositions, and argue that the resulting costs differ from audience costs. We argue that a leader's experience of audience costs can trigger learning about audience costs dynamics and alter future behaviour. We demonstrate the plausibility of these arguments through a case study of the 1863–4 Schleswig-Holstein crisis. Prime Minister Palmerston's threat against German intervention in the Danish dispute triggered a major domestic debate, which undercut the credibility of the British threat and contributed to both the failure of deterrence and to subsequent British inaction. Parliament formally censured Palmerston, contributing to a learning-driven reorientation in British foreign policy.

scholarly journals Kekhilafahan Islam, Globalisasi dan Gerilya Maya: Studi Kasus Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia

FIKRAH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Paelani Setia ◽  
M. Taufiq Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Boundaries

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper aims to explain the role of radical Islamic organizations in the era of globalization. The case study taken in this research is Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). As a transnational organization, Hizb ut-Tahrir grew and crossed national boundaries, including arriving in Indonesia and playing an essential role in shaping public opinion in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative research methods to collect data through online observation, which is described by content analysis. The findings of this study are Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia is part of the players of globalization. This is evidenced by the organization's involvement in 50 countries and five continents globally supported by their global media. In Indonesia, although the Government disbanded it in 2017, Hizb ut-Tahrir's activities are still strengthened and maintained through globalization instruments such as the internet. HTI then carried out virtual guerrilla activities to keep the idea of a caliphate grounded.</span></p>

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