Coming of Age in Elite Families, c. 1200–c. 1650

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Young Lords

Access to wealth and privileged status lent the youth culture of the aristocracies of Western Europe a distinctive flavor in the medieval and early modern periods. Issues touching wardship, property rights, and the transmission of lands between generations gave adults a vested interest in supervising the young in adolescence, and in educating them for the responsibilities of governing estates and making marriages that were, ideally, closely aligned to dynastic interests. Like adolescents from other social backgrounds, fledgling young lords and ladies were sometimes tempted into wayward behavior and rebelled in conduct, words, and deeds against their elders. Yet, common experiences and shared rites of passage among elite youth—such as undergoing military training on the part of boys and serving in great households and attending princely courts—offered young nobles a chance to socialize with one another. They experienced youthful companionship and enjoyed recreational activities together, including jousting, hawking, hunting, dancing, and making music. They also learned the intricacies surrounding courtship and love. In these ways, young men and women became acculturated into noble society.

The fundamental Coase of development: property rights foundations of the effective state

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Ennio E. Piano ◽  
Alexander W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
State Governance ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
City State

AbstractThis paper identifies political property rights and jurisdictional rivalry as two important mechanisms that drive political and economic development. After developing a general framework to explain relative performance in the ‘market for governance’, we argue that Western Europe during the High Middle Ages presented initial conditions conducive to the development of effective states. We extend the framework by analyzing city-state governance in Renaissance Italy, as well as public finance practices in early modern Germany. We conclude by discussing the implications of our argument for the literature on state capacity and economic development. The takeaway is that well-aligned political property rights and competition in the provision of governance services can promote the protective and productive state while forestalling the predatory state.

The Inheritors’ Coming of Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
The Rich

Chapter 7 focuses on the upbringing of the second generation of the Russian bourgeoisie. As the first generation of wealthy Russians grows older, they are becoming more aware of their own mortality and are preparing to hand over their wealth to the next generation. It seems that rich Russians are yet to find a convincing narrative to justify their children’s legitimate entitlement to wealth that does not contradict their own everyday ideology of being self-made. Nevertheless, a two-pronged approach is emerging. First, in line with the shift toward new modesty, children are being encouraged to cultivate a habitus of privilege, as Sherman suggests in the case with wealthy US Americans, which makes them appear morally worthy in an environment marked by extreme inequality. Second, via their philanthropy the rich are supporting institutions and scholars in an effort to strengthen a dynamic capitalist environment in which privileged status is respected.

Time Goes on Crutches till Love Have All His Rites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Legal Contract

The last three chapters of this book present specific case studies showing concrete examples of the issues to which probabilism was applied. These chapters bring the theoretical and theological discussions on probabilism into the daily life of early modern men and women, and they demonstrate the fundamental role probabilism assumed in early modern Western culture. This chapter focuses on the question of the validity of East Asian marriages, which were institutionally, legally, and culturally very different from the European West. As Catholic missionaries and theologians confronted these differences, they found probabilism immensely useful for rethinking, updating, and adapting to this new context traditional notions concerning the nature of marriage both as a sacrament and as a legal contract.

Orthodox Radicals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Infant Baptism ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Baptist Identity ◽  
Ongoing Project

Orthodox Radicals explores the origins and identity of Baptists during the English Revolution (1640–1660), arguing that mid-seventeenth century Baptists did not, in fact, understand themselves to be part of a larger, all-encompassing “Baptist” movement. Contrary to both the explicit statements of many historians and the tacit suggestion embedded in the very use of “Baptist” as an overarching historical category, the early modern men and women who rejected infant baptism would not have initially understood that single theological move as being in itself constitutive of a new group identity. Rather, the rejection of infant baptism was but one of a number of doctrinal revisions then taking place among English puritans eager to further their ongoing project of godly reformation. Orthodox Radicals thus complicates our understanding of Baptist identity and addresses broader themes including early modern religious toleration, the mechanisms by which early modern groups defined and defended themselves, and the perennial problem of historical anachronism. By combining a provocative reinterpretation Baptist identity with close readings of key theological and political texts, Orthodox Radicals offers the most original and stimulating analysis of mid-seventeenth century Baptists in decades.

Violence Against and Amongst Jews in An Early Modern Town: Tolerance and its Limits in Portsmouth, 1718–1781

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Warner
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Many ◽  
Academic Tradition

In 1811, William Robinson, a purser's steward in the royal navy, deserted, having served six long and brutal years at sea. Years later, he wrote his memoirs, under the colorful title of Jack Nastyface. In it he recorded the many indignities inflicted on the sailors of his day. He did so in terms designed to horrify polite men and women, toward which end he dwelled at considerable length on floggings, keel-haulings, and the like. He was, however, perfectly prepared to tolerate the indignities that sailors inflicted on a group even more marginal than themselves: the Jews who made an uncertain living peddling slops and trinkets outside the royal dockyards. In one passage, Robinson fondly remembered how a sailor had avenged himself on one such peddler, known disparagingly as “Moses.” The sailor, assisted by several of the crew, succeeded in appropriating a new suit of clothes; “Moses,” sputtering with rage, was forced to leave the ship “amidst the grins and jeers of the whole crew, who were much diverted and pleased to think that any of their shipmates had tact enough to retaliate so nicely on a Jew.”The incident, at first blush, bears all the marks of anti-Semitism. It suggests that “Moses” was singled out precisely because he was Jewish; as such, it fits nicely with the claims of a new and very pessimistic generation of scholars. These scholars, in true academic tradition, have expressed a great deal of disappointment over the work of their predecessors.

The Birth of the National Historical Writing in England and France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Palamarchuk ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Terenteva ◽  
Sergey Fyodorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Prevalent Form ◽  
Xviith Century

The monograph is a study of main trends of emergence and evolution of the national historical writing in Western Europe in the XVIIth century. Based on a complex analysis of several phenomena which defined the development of the Early Modern historical writing, it provides a comparative analysis of the regional schools of historical writing (particularly those of the English antiquaries and French érudits) in the process of their respective growth and formation accomplished by the end of XVIIth century with the advent of the national historiography. The conceptual unity of the book is verified within the context of the rise of the national states in England and France, which stipulated a consistent demand for reinforcing the nationally orientated discourses not only in a historical writing but also in legal and political thought. The perception of England as an empire, entrenched in the insular historical and legal consciousness, recurring during the reigns of the Stuarts and extending to the whole British archipelago, determined the establishment of chorography as a prevalent form characteristic of the English historiography. Chorographic structure of the narrative unfolding the space of the territorial “empire” to the reader corresponded to the method of “intellectual appropriation” of the British Isles by the English antiquarians which could be defined as “cultural-historical”. A considerable role was devoted to reactualization of ethnogenetic myths at different levels: while some of them (primarily – the Galfridian myth) were regarded as relevant to the pan-British cultural and historical past, others emphasized autonomous dimensions of the past and present of distinct composites (Scotland, Ireland, Wales) The continental French variant of proto-national historiography also utilized the idea of empire but in a different mode defined by the formula “rex in regno suo imperator est”. The emerging school of érudits modelled principles of its narratives on patrimonial structures rooted in the feudal medieval society (dynasty; royal family; aristocratic lineages; seigneurial rights and vassal obligations; the system of offices created by the monarch stemming from the royal household etc.). The unity of the subjects of the French kingdom was ensured not by the shared territorial commonality but by their loyalty to the king. Therefore, the French variant of “intellectual appropriation” was developed in a socio-political direction in contrast to the territorial.

scholarly journals Trans* and gender variant citizenship and the state in Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Monro ◽  
Janneke Van Der Ros
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Gender Variant ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Gender

The last decade has seen the expansion of trans* identities that are gender queer, non-binary, androgynous, or multiply-sexed and gendered in Western Europe. These developments mark a shift from a uniformly gender-binaried system to one that encompasses some degree of gender pluralism, as reflected to an extent in policy changes in some European countries. However, gender binarism is still prevalent. This article uses the case of Norway to demonstrate a contrast between the citizenship statuses afforded to transsexual men and women, and the lack of citizenship rights that people with non-binary identities, and other gender-variant people who are not diagnosed as transsexual, face. The article addresses the historical role of the Norwegian state in perpetuating gender binaries, in key areas such as identity recognition. It then explores the ways in which Norwegian social policy is changing towards more trans-sensitive positions.

scholarly journals Socio-economic circumstances and food habits in Eastern, Central and Western European populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinéad Boylan ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Relative Index

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between several socio-economic indicators and frequency of consumption of seven predefined healthy foods (consumption of fruit, vegetables, wholegrain bread, vegetable-fat spread, vegetable cooking fat, low-fat milk and low-fat cheese) in populations from Eastern, Central and Western Europe.DesignAnalysis of baseline data collected in two cross-sectional cohort studies between 2000 and 2005: the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study and the Finnish Helsinki Health Study (HHS).SettingUrban populations in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Finland.SubjectsIn the HAPIEE study, random samples of men and women aged 45–69 years were drawn from population registers and electoral lists of selected cities. In the HHS, men and women aged 40–60 years employed by the City of Helsinki were recruited. Data on 21 326 working subjects from both cohorts were analysed.ResultsHealthy food habits were, in general, positively associated with higher education, occupational position and fewer economic difficulties, but there were differences in the strength of the gradient by food and country. Fruit consumption showed the most consistent gradients, especially in relation to socio-economic status among men (country-specific relative index of inequality (RII) = 2·02–5·17) and women (RII = 2·09–3·57).ConclusionsThe associations between socio-economic indicators and healthy food habits showed heterogeneity between countries. Future studies of dietary behaviours should consider multiple measures of socio-economic position.

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