Regionalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Il Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Electoral Behaviour ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter examines regional division, or regionalism, in South Korea, a dominant factor determining the country’s politics. The conceptual definition of regionalism in the context of South Korean politics refers to regional patterns of voting behaviour, with voters deciding their vote based on their birthplace. But regionalism has been also understood from different perspectives focusing on its history, public emotional antagonism, regional party system, etc. This chapter elaborates the origins of regionalism and conceptualizes regionalism according to the level of analysis and the domain of its manifestation. The chapter then promotes the theoretical understanding of regionalism by drawing on prejudice, social identity, and cleavage theory. It argues that the regional cleavage based on birthplace-based regional prejudice and identity that have determined electoral behaviour and party system will not change significantly in the near future. The chapter concludes with a discussion of recent developments in regionalism.

scholarly journals Estonia’s party system today: electoral turbulence and changes in ethno-regional patterns

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Petr V. Oskolkov
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Structure Problem ◽  
Electoral Behaviour

A well-developed party system has emerged in Estonia over the decades of independence. There are, however, distinct geographical patterns of voting. A number of new political parties have appeared in the country; the regional and ethnic patterns of voting (the latter matter much in Estonia) have changed dramatically. This study aims to analyse the recent changes in the Estonian party system as well as the causes of these changes and the effect of the ethnic and geographical factors on the transformation of the electoral behaviour of Estonian citizens. The research employs a systemic approach that makes it possible to solve the agent—structure problem to the benefit of the general structure and integral system of Estonia’s party scene. The method of comparative systemic analysis is used alongside those adopted in electoral geography. It is concluded that the effect of the ethnic and geographical factors on electoral behaviour is diminishing as a civil society based on civic rather than ethnic principles is emerging in the country. The main drivers of the change are the formation of new parties and coalition-building — both have an immediate effect on how the image of the parties is perceived by voters.

scholarly journals Virtual reality: What is the state of play in education?

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Macpherson ◽  
Mike Keppell
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

<p><span>The term 'virtual reality' (VR) is currently used to describe a range of computer-based systems in which a user can explore a hardware and software generated 'microworld' that bears some resemblance to reality. An early application of such systems was the flight simulator used to train pilots. However, it is in the area of hi-tech games that many of the more recent developments in this field have occurred. Typically, a user will wear a helmet containing either a small video screen positioned in front of each eye, or a device that projects images directly onto the user's retinas. She might also wear an elaborately wired glove that provides tactile feedback as she attempts to physically interact with the computer-generated visual environment. It was on devices and systems of this nature that our proposed investigation was to concentrate. Although this has remained the case, we have expanded our work to also include VR that mainly uses screen-based graphics - thus reflecting the expanded definition of VR (more of which later).</span></p><p><span>Our overall aim was to determine the nature and capabilities of VR devices and systems that have already been developed, and of those that are under development; and to investigate the educational and instructional uses to which these devices and systems are already being put and to which they may be put in the near future. In this regard it was not our intention to argue the case for VR in education - indeed, in some cases we would do quite the contrary - but to provide relevant information, and what we hoped would be enlightened discussion, so that educators in different situations could make up their own minds on the issues.</span></p>

Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

Organic Reactivity Control by Means of Neighboring Groups and Organometallics. A Personal Account

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kočovský
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Cyclopropane Ring ◽  
Allylic Substitutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cardioactive Drug ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Electrophilic Additions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the main topics of our research and covers the period of the last 15 years. The prime interest is focused on various ways of controlling the regio- and stereoselectivity of selected organic reactions, in particular electrophilic additions, cleavage of cyclopropane rings, and allylic substitutions by means of neighboring groups and/or transition and non-transition metals. In the first part, the factors governing the course of electrophilic additions are assessed, culminating in the formulation of selection rules for the reactivity of cyclohexene systems, and in a concise synthesis of the natural cardioactive drug, strophanthidin. These studies also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of electrophilic additions. The second part describes recent developments in the stereo- and regiocontrolled cleavage of cyclopropane rings by non-transition metals (Tl and Hg), and the reactivity and transmetalation (with Pd) of the primary products. This methodology has resulted in novel routes to unique polycyclic structures, and will have synthetic applications in the near future. Evidence for the stereospecific "corner" cleavage of the cyclopropane ring has been provided for the first time for Tl and later for Hg. The third part deals with transition metal-catalyzed allylic substitution. Evidence for a new "syn" mechanism for the formation of the intermediate (π-allyl)palladium complex has been provided, which runs counter to the generally accepted "anti" mechanism. A novel method for a Pd-catalyzed allylic oxidation has been developed and employed in the synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes. The increasing importance of transition and non-transition metals for synthetic organic chemistry is demonstrated by their unique reactivity in a number of the papers included in this review.

Milton in China ‘Yet Once More’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Collaborative Context ◽  
Chinese Literary Criticism ◽  
Near Future

This chapter overviews Chinese reception of Milton, with an emphasis on some of the most well-known Chinese translations of Paradise Lost. Close readings of these translations against Milton’s original demonstrate the difficulties of and resolutions for rendering Milton’s verse specific to Chinese. The subsequent discussion of the paratexts accompanying Chinese translations and of ‘introduction to world literature’ series gives a sense of the collaborative context that has shaped and continues to shape today’s general reception of Milton in China. That politically charged reception, eager to view Milton’s Satan as the embodiment of the poet’s revolutionary spirit, also dominates some recent works of Chinese literary criticism. The chapter ends by conceding that, while Milton scholarship in China has been relatively univocal and is still young, recent developments in world literature promise that innovative and intriguing work on Milton can be expected from China in the near future.

scholarly journals The evolving definition of salivary gland stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rocchi ◽  
Lara Barazzuol ◽  
Rob P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Research Field ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractDysfunction of the salivary gland and irreversible hyposalivation are the main side effects of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer leading to a drastic decrease of the quality of life of the patients. Approaches aimed at regenerating damaged salivary glands have been proposed as means to provide long-term restoration of tissue function in the affected patients. In studies to elucidate salivary gland regenerative mechanisms, more and more evidence suggests that salivary gland stem/progenitor cell behavior, like many other adult tissues, does not follow that of the hard-wired professional stem cells of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we provide evidence showing that several cell types within the salivary gland epithelium can serve as stem/progenitor-like cells. While these cell populations seem to function mostly as lineage-restricted progenitors during homeostasis, we indicate that upon damage specific plasticity mechanisms might be activated to take part in regeneration of the tissue. In light of these insights, we provide an overview of how recent developments in the adult stem cell research field are changing our thinking of the definition of salivary gland stem cells and their potential plasticity upon damage. These new perspectives may have important implications on the development of new therapeutic approaches to rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation.

scholarly journals Relativistic aspects of rotational motion of celestial bodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S261) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Klioner ◽  
E. Gerlach ◽  
M. H. Soffel
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Near Future

AbstractRelativistic modelling of rotational motion of extended bodies represents one of the most complicated problems of Applied Relativity. The relativistic reference systems of IAU (2000) give a suitable theoretical framework for such a modelling. Recent developments in the post-Newtonian theory of Earth rotation in the limit of rigidly rotating multipoles are reported below. All components of the theory are summarized and the results are demonstrated. The experience with the relativistic Earth rotation theory can be directly applied to model the rotational motion of other celestial bodies. The high-precision theories of rotation of the Moon, Mars and Mercury can be expected to be of interest in the near future.

scholarly journals Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Dario Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

“Zoosemiotics” was introduced in 1963 by Thomas Albert Sebeok, initially as a compromise between ethological and semiotic research. In the beginning, Sebeok was convinced that “zoosemiotics” had to be used mostly as an umbrella term, uniting different scholarly approaches to animal communication). In the light of its most recent developments, a synthetic definition of zoosemiotics can be today that of the study of semiosis within and across animal species.

scholarly journals From Urban Involution to Proletarian Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (77) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Terry McGee
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Empirical Processes ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Basic Reason ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Broad types and stages in the geography of development are identified. Notwithstanding their interest, these approaches have not adequately explained the processes of development, such as growth of wage labour. In earlier studies of these processes, during the sixties and seventies, the author had foreseen that proletarianization of labour would not occur rapidly in Southeast Asia. This proved to be wrong. The basic reason for this lack of foresight was due to the narrow definition of proletarian transformation for which a broader definition is still needed. A model is proposed to better understand how capitalist expansion penetrates non-proletarian activities. Felt needs and patterns of consumption must also be examined. Desire to obtain consumer needs can actually act as a factor of proletarianization. The question of the dislocation of non-proletarian activities appears crucial both in the agricultural and non-agricultural settings and a search for better theoretical understanding of these empirical processes is essential.

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