A Didactic Illustration of Longitudinal Analysis for Language and Literacy Research Among Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

2020 ◽  
pp. 430-444
Author(s):  
Lee Branum-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Literacy Research

Longitudinal methods are gaining wider use in educational research, but they have yet to see much application in research among students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The present chapter has three aims. First, an overview is given of some of the benefits and important concepts in longitudinal methods that may be informative for teachers and researchers. Second, a two-cohort data set of reading comprehension scores at up to four time points is analyzed in a didactic manner, in order to illustrate concepts and models for literacy growth. Sample computer code (SAS and R) is provided. Third, recommendations for teachers and researchers are provided.

The Interplay Between Pragmatics and Reading Comprehension in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Louise Paatsch ◽  
Dianne Toe
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Literacy Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Children's Literacy

Strong language skills are linked to children’s literacy and social and emotional outcomes, and they are critical for educational success throughout life. However, many children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) experience challenges with developing language and literacy outcomes that are commensurate with their peers with typical hearing. In particular, some children who are DHH have difficulties in understanding and using language in social contexts, specifically in regard to the more subtle and complex pragmatic skills such as contingency, inferencing, topic maintenance, and repair. This chapter suggests that such challenges evident in natural conversations may impact children’s reading comprehension. It further explores the interplay between pragmatic skills, Theory of Mind, and the complex inferential and metacognitive skills required for reading comprehension in children and young people who are DHH. Finally, the chapter addresses the implications of these links and suggests future directions for research.

scholarly journals REFLETINDO SOBRE ALFABETIZAÇÃO, DESIGUALDADE E RAÇA

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Gabriela Medeiros Nogueira ◽  
Mˆonica Maciel Vahl ◽  
Eduardo Arriada
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
American Educational Research Association ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
National Council ◽  
Research Association ◽  
State University ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
International Reading Association ◽  
Literacy Research

A professora Arlette Ingram Willis vem pesquisando e contribuindo com o campo da alfabetização nas últimas três décadas. Ela realizou os cursos de mestrado e doutorado em Ohio State University (OSU) nos Estados Unidos da América (em 1975 e 1990, respectivamente) e atua como professora na University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) desde 1991. Em 2014, por meio do programa Fulbright, foi professora visitante na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), recebida pela professora Drª Eliane Teresinha Peres. Entre suas diversas atuações no âmbito acadêmico, destacamos o trabalho como Presidente da Associação de Pesquisa em Alfabetização (Literacy Research Association) em 2014 e como Presidente da Conferência Nacional de Pesquisa em Linguagem e Alfabetização (National Conference on Research in Language and Literacy) em 2009, ambas nos Estados Unidos. Além disso, é integrante da Associação Americana de Pesquisa Educacional (American Educational Research Association), do Conselho Nacional de Professores de Inglês (National Council of Teachers of English), e da Associação Internacional de Leitura (International Reading Association). O que confere lhe confere um papel atuante e engajado em diferentes associações em pesquisa educacional.

scholarly journals Back in Time for Breakfast: An Analysis of the Changing Breakfast Cereal Aisle

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Emilie Croisier ◽  
Jaimee Hughes ◽  
Stephanie Duncombe ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Over Time

Breakfast cereal improves overall diet quality yet is under constant scrutiny with assertions that the category has not improved over time. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the category of breakfast cereals, the nutritional values, and health claims across eight distinct sub-categories at four time points (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). An audit of products from four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (Aldi, Coles, IGA, and Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information, claims and Health Star Rating (HSR) for biscuits and bites; brans; bubbles, puffs, and flakes; granola and clusters; hot cereal flavoured; hot cereal plain; muesli; breakfast biscuits. The median (IQR) were calculated for energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and sodium for comparisons over time points by nutrient. Data from 2013 was compared with 2020 (by sub-category and then for a sub-section of common products available at each time point). Product numbers between 2013 (n = 283) and 2020 (n = 543) almost doubled, led by granola and clusters. Whole grain cereals ≥ 8 g/serve made up 67% of products (↑114%). While there were positive changes in nutrient composition over time within the full data set, the most notable changes were in the nutrition composition of cereals marketed as the same product in both years (n = 134); with decreases in mean carbohydrate (2%), sugar (10%) and sodium (16%) (p < 0.000), while protein and total fat increased significantly (p = 0.036; p = 0.021). Claims regarding Dietary Fibre and Whole Grain doubled since 2013. Analysis of sub-categories of breakfast cereal assisted in identifying some changes over time, but products common to both timeframes provided a clearer analysis of change within the breakfast category, following introduction of HSR. Whole grain products were lower in the two target nutrients, sodium and sugars, and well-chosen products represent a better choice within this category.

A Finite-Element Solution of Thermal Distortion with Applications to Thrust Bearings

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
James H. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Element Space ◽  
Element Mesh ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Nonlinear Temperature

A finite-element code to account for thermal expansion in a solid was developed for the Independent Research and Independent Exploratory Development project "Tribology of Sliding Surface Bearings." The program is based on a two-dimensional model using a second or higher-order interpolation function in the element space that will allow a diverse temperature field, such as a steep nonlinear temperature gradient, to be prescribed in a solid body. The computer code has a definite advantage over certain finite-element systems that are commercially available. Many accept only a constant, or averaged, temperature input into their element space. With the new capabilities, complex thermal mechanical responses under severe temperature gradients can be readily analyzed. For instance, the hot spot in a ship's landing deck due to the concentrated heat load, such as those generated by high-temperature jet exhaust, can be more realistically represented by the elements of current development. The element mesh size and the input data set are more manageable.

scholarly journals Near-Real-Time Loss Estimates for Future Italian Earthquakes Based on the M6.9 Irpinia Example

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Max Wyss ◽  
Philippe Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Loss Estimate ◽  
Human Losses ◽  
Correct Estimate

The number of fatalities and injured was calculated, using the computer code QLARM and its data set and assuming information about the Irpinia 1980 earthquake became available in near-real-time. The casualties calculated for a point source, an approximate line source and a well-defined line source would have become available about 30 min, 60 min and years after the main shock, respectively. The first estimate would have been satisfactory, indicating the seriousness of the disaster. The subsequent loss estimate after 60 min would have defined the human losses accurately, and the ultimate estimate was most accurate. In 2009, QLARM issued a correct estimate of the number of fatalities within 22 min of the M6.3 L’Aquila main shock. These two results show that the number of casualties and injuries in large and major earthquakes in Italy can be estimated correctly within less than an hour by using QLARM.

A Technology-based Intervention to Increase Reading Comprehension of Morphosyntax Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Joanna E Cannon ◽  
Anita M Hubley ◽  
Julia I O’Loughlin ◽  
Lauren Phelan ◽  
Nancy Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Interactive Program ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a technology-based intervention (LanguageLinks: Syntax Assessment and Intervention®; Laureate Learning Systems, Inc., 2013) to improve reading comprehension for d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) elementary students. The intervention was a self-paced, interactive program designed to scaffold learning of morphosyntax structures. Participants included 37 DHH students with moderate to profound hearing levels, 7–12 years of age, in Grades 2–6. Assessment data were collected pre- and post- an 8-week intervention using a randomized control trial methodology. Findings indicate the intervention did not appear to be effective in improving performance, and 17 out of 36 morphosyntax structures were found difficult to comprehend for participants in the treatment group. These difficult structures included aspects of pronominalization, the verbal system, and number in nouns. Results are compared to previous research, with recommendations for future areas of research related to increasing knowledge of morphosyntax for learners who are DHH.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Immigrant Children’s Literacies and Identities from a Deleuzian Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Multiple Literacies ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Children's Literacy ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Literacy Research

This article examines how Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizome concept can be applied to educational research about immigrant children’s literacies and identities. It explores the intersection of literacy and identity encountered in sociocultural and poststructural (particularly a Deleuzian perspective) paradigms, reviews studies on immigrant children’s literacy and identity from these two perspectives, and discusses challenges posed by each. The rhizome concept advances a new way of research about immigrant children, who are often marginalized by the dominant school culture. This new way of research emphasizes literacy as a process of becoming, highlighting immigrant children’s multilinguality, creativity, and intersections of multiple literacies across school, home and community and across global and local contexts and the fluidity of their identities. The paper finally calls for an awareness of the complications, connections and multiplicities that literacy research confronts concerning immigrant children and puts forward some pedagogical implications.

scholarly journals Assistive Hearing Technology for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Spoken Language Learners

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frush Holt
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Literacy Outcomes

Radical advancements in hearing technology in the last 30 years have offered some deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children the adequate auditory access necessary to acquire spoken language with high-quality early intervention. However, meaningful achievement gaps in reading and spoken language persist despite the engineering marvel of modern hearing aids and cochlear implants. Moreover, there is enormous unexplained variability in spoken language and literacy outcomes. Aspects of signal processing in both hearing aids and cochlear implants are discussed as they relate to spoken language outcomes in preschool and school-age children. In suggesting areas for future research, a case is made for not only expanding the search for mechanisms of influence on outcomes outside of traditional device- and child-related factors, but also for framing the search within Biopsychosocial systems theories. This theoretical approach incorporates systems of risk factors across many levels, as well as the bidirectional and complex ways in which factors influence each other. The combination of sophisticated hearing technology and a fuller understanding of the complex environmental and biological factors that shape development will help maximize spoken language outcomes in DHH children and contribute to laying the groundwork for successful literacy and academic development.

scholarly journals Assessment of Language and Literacy in Children Who Are d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianna Pizzo ◽  
Amanda Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents theoretical orientations and practical applications for the assessment of d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) children. It discusses current approaches to assessment and the factors affecting d/Dhh children’s participation in assessments using those approaches. Gaps in the field around access to appropriate assessments are discussed. This review also shares information on the relationship between the purpose of the assessment and the approach selected. Basic considerations for both d/Deaf and hard of hearing multilingual learners (d/DMLs) and d/Dhh children with additional disabilities will be addressed. Finally, general recommendations are made for research and practice.

scholarly journals Identification of Pre-Diagnostic Metabolic Patterns for Glioma Using Subset Analysis of Matched Repeated Time Points

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349
Author(s):  
Pär Jonsson ◽  
Henrik Antti ◽  
Florentin Späth ◽  
Beatrice Melin ◽  
Benny Björkblom
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Glutathione Biosynthesis ◽  
Subset Analysis ◽  
Biomarker Validation ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling

Here, we present a strategy for early molecular marker pattern detection—Subset analysis of Matched Repeated Time points (SMART)—used in a mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics study of repeated blood samples from future glioma patients and their matched controls. The outcome from SMART is a predictive time span when disease-related changes are detectable, defined by time to diagnosis and time between longitudinal sampling, and visualization of molecular marker patterns related to future disease. For glioma, we detect significant changes in metabolite levels as early as eight years before diagnosis, with longitudinal follow up within seven years. Elevated blood plasma levels of myo-inositol, cysteine, N-acetylglucosamine, creatinine, glycine, proline, erythronic-, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic-, uric-, and aceturic acid were particularly evident in glioma cases. We use data simulation to ensure non-random events and a separate data set for biomarker validation. The latent biomarker, consisting of 15 interlinked and significantly altered metabolites, shows a strong correlation to oxidative metabolism, glutathione biosynthesis and monosaccharide metabolism, linked to known early events in tumor development. This study highlights the benefits of progression pattern analysis and provide a tool for the discovery of early markers of disease.

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