scholarly journals Back in Time for Breakfast: An Analysis of the Changing Breakfast Cereal Aisle

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Emilie Croisier ◽  
Jaimee Hughes ◽  
Stephanie Duncombe ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Over Time

Breakfast cereal improves overall diet quality yet is under constant scrutiny with assertions that the category has not improved over time. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the category of breakfast cereals, the nutritional values, and health claims across eight distinct sub-categories at four time points (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). An audit of products from four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (Aldi, Coles, IGA, and Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information, claims and Health Star Rating (HSR) for biscuits and bites; brans; bubbles, puffs, and flakes; granola and clusters; hot cereal flavoured; hot cereal plain; muesli; breakfast biscuits. The median (IQR) were calculated for energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and sodium for comparisons over time points by nutrient. Data from 2013 was compared with 2020 (by sub-category and then for a sub-section of common products available at each time point). Product numbers between 2013 (n = 283) and 2020 (n = 543) almost doubled, led by granola and clusters. Whole grain cereals ≥ 8 g/serve made up 67% of products (↑114%). While there were positive changes in nutrient composition over time within the full data set, the most notable changes were in the nutrition composition of cereals marketed as the same product in both years (n = 134); with decreases in mean carbohydrate (2%), sugar (10%) and sodium (16%) (p < 0.000), while protein and total fat increased significantly (p = 0.036; p = 0.021). Claims regarding Dietary Fibre and Whole Grain doubled since 2013. Analysis of sub-categories of breakfast cereal assisted in identifying some changes over time, but products common to both timeframes provided a clearer analysis of change within the breakfast category, following introduction of HSR. Whole grain products were lower in the two target nutrients, sodium and sugars, and well-chosen products represent a better choice within this category.

scholarly journals Dietary guidelines and patterns of food and nutrient intake in Sweden

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (S1) ◽  
pp. S113-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Becker
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Food And Nutrient Intake ◽  
Total Fat

The Nordic and Swedish Nutrition Recommendations emphasize the balance between macronutrients in the diet. The amount of saturated and total fat should be limited to c. 10 %energy and 30 %energy, respectively, and the amount of total carbohydrates should be 55–60 %energy. Data from the first Swedish national dietary survey in 1989 show that the average diet is too high in fat, especially saturated fat (36–37 %energy and 16 %energy, respectively) while the content of total carbohydrates and dietary fibre is too low. However, parts of the population consume a diet that meets the recommendation for a particular macronutrient. A comparison of subjects with a low or high intake of total fat and saturated fat, dietary fibre or fruit and vegetables show some common trends with respect to the characteristics of a dietary pattern equal or close to the recommendations, e.g. more frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables and a lower consumption of some fat-rich foods, such as spreads, cheese and sausages.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Nutrition Review of Grain-Based Muesli Bars in Australia: An Audit of Supermarket Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Curtain ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Nutrition Review

Muesli bars are consumed by 16% of children, and 7.5% of adults, and are classified as discretionary in Australian Dietary Guidelines, containing “higher fat and added sugars” compared with core food choices. This study aimed to provide a nutritional overview of grain-based muesli bars, comparing data from 2019 with 2015. An audit of muesli bars, grain-based bars, and oat slices was undertaken in January 2019 (excluding fruit, nut, nutritional supplement, and breakfast bars) from the four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for all nutrients on-pack, including whole grain per serve and per 100g. Health Star Rating (HSR) was calculated if not included on-pack. Of all bars (n = 165), 63% were ≤ 600 kJ (268–1958 kJ), 12% were low in saturated fat, 56% were a source of dietary fibre, and none were low in sugar. Two-thirds (66%) were whole grain (≥8 g/serve), with an average of 10 g/serve, 16% of the 48 g Daily Target Intake. HSR featured on 63% of bars (average 3.2), with an overall HSR of 2.7. Compared to 2015, mean sugars declined (26.6 g to 23.7 g/100 g; p < 0.001), and 31% more bars were whole grain (109 up from 60 bars). Although categorised as discretionary, there were significant nutrient differences across grain-based muesli bars. Clearer classification within policy initiatives, including HSR, may assist consumers in choosing products high in whole grain and fibre at the supermarket shelf.

scholarly journals A content analysis of food advertisements appearing in parenting magazines

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Manganello ◽  
Katherine Clegg Smith ◽  
Katie Sudakow ◽  
Amber C Summers
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing problem in the USA. As parents play a major role in shaping a child's diet, the present study examines food advertisements (ads) directed towards parents in parenting and family magazines.DesignGiven the potential for magazines to influence attitudes and knowledge, we used content analysis to examine the food ads appearing in four issues each of six different parenting and family magazines from 2008 (n 24).SettingUSA.SubjectsFood ads in parenting and family magazines.ResultsWe identified 476 food ads, which represented approximately 32 % of all ads in the magazine sample. Snack foods (13 %) were the most frequently observed food ads, followed by dairy products (7 %). The most frequently used sales theme was ‘taste’ (55 %). Some ads promoted foods as ‘healthy’ (14 %) and some made specific health claims (18 %), such as asserting the product would help lower cholesterol. In addition to taste and health and nutrition appeals, we found several themes used in ad messages to promote products, including the following: ‘convenience’, ‘economical’, ‘fun’ and ‘helping families spend time together’. We also found that over half (n 405, 55·9 %) of products (n 725) advertised were products of poor nutritional quality based on total fat, saturated fat, sodium, protein, sugar and fibre contents, and that ads for such products were slightly more likely to use certain sales themes like ‘fun’ (P = 0·04) and ‘no guilt’ (P = 0·03).ConclusionsInterventions should be developed to help parents understand nutritional information seen in food ads and to learn how various foods contribute to providing a balanced family diet.

Tree growth inference and prediction when the point of measurement changes: modelling around buttresses in tropical forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
James S. Clark ◽  
Deborah A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Barro Colorado Island ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Climate Responses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract:Estimation of tree growth is generally based on repeated diameter measurements. A buttress at the height of measurement will lead to overestimates of tree diameter. Because buttresses grow up the trunk through time, it has become common practice to increase the height of measurement, to ensure that measurements remain above the buttress. However, tapering of the trunk means that increasing measurement height will bias estimates of diameter downward by up to 10% per m of height. This bias could affect inference concerning species differences and climate effects on tree demography and on biomass accumulation. Here we introduce a hierarchical state space method that allows formal integration of data on diameter taken at different heights and can include individual variation, temporal effects or other covariates. We illustrate our approach using species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and La Selva, Costa Rica. Results include trends that are consistent with some of those previously reported for climate responses and changes over time, but differ in relative magnitude. By including the full data-set and accounting for bias and variation among individuals and over time, our approach allows for quantification of climate responses and the uncertainty associated with measurements and the underlying growth process.

scholarly journals The consequences of unemployment on diet composition and purchase behaviour: a longitudinal study from Denmark

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 580-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinne Smed ◽  
Inge Tetens ◽  
Thomas Bøker Lund ◽  
Lotte Holm ◽  
Annemette Ljungdalh Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Purchase ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveTo explore and describe quantitatively the effect over time of unemployment on food purchase behaviour and diet composition.DesignLongitudinal data from 2008–2012, with monthly food purchase data aligned with register data on unemployment measured as a dichotomous indicator as well as a trend accounting for the duration.SettingA household panel which registers daily food purchases combined with detailed nutritional information and registration of the duration of unemployment at individual level. The structure of the data set facilitates the detection of effects or associations between duration of unemployment and diet composition, purchase behaviour in terms of food expenditure, and share of food purchased on offer and in discounters while controlling for important confounding factors.SubjectsDanish households of working age (n3440) adjusted to household equivalents. We use fixed-effects econometric methods to control for unobserved heterogeneity.ResultsIn the short run, unemployment led to substitution in favour of discount stores and increases in food expenditure and in consumption of saturated fat, total fat and protein due to increased consumption of animal-based foods. In the medium run food expenditure declined together with consumption of fresh animal-based foods and saturated fat, total fat and protein. In the even longer run these nutrients were substituted by carbohydrates and added sugar.ConclusionsUnemployment has a substantial influence on diet composition, but effects vary with duration of the unemployment period, which may have potential health implications. This ought to be taken into consideration in evaluations of existing reforms and in future reforms of welfare systems.

scholarly journals Breakfast in Denmark. Prevalence of Consumption, Intake of Foods, Nutrients and Dietary Quality. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisse Fagt ◽  
Jeppe Matthiessen ◽  
Camilla Thyregod ◽  
Karsten Kørup ◽  
Anja Biltoft-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Total Fat

Breakfast is considered by many to be the most important meal of the day. This study examined the intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast among Danes and the relation to the overall dietary quality. Data were derived from the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity 2011–2013, a cross-sectional national food consumption study. A total of 3680 participants aged 6–75 years were included in the analyses of breakfast consumption. The Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 method was used to examine the overall dietary quality of the diet. The intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast were compared across dietary quality score tertiles by ANCOVA adjusted for energy and socio economic status. Breakfast was eaten frequently by children and adults and contributed with 18–20% of total energy intake. Breakfast was relatively high in dietary fibre, B vitamins, calcium and magnesium and low in added sugar, total fat, sodium, vitamin A and D. A decrease in the intake of added sugar, total fat and saturated fat and an increase in the intake of dietary fibre and most micronutrients were seen across tertiles of dietary quality scores. Commonly consumed foods provided at breakfast in Denmark included bread, breakfast cereals and dairy products as well as water, coffee and juice, while intakes of fruits, vegetables, cakes and soft drinks were low.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake over time in a multi-ethnic sample of youth

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Lytle ◽  
John H Himes ◽  
Henry Feldman ◽  
Michelle Zive ◽  
Johanna Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
African American Students ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
American Students ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this paper is to present longitudinal data on nutrient intakes of youth with emphases on differences by sex and race/ethnicity. Nutrients selected for examination are those implicated in chronic disease.Design:24-hour dietary recalls were collected from a cohort of third, fifth and eighth graders (n=1874).Setting and subjects:The sample is drawn from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health and includes students from California, Louisiana, Minnesota and Texas.Results:Across the total sample, nutrient intakes met recommended levels except that total fat, saturated fat and sodium consistently exceeded recommendations and calcium and iron intake of girls consistently fell short of recommended levels. Nutrient consumption between third and eighth grade differed by sex and race/ethnicity for a number of nutrients. In particular, females' intake of energy from total fat, calcium, iron, folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin D decreased over time relative to males' intakes, controlling for overall energy intake. Compared with the other ethnic/racial groups, African-American students increased their intake of energy from total fat and saturated fat over time.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the diets of youth change over time, and negative trends are more common in females than in males and in African-American and Hispanics compared with Caucasian students. Nutrition education and intervention are needed throughout childhood and adolescence with an emphasis on choosing healthful foods. In addition, greater attention to differential opportunities and reinforcements for females and males, and Caucasian, Hispanic and African-American students is warranted.

scholarly journals Trends in dietary fat and high-fat food intakes from 1991 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study participants

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Vadiveloo ◽  
Marc Scott ◽  
Paula Quatromoni ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
Niyati Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Dietary Data ◽  
Over Time

Few longitudinal studies carried out in US adults have evaluated long-term dietary fat intakes and compared them with the national recommendations during the two-decade period when the prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance increased substantively. In the present study, we examined trends in the intakes of dietary fats and rich dietary sources of fats in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort over a 17-year period. The cohort was established in 1971–75 with follow-up examinations being conducted approximately every 4 years. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ beginning in 1991 (exam 5). We included 2732 adults aged ≥ 25 years with complete dietary data in at least three examinations from 1991 to 2008. Descriptive statistics were generated using SAS version 9.3, and a repeated-measures model was used to examine trends in macronutrient and food intakes using R. Over the 17 years of follow-up, the percentage of energy derived from total fat and protein increased (27·3–29·8 % of energy and 16·8–18·0 % of energy, respectively) and that derived from carbohydrate decreased (51·0–46·8 % of energy; P-trend < 0·001). Increases in the percentage of energy derived from all fat subtypes were observed, except for that derived from trans-fats, which decreased over time (P-trend < 0·001). Trends were similar between the sexes, although women exhibited a greater increase in the percentage of energy derived from saturated fat and less reduction in the percentage of energy derived from trans-fats (P interaction < 0·05). Trends in fat intake were similar across the BMI categories. The number of weekly servings of cheese, eggs, ice cream desserts, nuts, butter and sausages/processed meats increased, whereas the intake of milk, margarine, poultry, confectioneries, chips and breads decreased (P-trend < 0·001). In this cohort of predominantly Caucasian older adults, the percentage of energy derived from dietary fats increased over time, but it remained within the national recommendations of less than 35 % of total energy, on average.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Cereals Sold on the Italian Market: The Food Labelling of Italian Products (FLIP) Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Angelino ◽  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Margherita Dall’Asta ◽  
Nicoletta Pellegrini ◽  
Daniela Martini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Italian Market ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Cereal Bars ◽  
Different Characteristics

Breakfast cereals are present on the market as different types and, in general, are one of the food categories in which voluntary information, such as nutrition or health claims (NHC) or gluten free (GF) declarations, have the largest distribution. The aims of the present study were to compare (i) the nutritional declaration among different types of breakfast cereals, as well as among products with and without NHC or GF declarations; and (ii) the salt and sugar contents with the “Italian shared objectives for the improvement of the nutritional characteristics of food”. To this aim, the nutrition declarations of 371 different breakfast cereal items, available in 13 retailers present on the Italian market, were analysed. Data showed an elevated inter-product variability, with cereal bars and muesli having the highest energy, total fat, and saturate contents per 100 g. Limited differences were found comparing products with and without NHC, as well as those with GF declaration. Most of the breakfast cereals were compliant to the shared objectives, although some items with NHC or GF declaration still have sugar or salt contents higher than these objectives. In conclusion, these data suggest that the different characteristics and the regulated information reported on the food label should not be considered as a marker of the overall nutritional quality. Thus, this study supports the importance of reading and understanding the information made on food label.

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