Online Deliberation

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-377
Author(s):  
Kim Strandberg ◽  
Kimmo Grönlund
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Online Deliberation ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Actual Policy ◽  
Communicative Processes

This chapter provides an overview of the empirical research on online deliberation, focusing on three aspects: the preconditions of online deliberations, the communicative processes of online deliberations as well as the central outcomes of online deliberations. Regarding preconditions, we provide an overview of sampling choices and use of incentives in recruitment. We also demonstrate the ways in which scholars have designed online deliberations. We gauge elements such as whether online deliberations are asynchronous or synchronous, allow for anonymous participants or not, employ facilitators or not, and how information materials are used. Regarding the communicative processes, we pinpoint a gap in the research since there are still rather few studies actually measuring discursive quality in online deliberation. Concerning outcomes of online deliberations, the chapter focuses mainly on how taking part in online deliberation affects participants. We also provide a brief overview of how online deliberations have been tied to actual policy-making.

Deliberation and Policy-Making: Three Ways to Think About Minipublics’ Consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 009539972096451
Author(s):  
Vincent Jacquet ◽  
Ramon van der Does
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Making Process

Policy-makers are increasingly experimenting with various ways to involve citizens in policy-making. Deliberative forums composed of lay citizens (minipublics) count among the most popular of such innovations. Despite their popularity, it is often unclear in what ways such minipublics could affect policy-making. This article addresses this issue of conceptual ambiguity by drawing on an original systematic review of the literature. It shows that the literature has approached these consequences in three ways: congruence with decisions, consideration in the policy-making process, and structural change. The article discusses the implications for empirical research and points out trajectories for future research on deliberative minipublics.

Developing Public Policy Theory: Perspectives from Empirical Research

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1532-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Greenberg ◽  
Jeffrey A. Miller ◽  
Lawrence B. Mohr ◽  
Bruce C. Vladeck
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Policy Theory

There has been considerable interest in the development of theories of public policy formation, but theoretical efforts to date have not demonstrated adequate recognition of the distinctive qualities of the dependent variable as a focus of research. Facets of public policy are far more difficult to study systematically than most other phenomena investigated empirically by political scientists. Our attempt to test hypotheses with some rigor demonstrated that public policy becomes troublesome as a research focus because of inherent complexity–specifically because of the temporal nature of the process, the multiplicity of participants and of policy provisions, and the contingent nature of theoretical effects. We use examples of policy making taken from the case study literature to show concretely how such complexity makes it essentially impossible to test apparently significant hypotheses as they are presented by Lowi, Dahl, Banfield, and others. Our effort here is to enhance theoretical development by carefully specifying and clarifying the major shortcomings and pointing out the apparent directions of remedy.

Explaining legal inconsistency

2021 ◽  
pp. 095162982110611
Author(s):  
JBrandon Duck-Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Preference Aggregation ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Do So

Judges, scholars, and commentators decry inconsistent areas of judicially created policy. This could hurt courts’ policy making efficacy, so why do judges allow it to happen? I show judicially-created policy can become inconsistent when judges explain rules in more abstract terms than they decide cases. To do so, I expand standard case-space models of judicial decision making to account for relationships between specific facts and broader doctrinal dimensions. This model of judicial decision making as a process of multi-step reasoning reveals that preference aggregation in such a context can lead to inconsistent collegial rules. I also outline a class of preference configurations on collegial courts (i.e., multi-member courts) in which this problem cannot arise. These results have implications for several areas of inquiry in judicial politics such as models of principal-agent relationships in judicial hierarchies and empirical research utilizing case facts as predictor variables.

A Survey into the Upgrade of China’s Athletic Equipment Sector from the Perspective of Global Value Chain Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4709-4712
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Yi Xiao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Chain Theory ◽  
Athletic Equipment

Based on the theory of Global Value Chain (GVC), this paper studies the sustainable development of athletic equipment industrial cluster from the perspective of GVC. This paper first reviews the relevant theories of GVC, and then investigates into the upgrade mode of China’s athletic equipment industrial cluster in the theoretical framework of GVC. Through theoretical analysis and empirical research, the paper puts forward the upgrade idea of China’s athletic equipment industrial cluster, and provides the basis for its development and policy-making.

Is Germany Different? A Comment on Hexham and Poewe's Interpretation of German Anticult Policy

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Hubert Seiwert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Minority Religions ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Actual Policy

The article comments on Irving Hexham and Karla Poewe's analysis of German anticult policy. It argues that the concept of verfassungsfeindlich (hostile to the constitution), which according to Hexham and Poewe is central in German anticult rhetoric, is used only against Scientology, and it does not play any significant role in other cases. The anticult climate in German public and government reactions to minority religions does not appear to be more intense than in many other European countries. It is not convincing, therefore, to explain them with specific German historical experiences. However, religion does hold a lower position on the scale of constitutional rights than in the United States. Freedom of religion may not impinge upon other constitutional rights. Government involvement in anticult activities does not seem to be due to shortcomings of the political or legal system. Rather it reflects deficiencies in actual policy-making and in particular lack of reliable information about new religious movements.

Mapping Institutional Linkages in European Air Pollution Politics

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Selin ◽  
Stacy D. VanDeveer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Institutional Linkages ◽  
International Environmental Cooperation

The growing literature about linkages between international institutions remains littered with proposed taxonomies. Most of these taxonomies are conceptual, rather than empirically driven, remaining too vague to offer guidance for empirical research regarding linkages as possible avenues of influence across international institutions. This article argues that institutional linkages are potential causal pathways by which policy making and implementation are influenced. It supplements concepts of structural governance linkages, which are common in the existing literature, with attention to agent-oriented actor linkages. The article offers a typology of governance and actor linkages that can be operationalized in empirical research. It discusses governance and actor linkages between policy making within the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and the European Union. The paper argues that research on international environmental cooperation would benefit from greater empirical attention to linkages in a context of a multitude of connected governance and actor linkages.

scholarly journals Research–Policy Dialogues on Migrant Integration in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Han Entzinger ◽  
Peter Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter analyses the relationship between research and policy-making on integration. Drawing on a large, cross-country, empirical research project conducted during 2011–2014 (the DIAMINT project), the chapter considers how research and policy-making in the field of migrant integration have developed over time, and how their relationship functions under the present conditions of strong politicization of the issue in Europe. The authors propose a theoretical framework that distinguishes between three aspects of research–policy dialogues in the domain of immigrant integration: dialogue structures—including the formal and informal arrangements created for the exchange and communication of knowledge and research; knowledge utilization—the cultures and practices of knowledge utilization in policy processes; and taking the perspective of researchers, knowledge production. The chapter considers—first theoretically and then empirically—how the increasing politicization of the issue of integration in Europe can affect the various dimensions of research–policy dialogues in different countries.

ICT policies in Latin America: Long-term inequalities and the role of globalized policy-making

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Villanueva-Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Policy Trend ◽  
Actual Policy

ICT policies have been presented as one of the keys for inclusion in the global economy. For instance, in countries like Peru, the need for increased connectivity appears crucial, as integration to the global economy through free trade agreements with developed economies becomes an essential part of economic policy. However, it can be argued that the actual impact of such policies is marginal, and that the actual policy-making process is not helping, as much as competition, at the local telecommunications markets. At the same time, other elements composing an ICT strategy, including cultural and social aspects, are weakly presented. After discussing the facts, an exploration of the limitations of state policy is drawn from the combined conceptual frameworks of Rodrik’s notion of the Trilemma of Global Economy and Held’s Vicious Gridlock. Also, the analysis of policy-making in Latin America and Peru by local scholars is explored to propose that digital inequalities are only addressable by market forces under the current policy arrangement available to governments like Peru’s. Finally, the article argues that it is needed to both abandon “information society” as a policy trend and instead, confront the decreasing political capacities of emerging states to thus, influence the outcomes of telecommunications/media development investments in their regions and countries.

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