Governance and Administration in Global Health Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 546-564
Author(s):  
Carmen Huckel Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Organizational Sociology ◽  
Global Health Policy ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Multiple Levels

The so-called golden era of global health, spanning approximately 1998–2008 was marked not only by an increase in funding and political attention, but arguably by a radical change in the processes of global health policy making. The establishment and consolidation of new global health organizations during this era has been analysed primarily from the perspective of International Relations and questions surrounding legitimate governance beyond the state. Far less attention has been paid to the internal structures and cultures of these new organizations. This includes how they create and reflect new standards of transnational administration, management, and oversight, such as integration of state and non-state actors, formalized input from technical and financial committees, and organizational structures that separate multiple levels of oversight and accountability. This chapter argues for greater attention to be paid to these structural features of global health organizations from a multi-disciplinary perspective incorporating public administration, corporate governance, and organizational sociology.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Vaccine Nationalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keltie Hamilton ◽  
Devanshi Shah ◽  
Danica Fitzsimmons
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Global Health Policy ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Global Health Equity

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health for almost two years, resulting in nearly 200 million cases and over 4 million deaths worldwide. Despite a range of non-invasive public health measures, (i.e. physical distancing, and masks) vaccines have been one of the more critical and effective interventions to slow the pandemic. Produced at record-breaking speeds, the highly efficacious mRNA vaccines represented hope for many. Including global health organizations who have called for strategies to maximize vaccine equity since their conception. While many high-income countries (HICs) agreed to prioritize global vaccine equity; in truth, individual health outweighed community health. The reality of HICs vaccine purchasing behaviors and distribution have exposed a different agenda - one that aligns with a neoliberal emphasis on individuals and profits at the expense of global good. This commentary questions the efficacy of global health agreements and the commitment from wealthy countries to address global health inequities through a one health framework. Ultimately, concluding that the path to global vaccine equity will require a commitment to global good. Vaccine nationalism and lack of equitable global health policy continues to fuel a never-ending health crisis. HICs must be held accountable for the lack of commitment to global health equity.

To Show, But Not to Disclose. The Willingness of Polish Political Parties to Disclose Information On their Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Ewa Skrabacz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Information Bulletin ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

AbstractConstituting the key element of a democratic system, political parties are among entities obliged by the Polish legislator to comply with the principle of disclosure by providing public information. The main objective of this paper is to determine the level of Polish political parties’ disclosure, understood here as their willingness to disclose information on their own structures. It seems that the practice of disclosing such basic organizational data may constitute a specific measure of Polish political parties’ respect for the idea of disclosure. The subject matter of the conducted research was particular parties’ sites in the Public Information Bulletin as well as their official websites. An attempt was made to acquire data concerning party structures by way of direct contact with particular parties’ organizational units – questionnaires were sent to both central and regional/district organizational units. In order to acquire a wider perspective, the research also included data provided by the Central Statistical Office concerning political parties’ organizational structures and election manifestos. The conducted analysis was summarized in the form of a ranking of the examined political parties based on a proposed political party disclosure index. This attempt to measure disclosure on the basis of data on internal structures provided by parties themselves is of a preliminary character which, nevertheless, makes it possible to capture the general properties of the phenomenon under analysis. Among the examined parties, it is PSL, SLD, and PO that, to an acceptable degree, follow the principle of disclosure in the analysed scope (indexes at the level of 60%-80% of the maximum value). Four other parties, i.e. N, Wolność, Razem, and Kukiz’15, are on the edge of the zone making it possible to regard their disclosure as sufficient (indexes at the level of around 50% of the maximum value). In the case of PiS, whose index does not reach 20% of the maximum value, it should be concluded that this party implements the principle of disclosure at a minimum level. The ranking did not show relationships between parties’ willingness towards providing information and their sizes or positions on the political scene (parliamentary parties vs. extra-parliamentary parties).

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

Divergent Perspectives in Global Health Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Prah Ruger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Actor Model ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
Global Health Policy ◽  
Self Interest

The global health governance (GHG) literature frames health variously as a matter of security and foreign policy, human rights, or global public good. Divergence among these perspectives has forestalled the development of a consensus vision for global health. Global health policy will differ according to the frame applied. Fundamentally, GHG today operates on a rational actor model, encompassing a continuum from the purely self-interest-maximizing position at one extreme to a more nuanced approach that takes others’ interests into account when making one’s own calculations. Even where humanitarian concerns are clearly and admirably at play, however, the problem of motivations remains. Often narrow self-interest is also at work, and actors obfuscate this behind altruistic motives.

Operationalizing the Ethical Review of Global Health Policy and Systems Research: A Proposed Checklist

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-122
Author(s):  
Abbas Rattani ◽  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Global Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy And Systems

AbstractThere has been growing consensus to develop relevant guidance to improve the ethical review of global health policy and systems research (HPSR) and address the current absence of formal ethics guidance.

Feminist Global Health Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Health Policy ◽  
Stratified Reproduction ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Disease Focus ◽  
Term Response

Feminist Global Health Security highlights the ways in which women are disadvantaged by global health security policy, through engagement with feminist concepts of visibility; social and stratified reproduction; intersectionality; and structural violence. The book argues that an approach focused on short-term response efforts to health emergencies fails to consider the differential impacts of outbreaks on women. This feminist critique focuses on the policy response to the Zika outbreak, which centred on limiting the spread of the vector through civic participation and asking women to defer pregnancy, actions that are inherently gendered and reveal a distinct lack of consideration of the everyday lives of women. The book argues that because global health security lacks a substantive feminist engagement, policies created to manage an outbreak of disease focus on protecting economies and state security and disproportionately fail to protect women. This state-based structure of global health security provides the fault-line for global health security and women. Women are both differentially infected and affected by epidemics and, the book argues: it was no coincidence that poor, black women living in low quality housing were most affected by the Zika outbreak. More broadly, it poses the question: What would global health policy look like if it were to take gender seriously, and how would this impact global disease control sustainability?

Getting human rights right in global health policy

The Lancet ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 385 (9978) ◽  
pp. e42-e44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tasioulas ◽  
Effy Vayena
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Health Policy
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