Experiments in IPE Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Spilker
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Outcomes Framework

Over the last decade, experiments have developed from a marginally employed to an increasingly standard method in the study of International Political Economy (IPE). After a short discussion of causal inference and the potential outcomes framework, this chapter outlines different kinds of experiments used to study questions concerning trade, migration, foreign aid, or investment. The chapter thereby not only strives to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in experimental IPE research but also to outline the different roles or functions experimental studies can fulfill to further our knowledge on IPE. The chapter concludes by critically discussing both advantages and disadvantages of the experimental turn in IPE.

Causal mediation in developmental science: A primer

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542098164
Author(s):  
Jorge Cuartas ◽  
Dana Charles McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Causal Mediation ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Potential Outcomes Framework

Mediation has played a critical role in developmental theory and research. Yet, developmentalists rarely discuss the methodological challenges of establishing causality in mediation analysis or potential strategies to improve the identification of causal mediation effects. In this article, we discuss the potential outcomes framework from statistics as a means for highlighting several fundamental challenges of establishing causality in mediation analysis, including the difficulty of meeting the key assumption of sequential ignorability, even in experimental studies. We argue that this framework—which, although commonplace in other fields, has not yet been taken up in developmental science—can inform solutions to these challenges. Based on the framework, we offer a series of recommendations for improving causal inference in mediation analysis, including an overview of best practices in both study design and analysis, as well as resources for conducting analysis. In doing so, our overall objective in this article is to support the use of rigorous methods for understanding questions of mechanism in developmental science.

Non-Governmental Organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bloodgood
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Ngos

Research on non-governmental organizations (NGOs, often international NGOs, or INGOs) has advanced over the last several decades from demonstrating that NGOs matter in shaping economic development and foreign aid to examining the potential for NGOs to advocate for new rights, set standards for environmental protections, and establish alternative economic arrangements in international relations. The study of NGOs as organizations has opened their potential as interest groups as well as economic actors in their own rights. Moving forward, new data and new theory is needed to fully develop International Political Economy (IPE) understandings of NGO motives, intentions, strategies, and power in global governance.

Torpedo Propulsion Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
R. K. Gottfredson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Generic Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Open Cycle

The paper begins with a short discussion of torpedo propulsion criteria followed by definitions of the three generic torpedo types and a brief description of each. A major portion of the paper is devoted to descriptions of lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes since the greatest advances in technology will be required for this generic type. Two basic torpedo propulsion systems are discussed; electric and open cycle thermal. Advantages and disadvantages of both types are pointed out followed by examples representative of state-of-the-art systems. In depth presentations of various energy sources, prime movers, and speed reducers are given and several new potential propulsion subsystems are described.

International Political Economy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
International Trade Theory

This article provides an overview of international political economy (IPE) and an outline of the early origins of the field. It discusses one of the first comprehensive statements regarding the Open Economy Politics (OEP) approach, which adopts the assumptions of neoclassical economics and international trade theory. The article ends with a short discussion of possible areas for future research.

Platelet monitoring for PCI

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Capodanno ◽  
D. J. Angiolillo
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

SummaryDespite the clinical benefit associated with the combined use of aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a considerable interindividual variability in response to these drugs have been consistently reported. There is a growing interest on applying platelet functional tests with the goal of identifying patients at increased risk of recurrent ischaemic events and potentially tailoring antiplatelet treatment regimens.This manuscript will review the state of the art on the most commonly available platelet functional tests, describing their advantages and disadvantages and exploring their applicability in clinical practice.

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