Inverse number in dagaare

2021 ◽  
pp. 444-462
Author(s):  
Scott Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Number System ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
System P ◽  
Functional Grounding

This chapter examines the inverse number system in Dagaare (Gur; Niger–Congo). Inverse number systems possess a number morpheme which for some nouns encodes the plural interpretation while for others it encodes the singular interpretation. This chapter argues that a principled lexical semantic classification underlies the inverse number strategy in Dagaare, guiding whether for a particular noun the inverse morpheme codes the singular or the plural interpretation. The chapter further explores the functional grounding of inverse number, in terms of frequency and individuation, and presents a formal semantic account of the inverse number system.

Certain Ancient Number Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Number System ◽  
Multiplication Tables ◽  
Additive System ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Alphabet

This chapter discusses ancient number systems, beginning with the Babylonian system. Almost every history of early Western mathematics begins with the Babylonian conception of number, a so-called sexagesimal (base 60) system for writing large numbers, formulations of multiplication tables, and ideas for astronomy. The current number system needs symbols for just ten numbers in order to represent any number we wish, compared to that of the Babylonians which needed just two symbols. The chapter also considers the early Egyptian number writing, which was an additive system, as well as the Greek alphabet and sequential number system, Roman numerals, Aztec numerals, and the Mayan system.

scholarly journals Lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of the feminine gender in the Uzbek language

Academia Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnamova Shakhnoza Kakhramonovna ◽  
B. Mengliyev
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Feminine

The two sexes - men and women - are not only biologically diverse, but also have their differences in language use. This article presents a lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of female sexuality in Uzbek, and analyzes each of the euphemic agents in each group.

Differences in Sameness: A Semantic Account of Ambiguity and Argument Structure of Predicate Same

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Syelle Graves
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
Null Argument

Abstract This article is an investigation and analysis of the word same. It focuses first on the ambiguous nature of same, in that the same x can be (i) one entity seen on different occasions, or (ii) two different entities of the same kind. I discuss the empirical differences associated with these two readings, and hypothesize that they can be explained in terms of the formal semantic concepts of extension and intension: Reading (i) is extensional while reading (ii) is intensional (a “kind of” reading). In addition, I suggest that the two readings do not mean that there are two completely different meanings to same, but rather that the reading of same is determined by context and the nouns being modified by it; indeed, this polysemy exists largely below the speaker’s conscious awareness. I then provide a formal representation of the syntax and semantics of same as a two-place predicate. I show that when either of the two arguments we expect to be obligatory is not overt, it is because same has undergone a derivation to license this null argument—one derivation type in extensional cases of same, and a different derivation in intensional cases.

WordNet-based lexical semantic classification for text corpus analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Long ◽  
Lu-da Wang ◽  
Zu-de Li ◽  
Zu-ping Zhang ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Text Corpus ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic

A Historical Reconstruction of Our Number System

1991 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Kim Krusen
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Number System ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Ancient Civilizations

Imagine your class as a “primitive society” just on the brink of civilization. Your society has been using tally sticks to represent numerical quantities. But now that your society is becoming more involved in commerce with other societies, you need an easier way to represent large numbers and some structure so that numbers can be manipulated. You need an organized number system. Creating a number system from scratch was the recent task of my sixth-grade class. My objective was to offer a more humanistic approach for my students further to understand and appreciate the structure of our number system. As the teacher. I was armed with a general knowledge of the number systems of the great ancient civilizations, and my students were armed with an enthusiasm to be cave dwellers for the day instead of mathematics students. With these resources, we began our project.

Counting in Tongan: The Traditional Number Systems and Their Cognitive Implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender ◽  
Sieghard Beller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
General System ◽  
Number System ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Specific Number

AbstractIs the application of more than one number system in a particular culture necessarily an indication of not having abstracted a general concept of number? Does this mean that specific number systems for certain objects are cognitively deficient? The opposite is the case with the traditional number systems in Tongan, where a consistent decimal system is supplemented by diverging systems for certain objects, in which 20 seems to play a special role. Based on an analysis of their linguistic, historical and cultural context, we will show that the supplementary systems did not precede the general system, but were rather derived from it. Especially when notation is lacking, having such supplementary systems can even yield cognitive advantages. In using larger counting units, they both abbreviate counting and expand the limits of the general system, thus facilitating the cognitive task of mental arithmetic.

scholarly journals Evidentials and (relayed) speech acts: hearsay as quotation

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Natasha Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Empirical Tests

This paper is devoted to what I will call quotative uses of hearsay evidentials, wherein they report a speech act made by a third party.  Occasionally mentioned in the typological literature, quotative uses were first given a formal semantic account by Faller 2002 and have received little attention since. The goal of this paper is to put the spotlight on them. An ongoing debate in the literature is on the semantic status of evidentials and the place of evidentiality among other categories (see Matthewson 2012 and references therein). For  Faller (2002, 2007), quotative uses are among the empirical tests that diagnose illocutionary evidentials, ones that deal with the structure of speech acts. In this paper, I re-implement Faller's original proposal within Krifka's (2014) framework that provides an explicit syntax-pragmatics interface. I then show that quotative readings may be the only argument, out of the currently provided in the literature, in favor of the existence of illocutionary evidentials. However, the status of such readings requires further research. I conclude by discussing quotative uses within a broader context of reported speech strategies.

scholarly journals High-Performance RNS Modular Exponentiation by Sum-Residue Reduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Computer Arithmetic ◽  
Number System ◽  
Residue Number System ◽  
Modular Exponentiation ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Diffie Hellman ◽  
Residue Number ◽  
Diffie Hellman Key Exchange ◽  
Rsa Cryptography

Abstract Modular exponentiation is fundamental in computer arithmetic and is widely applied in cryptography such as ElGamal cryptography, Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, and RSA cryptography. Implementation of modular exponentiation in residue number system leads to high parallelism in computation, and has been applied in many hardware architectures. While most RNS based architectures utilizes RNS Montgomery algorithm with two residue number systems, the recent modular multiplication algorithm with sum-residues performs modular reduction in only one residue number system with about the same parallelism. In this work, it is shown that high-performance modular exponentiation and RSA cryptography can be implemented in RNS. Both the algorithm and architecture are improved to achieve high performance with extra area overheads, where a 1024-bit modular exponentiation can be completed in 0.567 ms in Xilinx XC6VLX195t-3 platform, costing 26,489 slices, 87,357 LUTs, 363 dedicated multipilers of $18\times 18$ bits, and 65 Block RAMs.

scholarly journals MULTI-LEVEL VERBAL MARKERS OF SUGGESTION IN PROSECUTION ATTORNEYS’ OPENING STATEMENTS (IN THE SCOPE OF MODERN AMERICAN LEGAL THRILLERS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Iryna Harbar
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Psychological Influence ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Opening Statements

The article sets out to justify the author’s opinion on the fact that the main peculiarity of the prosecution attorneys’ opening statements is their power of suggestion, i.e. exerting emotional and psychological influence on the jury with the purpose of changing their emotions, feelings and train of thoughts in favour of the attorney and their client. A lexical-semantic classification of multi-level verbal markers of suggestion has been worked out in the article under consideration to show which language units prosecution attorneys give preference to in order to exert the influence of suggestion on the jury. The classification in question shows that the notion of suggestion exists on all speech levels: phonetic, morphological, lexical-semantic and syntactic, with lexical-semantic being the most abundant in prosecution attorneys’ opening statements. Verbal markers of suggestion on lexical-semantic level were divided into those of direct and indirect nomination. Verbal markers of suggestion on phonetic, morphological and syntactic levels perform only supplementary function in exerting the influence of suggestion on the jury members. The article concludes that the prosecution attorneys purposely use a great amount of multi-level verbal markers of suggestion at the same time to have the massive impact on the jury’s thoughts, emotions, feelings, attitudes. The classification under consideration has been worked out in the scope of modern American legal thrillers, written by professional attorneys who depict the slightest details of real American legal proceedings.

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