scholarly journals Regional and Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Didier Ruedin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The Relationship

While members of regional and ethnic minorities can reach the highest echelons of power, in most contexts they remain politically marginalized and under-represented in formal politics. The heterogeneity of regional and ethnic minority groups creates a challenge for the study of representation if one wants to avoid the traps of essentialism and unrealistic assumptions. The inclusion of regional and ethnic minorities in legislatures and government can increase trust, alleviate conflict, and provide substantive representation. Much evidence shows that, on average, representatives of regional and ethnic minorities work in the name of their respective groups, especially in ‘low-cost’ activities like asking parliamentary questions. Such substantive representation should be the guiding principle, but the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation seems moderated by the context in which legislators operate.

Gene-environment Interaction on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Ethnic Minority Populations Living in Europe and North America: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Zafarmand ◽  
Parvin Tajik ◽  
René Spijker ◽  
Charles Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

Background: The body of evidence on gene-environment interaction (GEI) related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) has grown in the recent years. However, most studies on GEI have sought to explain variation within individuals of European ancestry and results among ethnic minority groups are inconclusive. Objective: To investigate any interaction between a gene and an environmental factor in relation to T2D among ethnic minority groups living in Europe and North America. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and EMBASE databases for the published literature in English up to 25th March 2019. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by reviewers independently. Results: 1068 studies identified through our search, of which nine cohorts of six studies evaluating several different GEIs were included. The mean follow-up time in the included studies ranged from 5 to 25.7 years. Most studies were relatively small scale and few provided replication data. All studies included in the review included ethnic minorities from North America (Native-Americans, African- Americans, and Aboriginal Canadian), none of the studies in Europe assessed GEI in relation to T2D incident in ethnic minorities. The only significant GEI among ethnic minorities was HNF1A rs137853240 and smoking on T2D incident among Native-Canadians (Pinteraction = 0.006). Conclusion: There is a need for more studies on GEI among ethnicities, broadening the spectrum of ethnic minority groups being investigated, performing more discovery using genome-wide approaches, larger sample sizes for these studies by collaborating efforts such as the InterConnect approach, and developing a more standardized method of reporting GEI studies are discussed.

Ethnic Affairs Policy

1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All

AbstractDanish practice regarding ethnic minorities is rather inconsistent and unco-ordinated. Danish practice at its best attempts to enhance the competence of the individual members of ethnic minority groups in order to equip them to participate more fully in Danish society. At its worst, Danish administration repudiates the special needs of ethnic minorities. In most circumstances, Denmark's official position is relatively tolerant and yet passive as to the fate of ethnic minorities. Assimilation is an almost irresistable pressure for tiny ethnic minorities in a largely homogeneous society when the following ingredients are combined: • the failure to officially acknowledge the existence of minorities as such; and • the foundation principle of Danish administration of the actual equality of all people and the concomitant obligation to treat all alike.

scholarly journals The sustainable development of the ethnic minorities in Vietnam: The Indian experience and policy implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Thanh Hang Pham ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Sustainable Development

India is a country with diverse ethnic groups. To ensure special rights and benefits for ethnic minority groups aim at the sustainable development of the ethnic groups, the Indian Government has regulations on preferential treatment in terms of policies, capital provision, education and employment opportunities included in its Constitution. In addition to providing legal protection to minorities in the Constitution, the Government also implements national projects to promote socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas, establishing various agencies to manage issues of the groups. These are useful recommendations for Vietnam in ensuring the rights of ethnic minorities. In this article, the author will focus on clarifying the basic contents of Indian Government for ensuring the rights of ethnic minority groups and drawing some policy suggestions for Vietnam.

Why ethnic minority groups’ online-startups are booming in China’s tight cultural ecosystem?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Li ◽  
Kyeong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Although most Chinese ethnic minority groups (EMGs) hold conservative thinking to online-startups, the new entrepreneurial model is booming on live streaming platforms. In China’s tight cultural ecosystem, the tight cultural control would lead EMG entrepreneurs to keep conservative thinking and avoid challenging careers. Still, it would be helpful for Chinese Governments to issue systematical entrepreneurial policies and improve online-startup environment for EMGs. To discover the relationships among influencing factors and EMGs’ online-startup motivation, this paper aims to draw on the tight and loose cultural theory and the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour (COM-B) behaviour changing theory and establishes the research model based on China’s tight cultural ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach Through analysing 617 questionnaires from 37 EMGs based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling method, the study proves that environmental opportunity factors and personal capability factors have positive impacts on EMGs’ online-startup motivation and EMGs’ conservative thinking negatively moderates the relationship between their online-startup motivation and entrepreneurial development behaviour. In addition to testing the hypotheses, the paper also measures the importance-performance map analysis to explore additional findings of influencing factors and provide suitable suggestions for EMG entrepreneurs and related departments. Findings Regarding the environmental opportunity unit, both policy support and platform support significantly impact Chinese EMGs’ motivation to promote online-startups. For the personal capability unit, a platform using skills positively influences Chinese EMGs to develop online-startups. Meanwhile, EMG cultural knowledge is also necessary for EMG entrepreneurs because abundant cultural resources can be applied to live content and attract online consumers’ watching interests. Furthermore, influenced by the tight cultural control, Chinese EMGs tend to hold conservative thinking to new careers and it negatively moderates the relationship between Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation and their final entrepreneurial behaviours. Finally, Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation positively affects them to develop online-startups on live streaming platforms. Originality/value This study uses the tight and loose cultural theory to analyse the Chinese entrepreneurial environment and discover influencing factors based on the tight cultural ecosystem. Meanwhile, based on the COM-B behaviour changing theory, this paper divides influencing factors into three different units, including the environmental opportunity unit, the personal capability unit and the Tight cultural control unit. Considering the inter-relationships among these units, the research model is established based on the tight cultural ecosystem to discover Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation.

Perceived ethnic discrimination as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bardol ◽  
Stéphanie Grot ◽  
Hans Oh ◽  
Emmanuel Poulet ◽  
Halima Zeroug-Vial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown an elevated risk of psychotic symptoms (PS) and experiences (PEs) among ethnic minority groups, with significant variation between groups. This pattern may be partially attributable to the unfavorable socio-environmental conditions that surround ethnic minority groups. Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) in particular has been a salient putative risk factor to explain the increased risk.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of PED on reporting PS/PEs in ethnic minorities. This review abides by the guidelines set forth by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The included studies were obtained from the databases: Medline, PsycINFO, and Web Of Science. Sub-group analyses were performed assessing the effect of PED in different subtypes of PS, the influence of ethnicity and moderating/mediating factors.ResultsSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and nine were used to conduct the meta-analysis. We found a positive association between PED and the occurrence of PS/PEs among ethnic minorities. The combined odds ratio were 1.77 (95% CI 1.26–2.49) for PS and 1.94 (95% CI 1.42–2.67) for PEs. We found that the association was similar across ethnic groups and did not depend on the ethnic origin of individuals. Weak evidence supported the buffering effects of ethnic identity, collective self-esteem and social support; and no evidence supported the moderating effect of ethnic density. Sensitivity to race-based rejection significantly but only slightly mediated the association.ConclusionThese findings suggest that PED is involved in the increased risk of PS/PEs in ethnic minority populations.

scholarly journals European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Waechter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups. European identity is neither a new phenomenon nor a new concept. Yet, after almost three decades of research, this area is characterized by a wide variety of concepts and little empirical evidence. Existing studies in the area propose homogeneous concepts of societies and often disregard European identity among ethnic minorities and non-citizens. This paper addresses the gap in the literature and analyses European identity among 12 minority groups living in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that have already become or might become EU members. The purpose of this study is to examine the choice of European identity and attitudes towards Europe in relation to other identities among respondents with an ethnic minority background. The paper addresses this question within the life-course perspective and examines differences in identity levels between the young and older cohorts of minority groups. For our analysis we have used a sample of 6800 members of ethnic minorities living in CEE (ENRIValues and Identities Survey). Our results indicate a stronger level of European orientation among minority young people in comparison to adults. Moreover, the study shows that while young minority cohorts manifest stronger levels of European identity than adults, their levels of national and ethnic identity are significantly lower. While adults consider their national identity to be more salient than European identity, young people give the two equal degrees of importance. At the same time, for both young people and adults, the results illustrate that European identity is compatible with both national and ethnic identities

Persistence or Change? Conflicting Interpretations of Peripheral Minorities

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sibley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Relationship

In studies of the relationship between peripheral ethnic minority groups and the larger society in industrialised societies, it is commonly assumed that the minority is in the process of assimilation or is becoming economically dependent, A number of theoretical arguments on the nature of change are reviewed. The case of Gypsy communities in Europe and North America is used to demonstrate the inappropriateness of theories that predict a transformation of the minority group's culture—a picture of continuity and persistence appears more reasonable in the light of historical and fieldwork evidence.

scholarly journals Accessibility of health care experienced by persons with dementia from ethnic minority groups and formal and informal caregivers: A scoping review of European literature

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110553
Author(s):  
Gözde Duran-Kiraç ◽  
Özgül Uysal-Bozkir ◽  
Ronald Uittenbroek ◽  
Hein van Hout ◽  
Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Access To Health

The number of persons with dementia from ethnic minority backgrounds is increasing. However, ethnic minority groups use health care services less frequently compared to the general population. We conducted a scoping review and used the theoretical framework developed by Levesque to provide an overview of the literature concerning access to health care for ethnic minority people with dementia and (in)formal caregivers. Studies mentioned barriers in (1) the ability to perceive a need for care in terms of health literacy, health beliefs and trust, and expectations; (2) the ability to seek care because of personal and social values and the lack of knowledge regarding health care options; and (3) lack of person-centered care as barrier to continue with professional health care. Studies also mentioned barriers experienced by professionals in (1) communication with ethnic minorities and knowledge about available resources for professionals; (2) cultural and social factors influencing the professionals’ attitudes towards ethnic minorities; and (3) the appropriateness of care and lacking competencies to work with people with dementia from ethnic minority groups and informal caregivers. By addressing health literacy including knowledge about the causes of dementia, people with dementia from ethnic minorities and their informal caregivers may improve their abilities to access health care. Health care professionals need to strengthen their competencies in order to facilitate access to health care for this group.

scholarly journals Mapping discrimination in Europe through a field experiment in amateur sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez ◽  
Cornel Nesseler ◽  
Helmut M. Dietl
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Training Session ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Amateur Sport

AbstractSocieties are increasingly multicultural and diverse, consisting of members who migrated from various other countries. However, immigrants and ethnic minorities often face discrimination in the form of fewer opportunities for labor and housing, as well as limitations on interactions in other social domains. Using mock email accounts with typical native-sounding and foreign-sounding names, we contacted 23,020 amateur football clubs in 22 European countries, asking to participate in a training session. Response rates differed across countries and were, on average, about 10% lower for foreign-sounding names. The present field experiment reveals discrimination against ethnic minority groups, uncovering organizational deficiencies in a system trusted to foster social interactions.

scholarly journals On the Xenophobia of Non–Discriminated Ethnic Minorities

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Guido Ortona
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Sometimes the leaders of ethnic minority groups behave in a way that may promote xenophobia. A simple two-subject model is used to find out when this behaviour is rational. The conditions are briefly discussed with reference to the Italian case. An appendix illustrates die definition of xenophobia adopted in die paper.

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