Kinship through the Twofold Prism of Law and Anthropology

Blended Families ◽

Legal Practice ◽

Sexual Permissiveness ◽

The Social ◽

Individual Self ◽

Functionalist Approach ◽

Kinship Ties

Legal practitioners have much to gain by drawing on findings and insights from anthropological studies of kinship. This chapter first sketches the background of kinship studies in anthropology (including criticisms of the functionalist approach that led to a turn away from kinship studies), summarizes key questions that have preoccupied kinship scholars, and draws two important lessons that can help inform legal practice. The first is the profoundly social and cultural nature of kinship (as opposed to biological); the second is the observation that what may nowadays, at first glance, appear as new ways of organizing and expressing kinship ties in fact show more continuity than disruption. The author illustrates these lessons on the basis of four examples: (a) blended families; (b) same-sex unions; (c) the role of fathers in childrearing; and (d) sexual permissiveness. The chapter next details two specific contexts in which attention to an anthropological approach to kinship can productively inform legal practice. The first involves new advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that challenge the more ‘traditional’ understandings of what constitutes a family as expressed in many state legal systems. The second is the enduring importance of kinship as a form of support that provides reliable protection against the increased vulnerability caused by globalization, marginalization, and persecution. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on the inherent tension between the idea of universal human rights and the constraints on individual self-determination that are often part and parcel of the social support that kinship systems provide.

Pannexins and Connexins: Their Relevance for Oocyte Developmental Competence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5918

Author(s):

Paweł Kordowitzki ◽

Gabriela Sokołowska ◽

Marta Wasielak-Politowska ◽

Agnieszka Skowronska ◽

Mariusz T. Skowronski

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Species ◽

Atp Release ◽

High Energy ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Protein Group ◽

Multicellular Organisms

The oocyte is the major determinant of embryo developmental competence in all mammalian species. Although fundamental advances have been generated in the field of reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies in the past three decades, researchers and clinicians are still trying to elucidate molecular factors and pathways, which could be pivotal for the oocyte’s developmental competence. The cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications are crucial not only for oocytes but also for multicellular organisms in general. This latter mentioned communication is among others possibly due to the Connexin and Pannexin families of large-pore forming channels. Pannexins belong to a protein group of ATP-release channels, therefore of high importance for the oocyte due to its requirements of high energy supply. An increasing body of studies on Pannexins provided evidence that these channels not only play a role during physiological processes of an oocyte but also during pathological circumstances which could lead to the development of diseases or infertility. Connexins are proteins that form membrane channels and gap-junctions, and more precisely, these proteins enable the exchange of some ions and molecules, and therefore they do play a fundamental role in the communication between the oocyte and accompanying cells. Herein, the role of Pannexins and Connexins for the processes of oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization will be discussed and, at the end of this review, Pannexin and Connexin related pathologies and their impact on the developmental competence of oocytes will be provided.

Foreign Experience in Using Educational Logotherapy in Professional Activities of Primary School Teachers

Comparative Professional Pedagogy ◽

10.1515/rpp-2017-0036 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Yuliia Stepura

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Social Activity ◽

Therapeutic Concept ◽

Professional Activities ◽

Therapeutic Interaction ◽

The Social ◽

Primary Schoolchildren ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Self

Abstract The article examines the nature and importance of using aesthetic and therapeutic concept and educational logotherapy, in particular, for creating a special emotionally comfortable socioeducational environment for primary education The author has represented inteipretation of foreign scholars' views (J. Bugental, V. Frankl, A. Maslow, R. May, J. Moreno, C. Rogers et al) on such terms as “communication ”, “aesthetotherapy ”, “educational logotherapy” etc. An attempt has been made to analyze the social coTitent of pedagogical activity in the context of using logotherapy in primary school based on an agogical paradigm. In the scope of the article, the specific of using the therapeutic metaphor in the educational environment of primary' school has been represented as well as the basic stages of its implementation have been determined. These stages are the following: description of the storyline, persuasion and binding. The author has defined the role of the “living metaphors” in organization of the therapeutic interaction between the teacher and primary' schoolchildren. Particular attention has been paid to formation of the humanistic competency among primary schoolchildren; this competency is to be based on their understanding of the following philosophical and pedagogical categories: a norm (as a means and a results of pupils' social activity), freedom (as a mean and a result of individual self-expression among primary schoolchildren) and happiness (as an individual self-expression among primaryr schoolchildren). The author has assessed the role of deflection method and paradoxical intention for the social development of the pupil and further formation of the individual. Additional attention has been paid to determination of the socioeducational and psychological and pedagogical potential of such leading method in logotherapy as “The Socratic dialogue” (or “The Socratic circle”): as well have been highlighted the main stages of its implementation: consent (search for what pupil may agree), doubt (an expression of doubts towards weak arguments of interlocutor) and arguments (the teacher must convey' one’s opinion, without any resistance from the child): have been represented different various algorithms of its realization: the method of “aquarium”, “panel method” and “questioning technique”.

The role of maternal age in the assisted reproductive technologies

Reproductive Medicine Review ◽

10.1017/s0962279999000149 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark A Damario ◽

Owen K Davis ◽

Zev Rosenwaks

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Abortion Rate ◽

Western World ◽

Delayed Childbearing ◽

Art Outcome

Age is perhaps the most important single variable influencing outcome in the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The effect of advancing age on clinical ART outcome is manifested not only in the pattern of ovarian response to stimulation regimens, but also in reduced implantation efficiency and an increased spontaneous abortion rate. The clinical importance of these factors is compounded by the fact that increasing numbers of older women are presenting for ART treatment. Delayed childbearing is becoming increasingly common in the western world. The availability of methods of birth control, educational and career priorities for women, and the increased rates of divorce and remarriage are some of the factors contributing to this phenomenon.

The role of ALK5 in the profile of early reproductive losses in the use of assisted reproductive technologies

Hirurg (Surgeon) ◽

10.33920/med-15-2102-09 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 70-76

Author(s):

Abuduwaili Ruziguli ◽

Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukhliada ◽

Anna Nikolaevna Taits ◽

Tatyana Ivanovna Prohorovich ◽

Tatyana Aleksandrovna Libova

Keyword(s):

Natural Killer Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Decidual Tissue ◽

Reproductive Losses

This article is devoted to the assessment of the role of ALK5 in the profile of early reproductive losses in the use of assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, by using immunohistochemical study in the group of patients with early spontaneous abortion after the procedure of embryo transfer, a lower level of ALK5 expression in the decidual tissue was revealed (in comparison with control), which may be related to the occurrence of early reproductive losses caused by the imbalance in Th1 / Th2 and its effect on the increase in the concentration of natural killer cells.

The role of sex selection techniques in an assisted reproductive technologies program

A Textbook of In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction ◽

10.1201/b14680-29 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 463-474

Author(s):

Zaid Kilani ◽

Mohammed Shaban ◽

Lamia Hassan

Keyword(s):

Sex Selection

The role of diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in assisted reproductive technologies

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00147-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 378-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Giovanni B La Sala ◽

Rossella Montanari ◽

Luisella Dessanti ◽

Corrado Cigarini ◽

Fabrizio Sartori

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Biopsy ◽

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Female Infertility

High-Throughput ◽

10.3390/ht9020012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rossella Tomaiuolo ◽

Iolanda Veneruso ◽

Federica Cariati ◽

Valeria D’Argenio

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Embryo Implantation ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Almost All ◽

Generation Sequencing

During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a healthy status. As a consequence, alterations due to internal or external factors may lead to microbial dysbiosis and to the development of pathologies. Female reproductive microbiota has also been suggested to affect infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies, such as embryo implantation and pregnancy care. While the vaginal microbiota is well described, the uterine microbiota is underexplored. This could be due to technical issues, as the uterus is a low biomass environment. Here, we review the state of the art regarding the role of the female reproductive system microbiota in women’s health and human reproduction, highlighting its contribution to infertility.