Single and Partnered Women

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Relationship Dissolution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
System Type ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Willingness To Engage

The form, function, and prevalence of intrasexual competition is expected to differ for single and partnered women. For single women focused on the identification and recruitment of desirable mates, competition increases access to potential partners. For partnered women focused on the maintenance of current relationships, competition reduces the risk of infidelity and relationship dissolution. This chapter considers the specific threats experienced by single and partnered women, the extent to which these threats may impact on willingness to engage in intrasexual competition, and the competitive tactics employed. Additional factors influencing women’s engagement in intrasexual competition such as age and mating system type are also discussed.

Genetic factors influencing atrophic rhinitis in the pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kennedy ◽  
J. E. Moxley
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Turbinate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Estimate Heritability

ABSTRACTData from 1447 pigs from 438 litters were used to estimate heritability, breeding and mating system differences and heterosis of atrophic rhinitis. Yorkshire, Landrace and Lacombe breeds and their crosses were represented. Rhinitis was measured by necropsic examination of the degree of degeneration of the nasal turbinates. Two traits were considered: rhinitis incidence, based on whether or not pigs showed any nasal turbinate degeneration; and rhinitis score, which ranged from zero to four, based on the percentage of nasal turbinate degeneration exhibited. Heritabilities of rhinitis incidence and score were 0·12±0·09 and 0·03±0·02, respectively. Mating system differences were significant but differences between crosses within mating system were not. Estimates of heterosis of two-breed, backcross and three-breed cross pigs over purebreds were respectively, 1·1, 3·4 and 22·1% for rhinitis incidence and 10·1, 13·2 and 28·5% for rhinitis score.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the formation of the steady state deceleration of two-wheel vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
S. A. Evtyukov ◽  
◽  
I. S. Brylev ◽  
M. M. Blinder ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
System Type ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The article describes the factors influencing the formation of braking parameters for two-wheeled vehicles, in particular, bicycles, moving on dry asphalt and ground. There were carried out braking tests to determine the deceleration using the decelerometer of LWS-2MC type on dry asphalt and ground. Depending on the braking system type, the method of braking, the mass of the two-wheeled vehicle and the weight of the cyclist, as well as the suspension design, there were built graphs, and regression equations were obtained. A quantitative assessment of the factors influencing the formation of a steady-state deceleration of a two-wheeled vehicle during emergency braking is given.

scholarly journals Mating System of Free-Ranging Dogs (Canis familiaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Number Of Males

Fourteen females belonging to five groups were selected for the study of mating system in free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) All the matings occurred between August and December with a peak in late monsoon months (September to November). Both males and females differed in their degree of attractiveness to the opposite sex. The duration of courting association increased with the number of courting males in an association. The females exhibited selectivity by readily permitting some males to mate and avoiding, or even attacking others, if they attempted to mount. Frequency of mounting in courting association increased with the number of males present. There was a positive correlation between the duration of courting association and the frequency of mounting. The young adult males were more likely to copulate successfully than the old adult males. There was a negative correlation between the number of males present in an association and the number of successful copulations. In this study, six types of mating (monogamy, polygyny, promiscuity, polyandry, opportunity and rape) were recorded. Mean (±S.E.) duration ofcopulatory tieswas 25.65 (±1.43) min. Several natural factors influencing the duration of copulatory ties were identified.

Genetic evidence for multiple paternity in the critically endangered Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoamel Milián-García ◽  
Evelyn L. Jensen ◽  
Sheila Ribalta Mena ◽  
Etiam Pérez Fleitas ◽  
Gustavo Sosa Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Polygynous Mating System

Conservation strategies can be most effective when factors influencing the persistence of populations are well-understood, including aspects of reproductive biology such as mating system. Crocodylians have been traditionally associated with a polygynous mating system, with genetic studies revealing multiple paternity of clutches in several species. The endemic Cuban crocodile,Crocodylus rhombifer, is currently listed as Critically Endangered, and is one of the least understood crocodylian species in terms of its mating behavior. Here, we tested a hypothesis of multiple paternity in the Cuban crocodile by collecting genotypic data at nine microsatellite loci for 102 hatchlings from five nests sampled at the Zapata Swamp captive breeding facility and analyzing them in relation to data previously collected for 137 putative parents. All five nests showed evidence of multiple paternity based on the numbers of alleles per locus, with sibship analyses reconstructing all nests as having four to six full-sib family groups. Accordingly, mean pairwise relatedness values per nest ranged from 0.21 to 0.39, largely intermediate between theoretical expected values for half-siblings (0.25) and full-siblings (0.50). It is not possible to differentiate whether the multiple paternity of a nest was due to multiple matings during the same breeding season, or a result of sperm storage. Our results reveal that theC. rhombifermating system is likely best characterized as promiscuous and suggest that the standard practice of enforcing a 1:2 sex ratio at the captive breeding facility should be altered in order to better maintain a demographically and genetically healthy ex situ population.

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