Secularism and Religion in American Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
American Education ◽  
Character Formation ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Way

Recent critics of the secular have presented a newly complicated account of secularity, one in which secularity and religion are seen not as separate but as mutually intertwined and interdependent. This chapter uses these new secular critics to reflect on the history and nature of a secular education. It argues that the emergence of American secular education over the course of the twentieth century was tied to power and production of knowledge that, at times, included religious moods and outlooks. Moving forward, secular education would do well to acknowledge and include those religious outlooks into its pedagogical practices. Secular education for the twenty-first century should embrace the way learning necessarily involves character formation. Vibrant modern secular education would be marked by not only the richness of its constrained disagreements, but also by reflection on how those disagreements function liturgically to shape and influence the making of community.

The Nature and Legacy of British Imperial Internment

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Stefan Manz ◽  
Panikos Panayi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Great War ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Way

This chapter begins by highlighting the main findings of the book, including the globalization of internment by the Empire during the Great War and the consequences for individuals and their families, but also the fact that Britain treated those it had incarcerated in a humane way. The chapter examines the return to Germany, its consequences for individuals, and the way in which the German authorities dealt with the former residents of the British Empire. These people, who may not have seen their homeland for decades, made efforts to preserve the memory of their experiences, along with former civilian and military prisoners who came from other states at war with Germany. While the memory of internment may have survived into the interwar years, it disappeared in the second half of the twentieth century, but came back to life in the early twenty-first century, inspired by the centenary of the Great War.

From Propagandistic Exploitation to Post-Communist Sensationalism: Beethoven Reception in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Florinela Popa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
World War ◽  
Adolf Hitler ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Way

This paper mainly investigates the way Beethoven’s image was turned, during the totalitarian political regimes of twentieth-century Romania, into a tool of propaganda. Two such ideological annexations are striking: one took place in the period when Romania, as Germany’s ally during World War II and led by Marshall Ion Antonescu, who was loyal to Adolf Hitler, to a certain extent copied the Nazi model (1940–1944); the other, much longer, began when Communists took power in 1947 and lasted until 1989, with some inevitable continuations. The beginnings of contemporary Romanian capitalism in the 1990s brought, in addition to an attempt to depoliticize Beethoven by means of professional, responsible musicological enquiries, no longer grounded in Fascist or Communist ideologies, another type of approach: sensationalist, related to the “identification” of some of Beethoven’s love interests who reportedly lived on the territory of present-day Romania.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Malcolm Dick ◽  
Caroline Archer-Parré
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
First Century ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
James Watt ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Popular Writing ◽  
The Way

2019 marks the 200th anniversary of the death of James Watt, the scientist and engineer. This chapter introduces the ways in which he has been portrayed in public art, such as William Bloye’s gilded statue of Watt, Matthew Boulton and William Murdock in Birmingham. The Introduction also looks at how Watt as a scientist, engineer and individual has been represented by writers and historians since his death. His depiction as a great man began in his obituary by Francis Jeffrey and continued in the first biographies by François Arago and James Patrick Muirhead. The projection of Watt as a national hero was substantially due to his son, James Watt junior’s filial project to celebrate his father in publications, monuments, paintings and medals. History and popular writing in the twentieth century focused attention on Watt as a steam engineer, which is the way in which he is largely perceived today. The Introduction draws attention to the ways in which writers in this volume have broadened our understanding of Watt in the twenty-first century.

Epilogue and Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
David Thackeray ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Acute Crisis ◽  
The Way ◽  
Internet And Social Media

We explore the ongoing importance of election promises since 1997. Even if the way that promises are disseminated has changed with the growing importance of the internet and social media in campaigning, expectations surrounding manifestos remain roughly those that were set during the twentieth century. And yet the Brexit controversy has arguably created an acute crisis in trust in politicians’ promises and uncertainty about the authority of election manifestos. In the aftermath of the Brexit vote, manifestos enjoyed a more central role in the 2017 and 2019 elections than they had achieved at other elections during the early twenty-first century, not least because of the ambiguities of the mandate provided by the referendum.

Fantasiecle

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Peter Marks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
World Wide ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual Desires ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Way

An English computer whizz invented the twenty-first century. This, of course, is a fantastic claim, but Tim Berners-Lee rightly gets credited for inventing the World Wide Web, which became operational in the 1990s, and which quickly began to shape the way people around the globe learn, communicate, trade, debate, are manipulated, scrutinised and entertained, fall in and out of love, reinvent their identities, engage in politics, and indulge their fantasies and sexual desires. Such a state of affairs might have seemed impossible, or indeed unthinkable, for much of the twentieth century, the stuff of science fiction, although another Englishman had proposed something similar in the late 1930s.

scholarly journals The California Code

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Keith Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Slow Collision ◽  
The Way

Underlying so much of the economic and ecological turmoil unfolding in California and the rest of the world now is a slow collision between the operating systems of the resource-wasting, vertically managed twentieth century and the much more volatile ecological and economic conditions of the twenty-first century. This essay argues that California is leading the way in defining a new code to deal responsibly-and profitably-with climate change and its effects.

scholarly journals Corporate headquarters in the twenty-first century: an organization design perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kunisch ◽  
Markus Menz ◽  
David Collis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corporate Headquarters ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract The corporate headquarters (CHQ) of the multi-business enterprise, which emerged as the dominant organizational form for the conduct of business in the twentieth century, has attracted considerable scholarly attention. As the business environment undergoes a fundamental transition in the twenty-first century, we believe that understanding the evolving role of the CHQ from an organization design perspective will offer unique insights into the nature of business activity in the future. The purpose of this article, in keeping with the theme of the Journal of Organization Design Special Collection, is thus to invigorate research into the CHQ. We begin by explicating four canonical questions related to the design of the CHQ. We then survey fundamental changes in the business environment occurring in the twenty-first century, and discuss their potential implications for CHQ design. When suitable here we also refer to the contributions published in our Special Collection. Finally, we put forward recommendations for advancements and new directions for future research to foster a deeper and broader understanding of the topic. We believe that we are on the cusp of a change in the CHQ as radical as that which saw its initial emergence in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. Exactly what form that change will take remains for practitioners and researchers to inform.

‘A Heap of Broken Images’? Reviving Austro-German Debates over Musical Meaning, 1900–36

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Critical Hermeneutics ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Force And Motion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Musical Interpretation ◽  
Twenty First Century

AbstractThis article examines a range of writings on the status of musical interpretation in Austria and Germany during the early decades of the twentieth century, and argues their relevance to current debates. While the division outlined by recent research between popular-critical hermeneutics and analytical ‘energetics’ at this time remains important, hitherto neglected contemporary reflections by Paul Bekker and Kurt Westphal demonstrate that the success of energetics was not due to any straightforward intellectual victory. Rather, the images of force and motion promoted by 1920s analysis were carried by historical currents in the philosophy, educational theory and arts of the time, revealing a culturally situated source for twenty-first-century analysis's preoccupations with motion and embodiment. The cultural relativization of such images may serve as a retrospective counteraction to the analytical rationalizing processes that culminated specifically in Heinrich Schenker's later work, and more generally in the privileging of graphic and notational imagery over poetic paraphrase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of flood damage reduction throughout Japan from adaptation measures taken under a range of emissions mitigation scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yamamoto ◽  
So Kazama ◽  
Yoshiya Touge ◽  
Hayata Yanagihara ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on flood damage and the effects of mitigation measures and combinations of multiple adaptation measures in reducing flood damage. The inundation depth was calculated using a two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The flood damage cost was estimated from the unit evaluation value set for each land use and prefectures and the calculated inundation depth distribution. To estimate the flood damage in the near future and the late twenty-first century, five global climate models were used. These models provided daily precipitation, and the change of the extreme precipitation was calculated. In addition to the assessment of the impacts of climate change, certain adaptation measures (land-use control, piloti building, and improvement of flood control level) were discussed, and their effects on flood damage cost reduction were evaluated. In the case of the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario, the damage cost in the late twenty-first century will increase to 57% of that in the late twentieth century. However, if mitigation measures were to be undertaken according to RCP2.6 standards, the increase of the flood damage cost will stop, and the increase of the flood damage cost will be 28% of that in the late twentieth century. By implementing adaptation measures in combination rather than individually, it is possible to keep the damage cost in the future period even below that in the late twentieth century. By implementing both mitigation and adaptation measures, it is possible to reduce the flood damage cost in the late twenty-first century to 69% of that in the late twentieth century.

Out of the box, onto the web: Digitizing images in the Tuzin Archive for Melanesian Anthropology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristela Garcia-Spitz ◽  
Kathryn Creely
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
San Diego ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The University ◽  
Archival Practices ◽  
The Web

How are ethnographic photographs from the twentieth century accessed and represented in the twenty-first century? This report from the Tuzin Archive for Melanesian Anthropology at the University of California San Diego Library provides an overview of the photographic materials, arrangements and types of documentation in the archive, followed by summaries of specific digitization projects of the photographs from physician Sylvester Lambert and anthropologists Roger Keesing and Harold Scheffler, among others. Through the process of digitization and online access, ethnographic photographs are transformed and may be discovered and contextualized in new ways. Utilizing new technologies and forming broad collaborations, these digitization projects incorporate both anthropological and archival practices and also raise ethical questions. This is an in-depth look at what is digitized and how it is described to re/create meaning and context and to bring new life to these images.

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