The Holy War (1682)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
John Bunyan ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Literary Characters

By the early 1680s John Bunyan had achieved respect and popularity for his public preaching. As an author he attempted to build on the great success of The Pilgrim’s Progress, first with The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680) and then with The Holy War, which was published in 1682. Bunyan’s most ambitious and elaborate work of fiction took the form of an allegorical battle epic depicting the Christian scheme of salvation, the struggle of the human soul towards salvation, and contemporary and future events. This chapter discusses The Holy War in the context of the religious and literary works available to Bunyan, and as an impressive example of Bunyan’s skill in the creation of individuated literary characters.

The Oxford Handbook of John Bunyan

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
John Bunyan ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Literary Output

The Oxford Handbook of John Bunyan is the most extensive volume of original essays ever published on the seventeenth-century Nonconformist preacher and writer. It examines Bunyan’s life and works, religious and historical contexts, and the critical reception of his writings, in particular his allegory, The Pilgrim’s Progress. Interdisciplinary and comprehensive, it ranges from literary theory to religious history, and from theology to post-colonial criticism. The Handbook is structured in four sections. The first, ‘Contexts’, deals with the historical Bunyan in relation to various aspects of his life, background, and work as a Nonconformist: from basic facts of biography to the nature of his church at Bedford, his theology, and the religious and political cultures of seventeenth-century Dissent. Part II, ‘Works’, considers Bunyan’s literary output in its entirety, including individual chapters on his major narratives and allegories: Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666), The Pilgrim’s Progress, Parts I and II (1678, 1684), The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), and The Holy War (1682). Part III, ‘Directions in Criticism’, engages with Bunyan in literary critical terms, focusing on his employment of form and language and on theoretical approaches to his writings: from psychoanalytic to post-secular criticism. Part IV, ‘Journeys’, surveys the ways in which Bunyan’s works, especially The Pilgrim’s Progress, have travelled throughout the world. Bunyan’s place within key literary periods and historical developments is assessed, from the eighteenth-century novel to the writing of ‘empire’.

The Nonconformist Inheritance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
John Bunyan ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
The Many ◽  
John Owen

This chapter analyses the editions, abridgements, and recommendations of texts by seventeenth-century nonconformists that were made by eighteenth-century dissenters, Methodists, and Church of England evangelicals. The nonconformist writers they chose include Joseph Alleine, Richard Baxter, John Flavel, John Owen, and John Bunyan. The editors and recommenders include Philip Doddridge, John Wesley, Edward Williams, Benjamin Fawcett, George Burder, John Newton, William Mason, and Thomas Scott. Detailed accounts are provided of the large number of Baxter’s works that were edited, notably A Call to the Unconverted and The Saints Everlasting Rest, and a case study is devoted to the many annotated editions of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and the ways in which they were used. The editors took into account length, intelligibility, religious attitudes, and cost, and sometimes criticized their rivals’ versions on theological grounds.

The Humbled Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Aristotelian Ethics

The devout self comes to devotion as one who has already fallen short of the Christian ideal and now wants to do better, but it is made clear that perfection will not be achieved in this life and the soul will fall many times. The devout life is thus from the beginning a life of repentance or, more radically, mortification. The self is pictured as engaged in a holy war with itself in which, in the end, it must accept defeat by God. In this defeat it learns humility, widely acclaimed as the most important Christian virtue. However, humility means something different from the modest self-regard of Aristotelian ethics and, as de Sales makes clear, means welcoming abjection. The great model for humility is Christ himself, both as regards the circumstances of his life and death and in the humility of incarnation itself.

Barriers to the Use of Neurologic Criteria to Declare Death in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110069
Author(s):  
Ariane Lewis ◽  
Andrew Kumpfbeck ◽  
Jordan Liebman ◽  
Sam D. Shemie ◽  
Gene Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
World Brain ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Death By Neurologic Criteria

There are varying medical, legal, social, religious and philosophical perspectives about the distinction between life and death. Death can be declared using cardiopulmonary or neurologic criteria throughout much of the world. After solicitation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) protocols from contacts around the world, we found that the percentage of countries with BD/DNC protocols is much lower in Africa than other developing regions. We performed an informal review of the literature to identify barriers to declaration of BD/DNC in Africa. We found that there are numerous medical, legal, social and religious barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa including 1) limited number of healthcare facilities, critical care resources and clinicians with relevant expertise; 2) absence of a political and legal framework codifying death; and 3) cultural and religious perspectives that present ideological conflict with the idea of BD/DNC, in particular, and between traditional and Western medicine, in general. Because there are a number of unique barriers to the creation of BD/DNC protocols in Africa, it remains to be seen how the World Brain Death Project, which is intended to create minimum standards for BD/DNC around the world, will impact BD/DNC determination in Africa.

Life and Death

2016 ◽  
pp. 422-442
Author(s):  
Jana Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
The Creation

This chapter places Catholic teaching on questions of life and death against the background of a Catholic vision of salvation history, emphasizing that Catholics see no necessary opposition between Christian faith and progress in scientific understanding of the creation. The chapter then considers questions concerning abortion, contraception, and techniques for artificial reproduction. The second half of the chapter focuses on questions concerning death. Catholic teaching views human life in this world as finite, and thus sees death as intrinsic to the current human condition. After considering Catholic teaching on euthanasia, the chapter considers Catholic discussion of war, the death penalty, and care for the environment.

scholarly journals O PROGRESSO DO PEREGRINO E A ÉTICA DA CONVERSÃO INDIVIDUALISTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 318-345
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ramos Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
John Bunyan ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a alegoria religiosa The Pilgrim's Progress, do escritor inglês John Bunyan, buscando encontrar no enredo e no contexto histórico que se entrelaça à obra, alguns elementos que nos permitam compreender o ethos da vida peregrina desse indivíduo em busca da sua salvação. Assim, considerando que a obra foi escrita como resposta ao conturbado cenário religioso e político da Inglaterra do século XVII, analisaremos o enredo, os dogmas e os símbolos religiosos presentes no livro, buscando compreender a relação entre fé e vida “mundana”, indivíduo e comunidade e, principalmente, o valor das narrativas de devoção na experiência de conversão, para, então, entender como tais valores, expostos nas potentes alegorias de Bunyan, geraram um universo lúdico e concreto que validou uma ética  religiosa, profundamente individualista, que se tornou a marca do conversionismo puritano, e que continua a fazer sentido, mesmo para pessoas que não compartilham do contexto histórico e social do escritor.

scholarly journals Dimensi Alam Kehidupan dan Manunggaling Kawula­Gusti dalam Serat Jatimurti

ATAVISME ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Andi Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
Natural Life

Artikel ini bertujuan memahami dimensi alam kehidupan dan proses pencapaian manunggaling kawula­Gusti menurut Serat Jatimurti. Terpahaminya dimensi alam kehidupan tersebut diharapkan mampu menuntun pelaku mistik kejawen mencapai tujuan mistiknya. Puncak laku mistik orang kejawen adalah manunggaling kawul ­Gusti. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis wacana dan interprestasi. Teori yang dmanfaatkan ialah teori pragmatik. Teori pragmatik diterapkan karena berkait erat dengan manfaat karya sastra bagi pembaca dan masyarakat. Hasil pengkajian ini adalah terungkapnya berbagai dimensi alam kehidupan dan makna manunggaling kawula­ Gusti, yaitu menyatunya gesang sejati atau urip sejati dengan Kang Maha Gesang atau Kang Maha Urip, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Abstract: The aim of this article is to comprehend the dimension of natural life and the achievement process of manunggaling kawula Gusti ‘the unity of human soul and God’ according to Serat Jatimurti. It is expected that comprehending the natural life dimensions can lead the performer of mystic of kejawen to get his mystical goal. The ultimate mystical goal of the kejawen people is manunggaling kawula Gusti. The data was analyzed by using discourse analysis and interpretation method. The pragmatic theory was applied because it was closely related with the benefit of the literary works for the reader and the society. This study has found various dimensions of natural life and the meaning of manunggaling kawula Gusti, which is the unity of true gesang or true urip ‘life’ with God, Kang Maha Gesang or Kang Maha Urip ‘the eternal’. Key Words: natural life dimension, manunggaling kawula­Gusti, Serat Jatimurti

scholarly journals The differentiation between elegance and popularity in the orthography of popular literature of the Ming Dynasty and its causes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Zhang Meilan ◽  
Zhan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Journey To The West ◽  
Water Margin ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

Through examination of variants in two versions of Jinpingmei, three versions of Water Margin, two versions of Journey to the West, and between relevant sections of Qingpingshantang Scripts, Ancient and Modern Fiction, Jingshi Tongyan, and Amazing Stories, the existence of two trends of elegance and popularity in the orthography of different versions and literary works may be detected. Those texts with a more elegant character have been largely influenced by a strategy of standardized orthography, which is closely related to the creation purpose, knowledge, and cultural awareness of the authors, the willingness of booksellers to produce and sell such works, and their target consumers and readership. The differentiation between elegance and popularity in the character of literary works truly reflects the divergence of different texts within different social strata, which is not only a linguistic and philological question, but also a sociological one.

scholarly journals Drawback in the Change Detection Approach: False Detection during the 2018 Western Japan Floods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Moya ◽  
Yukio Endo ◽  
Genki Okada ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura ◽  
Erick Mas
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Flooded Areas

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been used to map flooded areas with great success. Flooded areas are often identified by detecting changes between a pair of images recorded before and after a certain flood. During the 2018 Western Japan Floods, the change detection method generated significant misclassifications for agricultural targets. To evaluate whether such a situation could be repeated in future events, this paper examines and identifies the causes of the misclassifications. We concluded that the errors occurred because of the following. (i) The use of only a single pair of SAR images from before and after the floods. (ii) The unawareness of the dynamics of the backscattering intensity through time in agricultural areas. (iii) The effect of the wavelength on agricultural targets. Furthermore, it is highly probable that such conditions might occur in future events. Our conclusions are supported by a field survey of 35 paddy fields located within the misclassified area and the analysis of Sentinel-1 time series data. In addition, in this paper, we propose a new parameter, which we named “conditional coherence”, that can be of help to overcome the referred issue. The new parameter is based on the physical mechanism of the backscattering on flooded and non-flooded agricultural targets. The performance of the conditional coherence as an input of discriminant functions to identify flooded and non-flooded agricultural targets is reported as well.

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