Figuring Out Children’s Number Representations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Towse ◽  
Kevin Muldoon ◽  
Victoria Simms
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Number Representations ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
Different Cultures

This chapter explores how numbers are represented amongst children in different cultures, and shows how this can enrich our understanding of mathematical cognition. It focuses on two specific, related topics: the representation of multi-digit numbers and the scaling of a mental number line. The authors consider whether linguistic differences in number structures directly influence children’s understanding of place value. They also consider whether cross-cultural and developmental differences in the quality of children’s mental representations of number are direct influences on mathematical skill. Together, these two topics allow us to consider evidence for the existence of cross-cultural difference in mathematics and investigate factors that might underlie them. The authors propose that whilst the interpretation of data needs to proceed cautiously, valuable insights can be gained from relevant research.

scholarly journals A Pragmatics Explanation for Japanese-English Turn-Taking Contrasts and the Need for Pedagogical Intervention: A Response to Davey Young’s TLT Article

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Josef Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Pedagogical Intervention ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Discursive Leadership ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Japanese English

In TLT Volume 42(3), Davey Young presents contrasting models of turn-taking in Japanese and English and argues that this cross-cultural difference is primarily due to linguistic differences across English and Japanese. While rightly noting that proficiency in turn-taking is crucial for overall interactional competence and should be a focus of pedagogical intervention, Young’s rationale for the difference in his models neglects the important factor of pragmatics, particularly the notion of politeness. In this response to Young’s original article, Japanese-English differences in turn-taking behaviours are considered from a pragmatic viewpoint and analysed as part of a larger discursive leadership (Fairhurst, 2007) framework. The implications for teaching turn-taking are also discussed. TLT42巻3号においてDavey Youngは日本語と英語の話者交替の対照モデルを提示し、この異文化間の相違は、主に英語と日本語の言語的相違によるものであると述べている。Youngが指摘している通り、確かに話者交替の能力は相互行為能力全体の中で極めて重要であり、教育的介入の中心的課題の１つとなるべきである。しかしながら、Youngのモデルにおける日本語と英語の話者交替の相違に関する理論は、語用論における重要な要素、特にポライトネスの概念が欠けている。このYoungの論説の補遺は、話者交替における日本語と英語の違いを語用論の見地から考察し、より広い談話管理（Fairhurst, 2007）の枠組みで分析した。また、話者交替指導の点からの考察も加えた。

scholarly journals Exploring the East-West Divide in Prevalence of Affective Disorder: A Case for Cultural Differences in Coping With Negative Emotion

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
June De Vaus ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Peter Kuppens ◽  
Brock Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
East West

Lifetime rates of clinical depression and anxiety in the West tend to be approximately 4 to 10 times greater than rates in Asia. In this review, we explore one possible reason for this cross-cultural difference, that Asian cultures think differently about emotion than do Western cultures and that these different systems of thought help explain why negative affect does not escalate into clinical disorder at the same rate. We review research from multiple disciplines—including cross-cultural psychology, social cognition, clinical psychology, and psychiatry—to make the case that the Eastern holistic principles of contradiction (each experience is associated with its opposite), change (the world exists in a state of constant flux), and context (the interconnectedness of all things) fundamentally shape people’s experience of emotions in different cultures. We then review evidence for how these cultural differences influence how successfully people use common emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and suppression.

The importance and meaning of prayer rituals at the end of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Dean Anderson ◽  
Joanna De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Death Rituals ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Spiritual Suffering

Death rituals, such as the ritual of prayer, can offer cultural comfort to people who are grieving the loss of their own life or that of another. This article explores the meaning of ritual, how rituals are structured and how prayer rituals are used at the end of life from a cross-cultural perspective. Facing death can be a challenge to a person's sense of identity and their understanding of their world around them, beginning a process of spiritual suffering. Prayer rituals can help maintain a sense of control and identity during this time of crisis, offering comfort, meaning and structure. Despite varying outward appearances, prayer rituals from different cultures follow similar structures that can be deconstructed, allowing nurses to decipher their meaning and deepen the quality of care they provide to the dying person and those left behind.

The Resonance of Metaphor: Evidence for Latino Preferences for Metaphor and Analogy

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ondish ◽  
Dov Cohen ◽  
Kay Wallheimer Lucas ◽  
Joseph Vandello
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures

People of different cultures communicate and describe the world differently. In the present article, we document one such cultural difference previously unexplored by psychologists: receptiveness to metaphors. We contrast Spanish-speaking Latinos with Anglo-Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos who do not habitually speak Spanish. Across four experiments, we show that relative to these other groups, Spanish-speaking Latinos show stronger preferences for metaphoric definitions, better recall of metaphors, greater trust in both scientific and political arguments that use metaphor, and stronger liking for and desire to connect with persons who use metaphoric speech. Future directions and implications for improving cross-cultural communication in various settings are discussed.

scholarly journals “Oriental” specificity of in the works of A. A. Fet: comparative analysis of the verbless poems of A. A. Fet and ancient Chinese poets

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mengjie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Cultures

The subject of this research is the works of A. A. Fet, namely verbless poems, which are used as manifestation of his interest in the Orient and ancient Chinese poets. Analysis of A. A. Fet’s works from the perspective of projection on the compositions of Chinese poets and reflection of oriental specificity in his poems is a widespread topic in cross-cultural studies on the peculiarities of the establishment of literature. Multiple Chinese scholars keep seeking similar motifs as the factors mutual interest in depiction landscapes and surrounding reality. The acquired results allow interpreting the works of the poets belonging to different cultures. The scientific novelty of this research lies in combining different opinions on studying the oriental specificity in the poems of A. A. Fet, placing emphasis on the analysis of one his verbless poems. The article presents a compilation of various approaches towards examination of the works of A. A. Fet. The materials can be valuable for those interested in the creative path of the Russian poet. In future structuring the route of interaction and enrichment of knowledge in the field of cross-cultural communication, the obtained result of the works of authors of foreign cultures contributes to the understanding of culture, strengthens relations between the cultures, as well as improves the quality of translation, which is also important in the dialogue of cultures.

Adaptation and cross-cultural validation of the Spanish version of the Thyroid-Related Quality-of-Life Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lleo Ana Maria Gonzalez ◽  
Mauro Boronat Cortes ◽  
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez Perez ◽  
AEse Krogh Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Cultural Validation

Across Culture Communication Style Choices in Western and British Culture in The Leap Year movie.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargis - ◽  
Imtihan - Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
British Culture

The different cultures, power distance could be the obstacle in intercultural communication. The aim of this research to identify the types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between British and American in the Leap Year movie. The researchers attempt to reveal kinds of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between Declan as British and Anna as American for three days. This Qualitative research method analyses data of utterances and are classified into four types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice. The result shows that there are 356 utterances of Anna and Declan. for three days. Anna has 204 utterances with 44,3 % direct style and indirect 5,8 %.. Declan uses 155 utterance with 37 % and 12 % indirect style. British tend to use more indirect styles in expressing their intention to save the interlocutor’s face.Meanwhile, American use direct styles to reveal their intentions as they belong to the high culture communication.Key words: across culture communication,direct style, indirectstyle

scholarly journals Anxiety- and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China and the United States

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jin You ◽  
Qian Lu ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
Zhiqiang Meng ◽  
Kay Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Chinese Patients

Purpose Literature has documented the prevalence of anxiety and its adverse effect on quality of life among patients with breast cancer from Western countries, yet cross-cultural examinations with non-Western patients are rare. This cross-cultural study investigated differences in anxiety and its association with quality of life between US and Chinese patients with breast cancer. Methods Patients with breast cancer from the United States and China completed measures for anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast). Results After controlling for demographic and medical characteristics, Chinese patients reported higher levels of trait and state anxiety than US patients. Although there was an association between anxiety and quality of life in both groups of patients, the association between state anxiety and quality of life was stronger among Chinese patients than among US patients, with the association between trait anxiety and quality of life the same between the two cultural samples. Conclusion These findings suggest that anxiety and its association with quality of life among patients with breast cancer varies depending on cultural context, which reveals greater anxiety and poorer quality of life among Chinese patients compared with US patients. This suggests greater unmet psychosocial needs among Chinese patients and highlights the need to build comprehensive cancer care systems for a better quality of life in Chinese populations.

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