Reason and Faith

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Buchak
Keyword(s):  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Epistemic Norms ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Epistemic Standards ◽  
Reason And Faith ◽  
Cognitive Attitudes

Faith is a central attitude in Christian religious practice. The problem of faith and reason is the problem of reconciling religious faith with the standards for our belief-forming practices in general (‘ordinary epistemic standards’). In order to see whether and when faith can be reconciled with ordinary epistemic standards, we first need to know what faith is. This chapter examines and catalogues views of propositional faith: faith that p. It is concerned with the epistemology of such faith: what cognitive attitudes such faith requires, what epistemic norms govern these attitudes, and whether Christian faith can ever adhere to them.

Hutton Rises in the World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Whyman
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Future Value

Hutton’s business success and social mobility are viewed in the context of Birmingham’s industrial development, a booming land market, the lack of government regulation, and the diversity of religious practice. This chapter reveals the economic framework that allowed Hutton to amass wealth. Once he settled in Birmingham, he found new ways to develop business skills and make money. Early failure stiffened his resolve, taught him lessons, and led him to focus on selling paper, instead of books. Convinced of the future value of land, he made risky speculations and accumulated large debts. A case study compares Hutton’s response to the Industrial Revolution with that of his sister, Catherine Perkins. Hutton devoted all his energies to making money and buying estates. His sister found greater happiness in her religious faith and charity. Their opposing views about land, trade, money, and religion reveal a spectrum of personal responses to rapid economic change.

Human Dignity: Experience and History, Practical Reason and Faith

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hollenbach
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Reason And Faith ◽  
The Church

This chapter argues that human dignity can be grounded in historical experiences of the violation and attainment of dignity, and through arguments based on practical (as opposed to theoretical) reason about how to advance respect for dignity and reduce its violation. It also presents theological warrants for human dignity based on Christian faith, and argues that reflection by practical reason on human experience interacts with these Christian religious beliefs in ways that have led the Catholic community to become an important advocate of human dignity in recent decades. Continued interaction of practical reason, human experience, and faith can enable the Catholic Church to work with other communities on behalf of human dignity in addressing new challenges today, perhaps leading the church to further historical development of its understanding of human dignity and rights in new technological and social contexts.

APOCALYPTIC HOMOPHOBIA: FREEDOM OF RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION, HATE SPEECH, AND THE PENTECOSTAL DISCOURSE ON SAME-SEX RELATIONS IN AFRICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asonzeh Ukah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Verbal Attack

Abstract In many African societies, gender roles and sexuality are intensely scrutinized, policed, and often enforced. Frequently, this situation results in perceived deviations being characterized in very strong terms. Many Africans across religious and denominational boundaries seem united in their opposition and criticism of same-sex relationships. In the twenty-first century, criminalization of same-sex relationships has witnessed an uptick across the continent. In Nigeria, same-sex union was criminalized in 2014, an act that witnessed massive support from Protestant, especially Pentecostal, Christian communities. Prominent Pentecostal leaders spearheaded the campaign in support and defense of the anti-gay laws in the country. Reasoned opposition to a practice based on religious faith, doctrine, and scriptural prescriptions is an integral aspect of the protection for the practice of religion. However, there is a palpable tension in the debates around rights to free sexual expression as a fundamental element of legally protected human rights and the equally constitutionally embedded right to religious practice, expression, and exercise. At what point, therefore, does the respect for the free exercise of religion and religious expression come into conflict with the respect for, and protection of, minority rights such as claimed rights to sexual expression such as many LGBTQI persons are increasingly contesting? Framed differently, is the verbal and non-verbal promotion of hatred, violence, indignity, and insult or giving offence to a segment of the population based on sexual orientation a part of free religious expression? How do the Pentecostal arguments against same-sex relations in Nigeria approximate to hate speech, defined as a verbal attack on a person or group of persons based on their attributes such as gender and sexual orientation, religion, or ethnicity? To analyze these and related issues, this essay examines the arguments used by the leader of the largest Pentecostal organization in Nigeria—and by far, the most important Pentecostal voice in the country—in the wake of the legal prohibition of homosexuality in Nigeria in 2014.

From Rechristianization to Contestation: Catholic Values and Quebec Society, 1931–1970

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gauvreau
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
American Consumer ◽  
The 1960S

Speaking before the Commission d'étude sur les laics et l'Église (Commission Dumont) in 1970, Jean-Paul Gignac articulated the feelings of many when he stated that although the church had greatly furthered the survival of French Canadians, the men and women of his own generation had been “strangely traumatized” by Catholicism. At one level, their perplexity can be read as but the obvious response to the travails of Quebec Catholicism in the 1960s. For many decades prior to 1960, the Catholic Church had been successful in imposing on most of Quebec society what appeared to be a unanimity of social and cultural values. But after the mid-1960s, an increasingly evident decline of religious practice, the abandonment of the priesthood by many clergy, the indifference of young people to Roman Catholicism, marked the rapid erosion of the church's social and cultural authority. That erosion was marked in many ways: the deconfessionalization of many Catholic educational and social welfare institutions; the creation of a new pluralist society through state intervention; the rise of a secular “neonationalism“ baserd upon economics, language, and the power of the state instead of a common religious faith; and, at a popular level, the replacement of Christianity by the secular values of a mass-market, North American consumer society. Together these developments, termed the “Quiet Revolution” by historians, decisively marginalized the social and cultural role of Catholicism within Quebec society.

A theological reading of Hilary's ‘autobiographical’ narrative in De Trinitate I.1–19

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Carl Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Christian Faith ◽  
De Trinitate ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Hilary Of Poitiers ◽  
Mystery Of God ◽  
Autobiographical Narrative

Hilary of Poitiers begins his treatise De Trinitate with what appears to be an autobiographical narration of his journey to the Christian faith. Scholars, though taking different approaches to explain this narration, have overlooked its significance for Hilary's treatise. In the following essay, I argue that Book I is a reflection on sources of knowledge about God, the role of faith and reason in theological inquiry, the proper approach to scripture, and the soteriological context of any discussion on the mystery of God. These methodological reflections guide the reader through Hilary's treatise and make Book I crucial to understanding his purpose in De Trinitate.

scholarly journals The Role of Religion in the Life of Zainichi Koreans in Japan

Asian Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Nataša VISOČNIK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Korean Immigrants ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Koreans In Japan ◽  
Zainichi Koreans ◽  
Korean Identity ◽  
The Many

 Among the many elements that define people’s identity is ethnicity, which refers mainly to a person’s or a group’s sociocultural heritage, based on characteristics such as common or shared national origin, language, religion, dietary preferences, dress and manners, and other traits that denote a common ancestry. Religious identity, especially if shared, can influence one’s socioeconomic adjustment within an ethnic boundary that promotes ethnic identity, and religious faith can be a source of ethnic and even inter-ethnic solidarity. Korean immigrants in Japan established numerous mutual aid organizations, religious institutions, and self-governing bodies that aimed to promote the welfare of Korean communities, and thus work to establish the Korean identity in Japan. The religious practice of Japan’s Korean minority represents Confucianism, Christianity, shamanism, and Buddhism, or even a combination of two or more of them. This paper asks whether religion worked as a strong homogenising and distinguishing factor in the case of Korean minority and how did this role change through the generations of Koreans in Japan? 

scholarly journals Professional sportsmen attitude towards religion (based on the materials of the sociological survey)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
E. E. Gres
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Sports Activities

This article discusses the influence of religion on the personality and activities of an athlete. The first part of the article presents the author’s approaches to the study of religiosity, a questionnaire developed by the author with the participation of sports experts and coaches of national teams, adjusted in accordance with the specifics of the sociological selection — professional athletes of Russia, and the typology of religious and non-religious individuals (1 type — religious with dominant religious orientation, type 2 — hesitant-A with unstable religious orientation, tending to religiosity, type 3 — hesitant-B with unstable religion orientation, although tending to the irreligious, type 4 — undecided, 5 type — non-religious), established on the basis of fixed criteria, which are mainly signs of consciousness, behavior, involvement in religious attitudes. The second part contains the results of a series of concrete sociological studies conducted in 2015–2017, among 89 professional athletes with qualifications not lower than the candidate for master of sports of Russia, representatives of various sports clubs and teams in Moscow, to identify the relationship between the individual level of religiosity and the results of sports activities. The article confirms, based on the collected data, the hypothesis formulated by the author that religious faith contributes to the achievement of a high result in sports activities, providing a compensatory and mobilization effect on the individual. In addition, personal qualities are determined that are shaped by the practice of religious athletes in sports, as well as the statistically recorded view that bodily development contributes to spiritual growth. Demonstrating a high level of religiosity, representatives of different sports have their own specific characteristics, rituals, omens, rites of verbal and non-verbal characters. Not every athlete connects traditional religious practice with sports activities, even being deeply religious. Personal god, direct appeal to him in an improvised form in moments of special need (competition, as an example), personal signs — these are the characteristic features of this social category.

Three Approaches to Religious Issues in Counseling

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Presley
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Professional Code ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Religious Issues

The Christian faith continues to be a powerful influence in the lives of a great number of people in American culture. Three approaches employed by practitioners to deal with a client's religious faith have been identified through a review of the literature of the past 10 years. The approaches taken include avoidance, eradication, and integration of the client's faith. Practitioners will either avoid dealing with the client's faith, attempt to eradicate faith, or work towards integrating faith into the counseling process. These three approaches are evaluated in view of the American Psychological Association's code of ethics. Any one of the three approaches may be ethically acceptable when practiced within the bounds of professional code of ethics.

Introduction

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Eugene Fontinell
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Western History ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Reason And Faith

This introductory chapter discusses how the emergence of Christianity out of the Hellenistic context moves the dialectic to a new stage. Very early on, the tension and outright conflict between reason and faith appear. This faith/reason dialectic has continued down to the present. Within the culture at large, there are two simple and clear positions: faith alone is sufficient; reason alone is sufficient. For most of Western history, however, the dominant views have made attempts to account for both. The chapter suggests that no formal expression of the relation between faith and reason can ever be permanent or definitive. At best these expressions can serve as guidelines, as regulative ideals.

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