The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African History

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
World Politics ◽  
African History ◽  
North African ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Middle East Region

It is in moments of great upheaval that societies may best be studied. Today, The North Africa and the Middle East region (MENA) finds itself in the most alarming state since World War I. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle East and North African History is a timely intervention to interrogate the region’s internal dynamics and take stock of its place in world politics. It illuminates afresh dominant historical currents as well as counter-currents that previous accounts have not given their due attention or have failed to notice. Broadly chronological, this volume combines thematic and country-based, multi-disciplinary analysis in order to reconsider half a century of scholarship and to critically examine the defining processes and structures of historical developments from Morocco to Iran and from Turkey to Yemen over the past two centuries.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Middle East Dilemma: Pakistan’s Role as Mediator for Conflict Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Zikriya ◽  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Asif Salim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
East Region ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Middle East Region

The development of International relations together with forces like globalization and technology has brought the world closer to each other. Friendly ties and relations with states create massive challenges during times of conflict. The focus of the paper is on the crisis evolving in the Middle East region and the role of Pakistan in solving those crisis considering relations with its closest allies, political and financial circumstances, and its foreign policy principles. A qualitative research approach with desk analysis technique has been applied to analyse the role of Pakistan as a mediator for the conflict resolution among Middle Eastern countries. The research highlights how the disputes created great problems for Pakistan but it is still striving to resolve conflicts among Middle Eastern countries because maintaining peace and prosperity in the Muslim world has always been a top priority of Pakistan’s foreign policy.

Evaluation of water shortage crisis in the Middle East and possible remedies

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Babak Zolghadr-Asli ◽  
Parisa Sarzaeim ◽  
Mahyar Aboutalebi ◽  
Xuefeng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Water resources in the Middle East region are becoming scarce, while millions of people already do not have access to adequate water for drinking and sanitary purposes. Water resources depletion has become a significant problem in this region that is likely to worsen. Current research by remote sensing analysis indicates a descending trend of water storage in the Middle East region, where agriculture plays a crucial role in socio-economic life. This study introduces an approach quantifying water depletion in the Middle Eastern countries, which are being challenged in the management of their water resources. Furthermore, this paper presents results of a survey assessing the status of water use and supply in Middle Eastern countries and outlines some potential remedies. Specifically, Iran's water use is evaluated and compared with its neighbors'. The water equivalent anomaly (WEA) and total water storage (TWS) depletion are two indexes of water scarcity calculated for Middle Eastern countries surveyed herein. Our analysis reveals that Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran are countries with very negative water scarcity indexes. These estimates prove that international cooperation is needed to manage available regional water resources and reverse depletion of natural water sources. It is demonstrated herein that virtual water trade can help remediate regional water shortage in Middle Eastern countries.

scholarly journals Studying Middle Eastern Societies: Imperatives and Modalities of Thinking Comparatively

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Asef Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
East Region ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The Status ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
Middle East Region

Current debates about the status of middle east studies are informed by an assumption that separates ‘area studies’ from ‘global studies,’ and ‘area specialization’ from disciplinary or theoretical orientation. Arguing against such separation, I propose that a resort to comparative perspectives may help bridge the divide. To this end, I discuss imperatives and modalities of thinking comparatively in the context of the Middle East, and their implications for bringing other areas into comparative inquiries. Focusing on illustrations from Middle East social studies, I attempt to think through my own, albeit limited, experience of comparative research within the Middle East region.

scholarly journals West-Eastern Divan Orchestra: A Representation of Peace Optimism from the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Selma Elfirda Karamy ◽  
Arry Bainus
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
East Region ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
State Actor ◽  
The Many ◽  
Middle East Region

The high escalation of conflict that occurred in the Middle East region became a global issue which until now still has not found a solution. This situation is also complicated by the presence of US President Donald Trump's controversial immigration policy, which targets the Middle Eastern countries. Various efforts have been made by each country to reduce tension and maintain social and political stability in each country. In the midst of the many efforts made, emerging non-state actor that are trying to resolve conflicts, one of which is the Divan OrcThe high escalation of conflict that occurred in the Middle East region became a global issue which until now still has not found a solution. This situation is also complicated by the presence of US President Donald Trump's controversial immigration policy, which targets the Middle Eastern countries. Various efforts have been made by each country to reduce tension and maintain social and political stability in each country. In the midst of the many efforts made, emerging non-state actor that are trying to resolve conflicts, one of which is the Divan Orchestra, an international music organization that runs Music Diplomacy in the conflict countries. In this study, researchers will try to discuss The Divan Orchestra diplomatic roles as a representation of the message of peace from its members. The researcher will use the concepts of Music Diplomacy, Soft Power and Non-State Roles as Analysis Tools. While the research method used is a Qualitative Method using Literature Study. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-7663

scholarly journals Cross-cultural Communication and Language Perspective: Moving from Localization to Glocalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-69
Author(s):  
Immanuel Azaad Moonesar ◽  
Lionel Thibaud
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
East Region ◽  
French Firm ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract Objective: This is a case study on how a French firm went from Localization to Glocalization from a cross-cultural communication and language perspective. Methodology: The method used was a case study approach. Lionel Thibaud, the General Manager, Impression et Enregistrement des Résultats (IER) (a French firm) based on the Middle East thought about achievements and challenges faced by the company within the Middle East region over the period of 2007–2013 in relation to various cross-cultural and multi-national issues. Findings: The problem faced by the decision-makers in this region was how to do business with the different Middle Eastern countries while handling and striking a balance with all varying cultures and customs. In addition, to meet the needs of the customers, a key strategic mission was to establish long-term relationships and collaborations with suppliers and customers. This ‘way of doing business’ was made all the more difficult as the Middle Eastern culture was perceived similar from the outside. Value Added: Culture in Middle East was a good way to create discussions and healthy debate to understand how to do business in the Middle East and gain a competitive advantage through the relationships that IER developed through trust from the customers. IER Middle East continued to strive successfully on how to do business within the Middle Eastern region in handling and striking a balance with all varying cultures and customs. In addition, to meet the needs of the customers, IER had a long-term mission to establish long-term relationships and collaborations within the Middle East region. Recommendations: IER Middle East was to continue being the preferred vendor of airlines and airports while providing innovative ideas and solution as well as to continue to offer outstanding customer support.

scholarly journals Identification of novel canine rabies virus clades in the Middle East and North Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan David ◽  
Gareth J. Hughes ◽  
Boris A. Yakobson ◽  
Irit Davidson ◽  
Hikmat Un ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
N Gene ◽  
North African ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
The North ◽  
Gene Alignment ◽  
Nucleoprotein N

Four novel phylogenetic clades of canine rabies virus (RABV) variants have been identified in the Middle East and North Africa. The three novel Middle Eastern clades comprise RABV isolates from the borders between Israel and neighbouring countries. The North African clade (Africa 4) comprises four RABV isolates from Egypt and one from Israel. We characterized various RABV lineages antigenically by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the nucleoprotein (N) and phylogenetically by analysis of entire N gene sequences. The estimated mean substitution rate for the N gene alignment (2.7×10−4 substitutions per site per year) is comparable with previous estimates for RABV. The application of a molecular clock indicates the emergence of current canine RABV diversity to have occurred at about the same time (approx. 1870) in the Middle East and Europe, following divergence from established lineages in Africa and Asia.

scholarly journals Source apportionment of airborne nanoparticles in a Middle Eastern city using positive matrix factorization

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. Al-Dabbous ◽  
Prashant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Positive Matrix Factorization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
East Region ◽  
Airborne Nanoparticles ◽  
Middle East Region

Airborne nanoparticles have been studied worldwide, but little is known about their sources in the Middle East region, where hot, arid and dusty climatic conditions generally prevail.

Entrepreneurial finance and crowdfunding in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Abdeldayem ◽  
Saeed Aldulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Entrepreneurial Finance ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East Region ◽  
Pilot Sample ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Middle East Region

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze crowdfunding (CF) as new entrepreneurial finance (EF) tool and to predict the success of CF projects in the Middle East region. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in seven Middle Eastern countries (i.e. Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE) in addition to serval CF platforms that are commonly used by crowd funders in this region (such as Kickstarter, GoFundMe, Beehive and Zoomal) with total members (195,193). A pilot sample of 20 units was used to validate and verify the research instrument of the study. The research sample consists of 1,910 respondents from the seven countries included in the study. The study emphasizes the partners, micro-structures, administrative conditions and CF advancement in the Middle East. Findings The findings reveal that CF’s presence positively impacts fundraising success and that CF platforms are an effective financial technology (Fintech) tool for financing entrepreneurs in the Middle East. The study shows that the success of CF projects in the Middle East can be anticipated by estimating and breaking down enormous information of web-based and social media movement, human resources of funders and online venture introduction. The authors conclude with recommendations for future EF and CF research. Originality/value This study aims to analyze the CF and EF principles in the Middle East region as the CF experience and practice in this part of the world tend to be unexplored in terms of research. Presently a very few numbers published research on CF exists. Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, there is no single study investigating CF as an alternative financing source in the Middle East. In particular, the study.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration of Arab and Middle Eastern Regions beyond Political and Economic Threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Fawwaz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Region ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle East Region

Arab world and Middle Eastern region have suffered from wars and conflicts, which have resulted in creating a negative impact on the economy. In the past years, few studies have focused on discussing the impact of democratization in the Middle East and Arab region. The citizens of the Middle East region have suffered from authoritative style of governance. The democratic system is ideal for the Middle East region. It ensures that the basic fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. There are various factors, which provide hindrance in the adaptation of democratic system in both regions. This study explores major problems faced in the implantation of democratization system in the Middle East. Furthermore, the merits and demerits associated with the democratization system have also been highlighted. It has been evaluated that democratization system is beneficial for the Middle Eastern region. The implementation of democratization would be helpful in delivering benefits to the citizens. In a democratic system, the opinion of the public is considered in formulating policies. However, authoritative style of leadership and governess could cause hindrance in delivering benefits to the citizens. Thus, it can be concluded that democratization system is well-suited for Middle East region specifically. Moreover, present political setup or regime has failed to provide facilities to the public. So, public awareness should be created towards a limited democratization system as it has the capability of delivering benefits across all the sectors.

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