Diversification and Cultural Construction of a Crop

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian Q. Fuller ◽  
Cristina Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Culture History ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of

Rice (Oryza) is one of the world’s most important and productive staple foods, with highly diverse uses and varieties. We use archaeobotany, culture, history, and ethnobotany to trace the history of the development of sticky (or glutinous) forms. True sticky rice is the result of a genetic mutation that causes a loss of amylose starch but higher amylopectin content. These mutations are unknown in wild populations but have become important amongst cultivars in East and Southeast Asia (unlike other regions). In the same region, other cereals have also evolved parallel mutations that confer stickiness when cooked. This points to a strong role for cultural history and food preparation traditions in the genetic selection and breeding of Asian cereal varieties. The importance of sticky rice in ritual foods and alcoholic beverages in East and Southeast Asia also suggests the entanglement of crop varieties and culturally inherited food traditions and ritual symbolism.

scholarly journals Em Foco a Aritmética do Curso Primário: Um Estudo de Cadernos Escolares e do Manual “Práticas Escolares”

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rosimeire Aparecida Soares Borges ◽  
Cristiano José de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
School Practices ◽  
New School ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultura Escolar

Este estudo histórico investigou apropriações das propostas reformistas da Escola Nova no que tange ao ensino da Aritmética para a escola primária em cinco cadernos de um aluno, de terceiro e quarto anos do curso primário, dos anos de 1952 e 1953, respectivamente, e no primeiro volume do manual didático “Práticas Escolares” que teve sua primeira edição em 1940 e décima edição em 1965, de autoria de Antonio D’Ávila. Utiliza-se como base teórico-metodológica a História Cultural na direção de dar significado às apropriações que foram feitas em relação à aritmética da escola primária em tempos da Escola Nova. Há uma predominância da resolução de problemas aritméticos ligados ao cotidiano dos alunos, indicando uma preocupação com a abstração dos conceitos com foco em uma aritmética prática, que tinha por finalidade preparar o aluno para a vida fora da escola após quatro anos de estudo no curso primário. Observa-se uma valorização do aluno como indivíduo, com respeito ao seu ritmo e dificuldades apresentadas na aprendizagem da Aritmética, um dos aspectos marcantes da Escola Nova, o aluno considerado como protagonista do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, podendo interagir no meio social em uma formação mais humana.Palavras-chave: Aritmética. Ensino Primário. Manual Didático para Professores. Cadernos de aluno. Cultura escolar. História da Educação Matemática.AbstractThis historical study investigated appropriations of the New School for the teaching of Arithmetic for the primary school in five books of a student, of the third and the fourth years of the primary course, of the years of 1952 and 1953, respectively, And in the first Volume of the didactic manual “School Practices” that had its first edition in 1940 and tenth edition in 1965, authored by Antonio D’Ávila. It is used as a theoretical-methodological basis for the Cultural History in the direction of provide meaning the appropriations that were made in relation to the primary school in times of the New School. There is a predominance of solving arithmetic problems related to students’ daily life, indicating a preoccupation with an abstraction of concepts with a focus on an arithmetic practice, whose purpose was to prepare a student for the life outside of school after four years of primary school. It is observed the evaluation of the student as an individual, with respect to its rhythm and difficulties presented in the learning of Arithmetic, one of the markers of the New School, the student considered the protagonist of the process of teaching and learning, being able To interact in the social environment in a more humane formation.Keywords: Arithmetic. Primary school. Didactic Manual for Teachers. Books of a student. School culture. History of Mathematics Education.

Indicators of Possible Driving Forces for the Spread of Quechua and Aymara Reflected in the Archaeology of Cuzco

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON F. McEWAN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of

Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.

scholarly journals There and back again: What the Cold War for Southeast Asia can teach us about Sino-US competition in the region today

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Wen-Qing Ngoei
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expert Commentary ◽  
The Cold War

This essay examines how the history of the Cold War in Southeast Asia has shaped, and will likely continue to shape, the current Sino-US rivalry in the region. Expert commentary today typically focuses on the agendas and actions of the two big powers, the United States and China, which actually risks missing the bigger picture. During the Cold War, leaders of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) played a critical role in containing Chinese influence, shaping the terms of Sino-US competition and rapprochement, and deepening the US presence in Southeast Asia. The legacy of ASEAN’s foreign relations during and since the Cold War imposes constraints on Chinese regional ambitions today, which militates against the popular notion that Chinese hegemony in East and Southeast Asia is inevitable. This essay underscores that current analyses of the brewing crisis in and around the South China Sea must routinely look beyond the two superpowers to the under-appreciated agency of small- and middle-sized ASEAN actors who, in reality, are the ones who hold the fate of the region in their hands.

The Regional Centrality of Vietnam’s Central Highlands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Salemink
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Local Leaders

Vietnam’s Central Highlands—or Tây Nguyên—area is usually described as remote, backward, and primitive, but this region has played a central role in the history of the surrounding states and the wider East and Southeast Asia region. Far from isolated, the Central Highlands engaged in trade in precious forest products with lowland states and beyond since at least the emergence of the Hinduized Cham states from the first centuries ce onward. Lowland and coastal states needed the support of local leaders and traders in order to boost their trade and tax revenues. In addition, as a buffer between various rivalrous polities now known as Vietnam, Champa, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, the area occupied a strategic position in the wider mainland Southeast Asia region. With the emergence of a unified, neo-Confucianist Vietnamese state the region lost its centrality until the late colonial era, when its strategic value turned it into a battleground among various Vietnamese parties, France, and the United States. It was here that the outcome of the Indochina wars was determined, but at a terrible price for the local population. After the adoption of economic reforms in reunified Vietnam the Central highlands regained its economic centrality, predicated on the global prominence of its valuable cash crops such as coffee, tea, rubber, pepper, and cashew. This coffee boom was based on the labor of lowlander in-migrants, who displaced and dispossessed the highlanders in the process, turning the national and international integration of the Central Highlands and its renewed centrality into a tragic experience for the Central Highlanders. By taking the centrality of the Central Highlands seriously, I arrive at an alternative historical periodization.

scholarly journals Manuscript of Е. D. Prokofieva “Fishing of the Taz-Turukhansk Selkups” from the Archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a Source on the History and Ethnography of Siberia: 1920s–60s

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Olga B. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Traditional Fishing

In the archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the collection of famous ethnographers and researchers of Siberia, employees of the MAE RAS G.N. Prokofiev and E.D. Prokofieva there is an incomplete manuscript of an article by Ekaterina Dmitrievna Prokofieva “Fishing in the Taz-Turukhansk Selkups” (AMAE, fond 6, series 1, no. 104). In the first part of the manuscript, the author provides purely ethnographic data on traditional fishing methods among the population of the Taz River, characterizing the state of fishing in the region on the eve of Soviet modernization. The second part contains information about socialist changes that had taken place in the Taza region from the 1920s to the early 1960s: the transformation of the traditional culture of the local peoples, the change in the anthropogenic landscape, and the formation of the industrial fishing. The material, on which the work is based, was collected by E.D. Prokofieva during the expedition of 1962 to the Krasnoselkup district of the Tyumen region. The expedition was her last trip to the Northern Selkups. Alongside E.D. Prokofieva in the expedition there worked a young graduate student A.M. Reshetov, in future, well-known sinologist, historian of Russian ethnography, head of the department of East and Southeast Asia, and party organizer of the MAE RAS. The materials included in the text of the manuscript were obtained from direct participants and witnesses of the events or were taken from the economic documentation available at that time in the organizations of the district. The generation of informants has since changed, and the complex of documentation with which the researcher worked has become fragmented, scattered in the archives, and partially lost. This makes the manuscript a valuable source containing rare materials on unexplored issues of ethnography and history of the Taz lands of the era of intensive Soviet transformations. The purpose of this and several previous publications by the author, written on the basis of E.D. Prokofieva’s manuscript , is to introduce into the scientific use new data on the history, ethnography, and historiography of Siberia.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Kierner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
People Search ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Modern Era

The modern American approach to disaster is a cultural construction, a product of the period that historians define loosely as the modern era. When disaster strikes, people search for causes, assess culpability and costs, commiserate with victims (both as individuals and as a more abstract collective), and initiate various sorts of private and public relief efforts. Inventing Disaster traces the historical origins of this modern culture of disaster to three inter-related developments: the spread of information via trade, travel, and print; new Enlightenment ideas about science and human agency; and growing appreciation for the capacity to respond to the suffering of others with heartfelt emotion and benevolence, a quality known as sensibility. The book's introduction describes the modern culture of calamity and gives an overview of the chapters' contents, situating this study in both the cultural history of the Atlantic world and in interdisciplinary field of Disaster Studies.

Concepts of Order in Southeast Asia and Micronesia

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Alkire
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Striking Resemblance ◽  
The People ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
History Of

In this article a system of ordering space found among the people of the central and western Caroline Islands of Micronesia will be described, the fundamental concepts of which bear a striking resemblance to particular regulative principles found among various Southeast Asian peoples. If a genetic connection is accepted for these parallels the form taken by Southeast Asian cultures after contact with ‘Hindu/Buddhist’ peoples can be interpreted as a natural outgrowth of concepts already basic to these cultures before such contact. The ethnographic information presented here, therefore, is directed to the comparative analysis of the culture history of Southeast Asia and Oceania and should be viewed in conjunction with the recent work of linguists and archaeologists on this topic (e.g. Benedict, 1966, 1967; Grace, Solheim and Chang, 1964).

scholarly journals Popular Music in Southeast Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Barendregt ◽  
Peter Keppy ◽  
Henk Schulte Nordholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Mass Audience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Hybrid Forms

From the 1920s on, popular music in Southeast Asia was a mass-audience phenomenon that drew new connections between indigenous musical styles and contemporary genres from elsewhere to create new, hybrid forms. This book presents a cultural history of modern Southeast Asia from the vantage point of popular music, considering not just singers and musicians but their fans as well, showing how the music was intrinsically bound up with modern life and the societal changes that came with it. Reaching new audiences across national borders, popular music of the period helped push social change, and at times served as a medium for expressions of social or political discontent.

scholarly journals Out of Asia: Mitochondrial evolutionary history of the globally introduced supralittoral isopod Ligia exotica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Hurtado ◽  
Mariana Mateos ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Carlos A Santamaria ◽  
Jongwoo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Establishment Process

The native ranges and invasion histories of many marine species remain elusive due to a dynamic dispersal process via marine vessels. Molecular markers can aid in identification of native ranges and elucidation of the introduction and establishment process. The supralittoral isopod Ligia exotica has a wide tropical and subtropical distribution, frequently found in harbors and ports around the globe. This isopod is hypothesized to have an Old World origin, from where it was unintentionally introduced to other regions via wooden ships and solid ballast. Its native range, however, remains uncertain. Recent molecular studies uncovered the presence of two highly divergent lineages of L. exotica in East Asia, and suggest this region is a source of nonindigenous populations. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian) of a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal (r)DNA gene using a dataset of this isopod that greatly expanded previous representation from Asia and putative nonindigenous populations around the world. For a subset of samples, sequences of 12S rDNA and NaK were also obtained and analyzed together with 16S rDNA. Our results show that L. exotica is comprised of several highly divergent genetic lineages, which probably represent different species. Most of the 16S rDNA genetic diversity (48 haplotypes) was detected in East and Southeast Asia. Only seven haplotypes were observed outside this region (in the Americas, Hawai’i, Africa and India), which were identical or closely related to haplotypes found in East and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic patterns indicate the L. exotica clade originated and diversified in East and Southeast Asia, and only members of one of the divergent lineages have spread out of this region, recently, suggesting the potential to become invasive is phylogenetically constrained.

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