scholarly journals Em Foco a Aritmética do Curso Primário: Um Estudo de Cadernos Escolares e do Manual “Práticas Escolares”

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rosimeire Aparecida Soares Borges ◽  
Cristiano José de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
School Practices ◽  
New School ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultura Escolar

Este estudo histórico investigou apropriações das propostas reformistas da Escola Nova no que tange ao ensino da Aritmética para a escola primária em cinco cadernos de um aluno, de terceiro e quarto anos do curso primário, dos anos de 1952 e 1953, respectivamente, e no primeiro volume do manual didático “Práticas Escolares” que teve sua primeira edição em 1940 e décima edição em 1965, de autoria de Antonio D’Ávila. Utiliza-se como base teórico-metodológica a História Cultural na direção de dar significado às apropriações que foram feitas em relação à aritmética da escola primária em tempos da Escola Nova. Há uma predominância da resolução de problemas aritméticos ligados ao cotidiano dos alunos, indicando uma preocupação com a abstração dos conceitos com foco em uma aritmética prática, que tinha por finalidade preparar o aluno para a vida fora da escola após quatro anos de estudo no curso primário. Observa-se uma valorização do aluno como indivíduo, com respeito ao seu ritmo e dificuldades apresentadas na aprendizagem da Aritmética, um dos aspectos marcantes da Escola Nova, o aluno considerado como protagonista do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, podendo interagir no meio social em uma formação mais humana.Palavras-chave: Aritmética. Ensino Primário. Manual Didático para Professores. Cadernos de aluno. Cultura escolar. História da Educação Matemática.AbstractThis historical study investigated appropriations of the New School for the teaching of Arithmetic for the primary school in five books of a student, of the third and the fourth years of the primary course, of the years of 1952 and 1953, respectively, And in the first Volume of the didactic manual “School Practices” that had its first edition in 1940 and tenth edition in 1965, authored by Antonio D’Ávila. It is used as a theoretical-methodological basis for the Cultural History in the direction of provide meaning the appropriations that were made in relation to the primary school in times of the New School. There is a predominance of solving arithmetic problems related to students’ daily life, indicating a preoccupation with an abstraction of concepts with a focus on an arithmetic practice, whose purpose was to prepare a student for the life outside of school after four years of primary school. It is observed the evaluation of the student as an individual, with respect to its rhythm and difficulties presented in the learning of Arithmetic, one of the markers of the New School, the student considered the protagonist of the process of teaching and learning, being able To interact in the social environment in a more humane formation.Keywords: Arithmetic. Primary school. Didactic Manual for Teachers. Books of a student. School culture. History of Mathematics Education.

scholarly journals Eksplanasi Sejarah Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran SKI Untuk MI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Nur Saidah
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contextual Teaching

<p><em>This article describes the explanation of history and its implications in the development of Islamic Culture History learning models in Islamic Primary School. As an independent science, history has a different methodology. Therefore, the explanation is different from the history of other scientific explanations, though conceptually adopted the theory of social and natural sciences to support the explanation. These rules include the historical explanation; regularity, generalization,  statistical inference, periodical, historical narrative and the implications for the development of Islamic Culture History interpretation in Islamic Primary School learning model which requires teachers choose a model student-oriented learning (student centered). For an explanation of the history of the reconstruction of historical events that allow teachers to give crude learning materials so students should be involved to design his own knowledge until he is able to think critically and learn many values from explanation history. One of the today’s appropriate learning models is Contextual Teaching and Learning. This model is a holistic view of learners not only on psychological but also on social and neurotical. This model also requires the integral learning, bringing together the experience of learning in the classroom with daily experiences of students.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: explanation, contextual teaching and learning</em><em></em></p>

A Matemática para o Professor dos Primeiros Anos Escolares – a Álgebra Entre a Cultura Enciclopédica e a Formação Profissional

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Valente
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Education History ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Training Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Este texto analisa a entrada da Álgebra nos saberes matemáticos de formação de normalistas, a partir das últimas décadas do século XIX. Considera o debate entre dois modelos diferentes, para a formação dos professores dos primeiros anos escolares: o modelo ilustrado, para o ensino de cultura geral e o modelo de formação profissional restrita. A análise realizada toma os referentes da História Cultural. O estudo orienta-se pela questão: que razões justificam a entrada da Álgebra na formação do professor do ensino primário? Os resultados da investigação mostram a presença de rudimentos algébricos que amplificam o domínio da Aritmética tradicional. Em sentido mais amplo, tais conclusões indicam que para o estudo dos modelos de formação é necessário considerarem-se as finalidades de cada um dos saberes particulares, de cada conteúdo matemático.Palavras-chave: Formação de Professores. Educação Matemática. História da Educação Matemática.AbstractThis text analyzes the entrance of Algebra into the mathematical knowledge for the formation of normalists, starting in the last decades of the 19th century. It considers the debate between two different models, for the training of the teachers of primary school: the illustrated model, for the teaching of general culture, and the model of restricted professional formation. The analysis takes the referents of Cultural History. This study is guided by the question: What reasons justify the entry of Algebra into the training of primary school teachers? The results of this investigation show the presence of algebraic rudiments that amplify the domain of traditional Arithmetic. More broadly, these conclusions indicate that for the study of training models it is necessary to consider the purposes of each particular knowledge, of each mathematical content.Keywords: Teacher Training. Mathematics Education. History of Mathematics Education.

Análisis de las dificultades que enfrentan los alumnos en relación a la enseñanza del tema los efectos de la Presión Atmosférica

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Guillermo Salgado ◽  
José Navarrete ◽  
Juan Gabriel Morcillo Ortega ◽  
Manuela Martín Sánchez ◽  
María Teresa Martín Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Historical Study

<span>This paper is an analysis of student's problems to understand the concept atmospheric pressure and its influence in different experimental processes. We present an historical study of the topic, a bibliographical revision of research relative to teaching and learning problems in the case of fluids and the results of our investigation with two groups of students one of 11 - 12 years old and other of training teachers of primary school.</span>

scholarly journals Princípios de composição: descripções, narrações, cartas etc. por Guilherme do Prado (1895)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Geraldo Inácio Filho
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Textbook Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
Teaching Of Writing ◽  
Siglo Xx

Os manuais escolares são utilizados no Brasil, para uso de professores e alunos desde fins do século XIX e, no decorrer do século XX firmaram-se como objetos ou utensílios da cultura escolar. Este artigo analisa um manual escolar produzido no Brasil em 1895 – Princípios de Composição por Guilherme do Prado. A investigação centra-se nas prescrições para o ensino da redação/composição na escola e procura ressaltar como o autor assimilou conhecimentos que contribuíram para fazer da composição/redação um saber escolarizado.Palavras-chave: Manual escolar. Redação. Cultura escolar; História da Educação. AbstractSchool manuals to be used by teachers and students were established in Brazil in the late 19th century and were consolidated throughout the 20th century as objects or instruments of school culture. This article examines a school manual produced in Brazil at 1895 – Princípios de Composição, by Ghuilherme do Prado. This research focuses on the requirements for the teaching of writing at school and seeks to highlight how authors used knowledge that contributed to make writing a school knowledge.Keywords: School textbook. Writing. School culture. History of Education.ResumenLos manuales escolares han sido utilizados en Brasil para uso de profesores y alunos desde finales del siglo XIX y se consolidaron a lo largo del siglo XX como objetos ou instrumentos de la cultura escolar. Este articulo analiza un manual escolar produzido en Brasil nel año 1895 por Guilherme do Prado. La investigación se centra en las prescripciones para la enseñanza de la escritura y procura ressaltar como el autor ha integrado conocimientos que contribuyeron a hacer de la escritura un saber escolarizado.Palabras-clave: Manual escolar. Escritura. Cultura escolar. Historia de la Educación.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND IN TEACHER TRAINING IN BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Valente ◽  
Maria Célia Leme da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article discusses results from research developed on the transformations in mathematics teaching in primary school and the mathematics in teacher training from the 19th century to the mid-20th century in Brazil. We have analyzed the understanding of the relationship between the mathematical disciplinary field and pedagogy in order to confirm the theoretical hypothesis that the interactions between the two fields produce mathematics of different natures, which are interconnected.

scholarly journals A Economia Doméstica e Rural Presente no Capítulo XII da Obra Rechenbuch für Deutsche Schulen in Brasillien 2º Heft, de Matheus Grimm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Silvio Luiz Martins Britto ◽  
Arno Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
History Of Mathematics Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

O artigo analisa a obra Rechenbuch für Deutsche Schulen in Brasillien 2º Heft[1], de Matheus Grimm[2], com ênfase na seção XII, que aborda cálculos de economia doméstica e rural. Como o tema se insere na História da Educação Matemática, este estudo qualitativo e documental ampara-se na história cultural. A obra editada pela livraria Selbach, de Porto Alegre, teve sua primeira edição em 1900. O público-alvo eram os alunos do 3º e 4º ano elementar das escolas rurais teuto-brasileiras, unidocentes e mistas. A ideia era orientar os futuros colonos em suas receitas e despesas para administrar corretamente o orçamento familiar e gerenciar a produção na propriedade rural. Essa prática era comum nessas comunidades, pois havia o intuito de preparar as crianças para o futuro, com condições de realizar transações comerciais e dar continuidade aos negócios da família. Tais ações, contemporaneamente, fariam parte da denominada Educação Financeira, como objeto de conhecimento indispensável a ser trabalhado nas escolas brasileiras. As atividades desenvolvidas, a partir de situações-problema, estão relacionadas aos diferentes conteúdos matemáticos, envolvendo a aritmética, desenvolvendo habilidades para o manejo do cálculo escrito e mental por meio da resolução de problemas do cotidiano.   Palavras-chave: História da Educação Matemática. Ensino. Economia Doméstica e Rural.   Abstract The article analyzes the book Calculation for German schools in Brazil 2nd notebook, by Matheus Grimm, with an emphasis on section XII, which addresses household and rural economy calculations. As the theme is inserted in the History of Mathematics Education, this qualitative and documentary study is based on cultural history. The book published by the bookstore Selbach, Porto Alegre, had its first edition in 1900. The target audience were the students of the 3rd and 4th elementary year of the rural schools in Brazil, unidocentes and mixed. The idea was to guide the future settlers in their income and expenses to properly manage the family budget and manage the production in the rural property. This practice was common in these communities, since it was intended to prepare the children for the future, able to carry out commercial transactions and give continuity to the family business. Such actions, at the same time, would be part of the denominated Financial Education, as an object of knowledge indispensable to be worked in Brazilian schools. The activities developed, based on problem situations, are related to different mathematical contents, involving arithmetic, developing skills for the management of written and mental calculation through the resolution of everyday problems.   Keywords: History of Mathematics Education. Teaching. Domestic and Rural Economy.  

Indicators of Possible Driving Forces for the Spread of Quechua and Aymara Reflected in the Archaeology of Cuzco

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON F. McEWAN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of

Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.

Percursos Históricos da Escola Primária em Mato Grosso

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Laura Isabel Marques Vasconcelos De Almeida ◽  
Neuza Bertoni Pinto
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultura Escolar

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar os elementos da cultura escolar predominantes na Escola Primária mato-grossense, inventariados a partir da legislação e normas no período de expansão escolar em Mato Grosso. O estudo desenvolvido pelo viés histórico se ancora na abordagem da história-cultural e tem como fontes documentais, a legislação e o regulamento que definiram as diretrizes educacionais para a organização do Ensino Primário, levando em consideração os aspectos históricos, políticos e pedagógicos da época. O estudo aponta que apesar dos esforços, as Diretrizes Educacionais do Estado de Mato Grosso (1965) evidenciam a preocupação do Governo e a necessidade de melhoria no processo educativo das Escolas Primárias de Mato Grosso. No entanto, esta melhoria dependeria não apenas de boa vontade política, mas de uma proposta político-pedagógica direcionada ao Ensino Primário e a melhoria das condições de trabalho do professor na educação mato-grossense. Palavras-chave: Escola Primária. Cultura Escolar. Diretrizes Educacionais. AbstractThis article aims to highlight the elements of school culture prevalent in the primary school of Mato Grosso, inventoried from the legislation and norms during the school expansion period in Mato Grosso. The study developed by the historical bias is anchored in the approach of cultural history and has as documentary sources, legislation and regulation that defined the educational guidelines for the organization of primary education, taking into account the historical, political and pedagogical aspects of the time. The study points out that despite the efforts, the Educational Guidelines of the State of Mato Grosso (1965) show the government concern and the need for improvement in the educational process of primary schools in Mato Grosso. However, this improvement would depend not only on political goodwill but on a political-pedagogical proposal aimed at primary education and at improving the teachers’ working conditions in Mato Grosso State's education. Keywords: Primary School. School Culture. Educational Guidelines. 

scholarly journals Bolshevik Disease and Stalinist Terror: On the Historical Casuistry of Artificial Pneumothorax

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor J. Polianski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Artificial Pneumothorax ◽  
History Of

AbstractFrom its initial development by Carlo Forlanini at the end of the nineteenth century until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, artificial pneumothorax was one of the most widely used treatments for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there were strongly held reservations about this therapy because of its risks and side effects. In the Soviet Union under Stalin, such uncertainties became instruments of political denunciation. The leading Soviet pulmonary physician Volf S. Kholtsman (1886–1941) was alleged to have used the so-called ‘aristocratic therapy’ of artificial pneumothorax to kill prominent Bolsheviks. Drawing on documents from Stalin’s personal Secretariat, this historical study of the pneumothorax scandal contributes to the cultural history of tuberculosis, showing how it was instrumentalised for political purposes.

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